儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病治疗致可逆性后部白质脑病综合征二例

目的 探讨儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病化疗后合并可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的病因、临床表现、影像学特征及治疗.方法 分析2例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征患儿的临床资料并复习文献.结果 2例患儿主要表现均有嗜睡、头痛、视物不清、伴有癫癎发作,影像学以可逆性白质异常病变为特征.多位于半球后部白质.经正确治疗后,患儿的临床表现消失,影像学恢复正常.结论 可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床表现无特异性,经恰当治疗均可恢复正常.     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿诱导缓解期合并可逆性后部白质脑病临床特征

目的探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病（acute lymphoblastic leukemiu,ALL）患儿,在诱导缓解化疗期间发生可逆性后部白质性脑病综合征（reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy sysdrome,RPLS）的病因、临床表现、影像学特征及治疗。方法2011年6月至2012年3月,北京儿童医院血液病中心诱导缓解化疗期间出现RPLS的8例患儿。回顾性分析RPLS发病时间、临床表现、影像学检查特点、治疗及预后。结果8例患儿发生RPLS中位时间为诱导缓解化疗第28（23～34）d,以癫痫为主要表现,2例视觉障碍,3例意识障碍;均有粒细胞缺乏、电解质紊乱及凝血功能障碍;应用过粒细胞集落刺激因子;8例患儿均存在典型头部核磁共振成像（MRI）特征,6例患儿出现血管源性水肿,预后良好,2例患儿出现细胞毒性水肿,其中1例复发,预后不良。结论RPLS可发生在ALL患儿诱导缓解化疗期间,有特征性临床和影像学检查表现,头部MRI检查是诊断及评估RPLS预后的重要手段。其发病机制暂不明确。在化疗期间需要密切监测血压、血常规、电解质及凝血功能,积极处理。     

两种不同诱导缓解方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病疗效分析

目的 探讨两种不同诱导缓解方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病的疗效及合并症情况.方法 根据诱导缓解方案的不同将151例急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿分为两组,A组采用CODLP方案,B组采用VDLP方案.比较两种不同诱导方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病的第33天完全缓解率、感染率、足否延迟化疗及骨髓抑制时间.结果 两组方案在第33天骨髓缓解率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),诱导治疗期间感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组骨髓抑制时间为(15.52±0.83)d长于B组(9.64±0.70)d,(P<0.05),A组延迟化疗率为30.3%,高于B组(11.7%),(P<0.05).结论 与CODLP相比,VDLP诱导治疗方案缩短了骨髓造血恢复时间,也即缩短了达诱导缓解的时间,降低了化疗合并症.     

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病并发可逆性后部白质脑病综合征1例

<正>患儿,女,8岁,因间断发热20余d,咳嗽2 d入院。入院时查体:T41℃,P125次/min,R30次/min,BP 105/75 mmHg。神志清楚,贫血貌,颈部可触及蚕豆大小淋巴结数枚,质韧无触痛,周身无皮疹。双肺呼吸音粗,无罗音。心音有力,节律规整,可闻及     

儿童可逆性后部脑病综合征研究进展

可逆性后部脑病综合征是一种临床神经影像学综合征。临床特点包括头痛、意识障碍、癫癎发作及视觉障碍。影像学特征为大脑后部白质或 （和） 灰质病变。该病发生机制尚未完全明确,内皮损伤机制可能是关键因素。基础疾病是发病的重要因素,也是临床诊断的关键线索。大多数病例预后良好,临床和影像学异常可恢复。但严重病例如合并急性脑出血或大面积后颅窝水肿,导致梗阻性脑积水或脑干受压者可出现严重神经系统损害,常遗留后遗症,甚至导致死亡。早期识别,积极、恰当的治疗具有十分重要的意义。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病诱导化疗费用及成本效果分析

对儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病诱导化疗的成本及成本效果进行分析 ,探讨经济有效的治疗方法及降低成本的方法 ,对 34例急淋白血病患儿诱导化疗的两种方案进行回顾性分析评价 ,用成本效果分析的药物经济学方法进行比较。结果显示 :两种化疗方案的成本费用、费用构成比、副作用发生率无统计学差异 ,与住院总费用相关最密切的前三位费用为药费、输血费、检查费 ,VDLP1持续完全缓解率为 6 6 6 7% ,VDLP2 持续完全缓解率为 81 2 5% ,VDLP2 成本低但效果好。因此 ,药物经济学可为临床合理用药 ,优选治疗方案提供参考 ,使有限的卫生资源发挥更大的社会效益。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病诱导化疗费用及成本效果分析

对儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病诱导化疗的成本及成本效果进行分析，探讨经济有效的治疗方法及降低成本的方法，对34例急淋白血病患儿诱导化疗的两种方案进行回顾性分析评价，用成本效果分析的药物经济学方法进行比较。结果显示：两种化疗方案的成本费用、费用构成比、副作用发生率无统计学差异，与住院总费用相关最密切的前三位费用为药费、输血费、检查费，VDLP1持续完全缓解率为66．67％，VDLP2持续完全缓解率为81．25％，VDLP2成本低但效果好。因此，药物经济学可为临床合理用药，优选治疗方案提供参考，使有限的卫生资源发挥更大的社会效益。     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿中可逆性脑病临床总结

目的探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿化疗后可逆性脑病的临床和影像学特点。方法回顾分析2015年9月1日至2018年9月1日住院时发生脑病的急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿的临床资料。结果研究期间共收治新发急性淋巴细胞白血病582例,9例患儿发生10次可逆性脑病(1例患儿发生2次),其中男6例、女3例,脑病发生中位年龄6.55岁(3.9~12.5岁)。最常见的神经系统临床表现是抽搐,其次是肌无力和感觉异常。7例患儿曾接受培门冬治疗;5例患儿在脑病发生前有急性高血压病史;6例患儿在脑病发生时有低钠血症,部分有低纤维蛋白原血症。头颅磁共振成像检查均提示T1和T2信号异常,累及部位多见于顶枕叶。结论联合化疗、化疗药物鞘内注射和急性高血压是可逆性脑病发生的高危因素;监测血压、血钠、纤维蛋白原,以及头颅磁共振成像检查有助于早期发现可逆性脑病。     

儿童可逆性后部脑病综合征2例报告并文献复习

目的提高对儿童可逆性后部脑病综合征(RPES)的认识。方法回顾性分析首都儿科研究所收治的2例可逆性后部脑病综合征患儿的临床资料,并结合文献进行分析。结果2例患儿原发病分别为系统性红斑狼疮和肾病综合征,均在病程中突然出现头痛、视觉异常、意识障碍、高血压和抽搐等症状。头颅MRI显示双侧大脑顶、颞、枕叶皮层或皮层下片状长T1/T2信号。经过及时降血压和对症治疗后,短期内症状很快缓解,2～3周内影像学异常完全消失。结论RPES的发病机制是多方面的,急剧增高的血压可能是发生RPES的主要原因之一,及时有效的降压治疗可使病情在短期内逆转。     

儿童血液肿瘤化疗期间合并可逆性后部脑病综合征5例临床分析并文献复习

目的 探讨儿童血液肿瘤化疗期间合并可逆性后部脑病综合征(posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, PRES)的临床特征,提高对本病的认识。方法 回顾性分析2013年11月—2020年11月在山东第一医科大学附属省立医院小儿血液肿瘤科就诊,明确诊断为儿童血液肿瘤疾病(包括白血病、淋巴瘤)且合并PRES的5例患儿的临床资料。结果 5例患儿中男性3例,女性2例,年龄2岁5个月～12岁。患儿确诊后在我院规律化疗,无原发病复发,其中4例PRES发生于本次化疗的第8～28d, 1例发生于维持治疗时,起病时5例患儿均伴有严重感染(其中1例为细菌感染,1例为真菌感染,3例为细菌及真菌合并感染),其中5例同时伴有电解质紊乱(5例低钠血症、4例低钾血症),4例伴有血压升高。临床特征主要表现为头痛、意识不清、癫痫发作(4例为全面性强直-阵挛性发作),伴呕吐、流涎、精神淡漠、尿失禁。起病后即刻行头颅MRI检查显示颞叶、顶叶、枕叶、小脑、丘脑等部位T2WI高信号,FLAIR高信号,MRI显示病灶与患儿临床特征、神经系统查体定位基本一致。经脱水降颅压、抗感染、补充...     

Simultaneous occurrence of posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome in two cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia induction chemotherapy

We describe two cases Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) occurring in childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia within a week of each other during induction chemotherapy in our ward. We review the literature related to the possible etiology of PRES in these cases.     

On the origin of EEG-slowing and encephalopathy during induction treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

BACKGROUND: Neurological complications and EEG slowing frequently occur in children undergoing induction treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Disease-related factors and treatment-related toxicity are believed to play causative roles. We wanted to elucidate the etiology further by serial EEG examinations and parallel CSF amino acid analyses. PROCEDURE: Twenty-nine children participated in the study. EEG examinations with quantitative computerized analysis were scheduled on day 1, 10, 29, and 59 of protocol I of BFM-ALL 90 and 95 Study Protocols. CSF analysis for amino acids was carried out on day 1, 15, 29, 45, and 59. RESULTS: A total of 21 of 25 available EEGs showed slight-to-moderate slowing already at diagnosis. The abundance of slow waves was significantly correlated to the white blood count and the CSF glutamine concentration. The EEGs significantly worsened during the first 10 days of treatment with prednisone, VCR, daunorubicin, and intrathecal methotrexate. The following treatment including asparaginase (ASP) gave rise to depletion of CSF from asparagine and a rise of aspartate; glutamine, and glutamate did not follow this pattern. The EEGs remained abnormal, but did not worsen further; the CSF amino acid changes were not related to the EEG. During the subsequent consolidation treatment, the EEGs normalized despite administration of cyclophosphamide, cytara bine, intrathecal methotrexate, and mercaptopurin. CONCLUSIONS: The greater part of EEG changes observed in the early treatment of ALL is due to disease-related factors. Treatment with prednisone, vincristine, and to a much lesser degree asparaginase aggravates the pre-existing encephalopathy. Depletion of CSF from asparagine does not give rise to additional changes. In the second month, the EEG normalizes despite ongoing treatment with different cytotoxic drugs.     

L-asparaginase-induced reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is being increasingly described with various etiologies even in the absence of hypertension. We present an 11-year-old patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who presented with seizures while on treatment with L-asparaginase. MRI showed bilaterally symmetrical nonenhancing occipital lesions characteristic of RPLS. L-Asparaginase-induced RPLS is a rare cause of neurological symptoms in patients on induction chemotherapy.     

Urolithiasis in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia child during induction chemotherapy

An 11-year-old acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient suddenly developed severe abdominal flank pain and hematuria caused by renal stone during induction chemotherapy. The patient was treated with forced hydration, and the pain was relieved after the renal stone passed through. The renal stone was composed of calcium phosphate. The patient is currently in continuous complete remission, has had no recurrence of the urolithiasis, and is on consolidation chemotherapy. Although urolithiasis is extremely rare in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, it should be considered in patients who complain of abdominal flank pain or back pain during chemotherapy.