十二指肠憩室并发症及其术式选择

目的探讨十二指肠憩室的各种临床并发症及其手术治疗的术式选择。方法回顾性分析接受手术治疗的33例十二指肠憩室患者的临床资料,手术采用憩室切除术,憩室内翻缝合术,BillrothⅡ式胃切除+胃空肠吻合术和胃切除+胆肠吻合术。结果27例(81.8%)憩室位于十二指肠降部,老年患者23例(69.7%)。患者主要并发症为憩室炎症、出血、胆石症、慢性胃炎和胰腺炎,19例手术患者随访2~6年,17例(89.5%)近、远期临床效果良好。结论十二指肠憩室的并发症主要是炎症、出血、胆胰疾病,临床根据憩室部位和并发症合理选择手术方式,可以取得理想疗效。     

残胃贲癌的诊治（附21例报告）

目的 研究残胃贲门癌发病规律及探讨外科术式。方法 回顾分析我院1986年至2001年残胃贲门癌病人的病例资料。结果 残胃贲门癌21例，18例 十二指肠溃疡而行胃大部切除术，其中BillrothⅡ式术后16例，BillrothⅠ式2例。本组21例残胃贲门癌中，16例行残胃全切，食管空肠Roux-y吻合术。2例行残胃贲门部切除，食管余胃吻合术，拒绝手术1例。1例术中见腹腔广泛转移在检术。1例行空肠造瘘术。全组无近期死亡，18例残胃贲门癌切除病人术后进食情况及生存质量均良好。结论 胃大部切除患者应终身定期随访，以期较早发现残胃贲门癌。绝大多数残胃贲门癌需行残胃及吻合口全部切除，食管空肠Roux-y吻合术。     

残胃状态下食管癌与贲门癌的外科治疗策略

目的：探讨残胃状态下食管癌及贲门癌的外科治疗策略。方法：本院自2005年1月-2012年12月共收治残胃状态下食管癌及贲门癌患者8例,均行外科根治性手术治疗。结果：本组8例确诊患者的残胃状态时间平均为11.7年,其中Billroth I式吻合术者2例;Billroth II式吻合术者6例;2例食管癌患者行三切口食管癌切除联合结肠代食管术,6例贲门癌患者均经腹部手术切口,2例行贲门癌下段食管切除联合间置空肠代食管吻合术,4例行贲门癌残胃全切除联合P形空肠袢代胃Roux-en-Y式吻合术。结论：对于胃大部切除后残胃状态下的患者,早期或局部晚期的食管癌与贲门癌亦可行根治性手术,手术前需根据患者病变情况,选择合适的个体化手术方案,同样可以达到理想的治疗效果。     

残胃贲门癌的诊治(附21例报告)

目的　研究残胃贲门癌发病规律及探讨外科术式。方法　回顾分析我院 1986年至 2 0 0 1年残胃贲门癌病人的病例资料。结果　残胃贲门癌 2 1例 ,18例因胃十二指肠溃疡而行胃大部切除术 ,其中BillrothⅡ式术后 16例 ,BillrothⅠ式 2例。本组 2 1例残胃贲门癌中 ,16例行残胃全切 ,食管空肠Roux -y吻合术。 2例行残胃贲门部切除 ,食管余胃吻合术。拒绝手术 1例。 1例术中见腹腔广泛转移行活检术。 1例行空肠造瘘术。全组无近期死亡 ,18例残胃贲门癌切除病人术后进食情况及生存质量均良好。结论　胃大部切除患者应终身定期随访 ,以期较早发现残胃贲门癌。绝大多数残胃贲门癌需行残胃及吻合口全部切除 ,食管空肠Roux -y吻合术。     

溃疡旷置式胃大部切除术的评价

胃大部切除术至今仍是治疗十二指肠溃疡的主要的有效方法。对溃疡切除困难者,多主张施行溃疡旷置式胃大部切除术。本文对83例旷置术进行分析讨论。 临床资料 我院自1975年10月至1980年底,对269例十二指肠溃疡行胃大部切除,其中83例溃疡切除困难而行Bancroft法溃疡旷置术(占30.9％)。择期手术67例,急症手术16例,分别为择期与急症胃大部切除术的     

胃大部切除治疗消化性溃疡急性穿孔临床疗效分析

目的探讨胃大部切除治疗消化性溃疡急性穿孔的临床效果。方法对120例消化性溃疡穿孔患者行急诊胃大部分切除术,其中毕罗I式21例,毕罗II式97例,其中2例因十二指肠溃疡切除困难行行溃疡旷置。结果120例全部临床治愈,术后并发症6例（占5%）,其中切口感染3例、粘连性肠梗阻2例、十二指肠残端破裂1例。结论胃大部切除术是治疗消化性溃疡急性穿孔的主要有效方法,但必须认真掌握手术适应证和预防并发症。     

Billroth Ⅱ式胃大部切除术治疗16例十二指肠乳头旁憩室临床分析

目的 探讨Billroth Ⅱ式胃大部切除术治疗十二指肠乳头旁憩室的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析Billroth Ⅱ式胃大部切除术治疗16例十二指肠乳头旁憩室患者的临床资料.结果 16例十二指肠乳头旁憩室患者中,9例行胃镜和或消化道钡餐,3例联合了ERCP检查,4例联合了MRCP检查后确诊;7例患者经MRCP检查直接确诊.除处理胆道结石外,16例均行Billroth Ⅱ式胃大部切除术,3例术后出现胃瘫,均治疗后痊愈.结论 MRCP是诊断Lemmel综合征的无创检查;Billroth Ⅱ式胃大部切除术是治疗十二指肠乳头旁憩室的有效手段.     

胃大部切除胃回肠错误吻合合并吻合口漏

病历摘要患者王×,男,54岁,干部,住院号242705。因胃大部切除术后6天,突然上腹部剧痛12小时,于1979年4月30日晨由外院转来,急诊入院。患者于6天前因十二指肠球部溃疡大出血在当地医院全麻下作了胃大部切除 BillrothⅡ式结肠前胃空肠吻合术。因患者过胖,十二指肠残端位置较深,故术中寻找十二指肠空肠韧带(屈氏韧带)时占用时间较长,手术共用5个小时,屈氏韧带最终仍未看清,只是     

胃截除术后综合症羣——文献综述与142例溃疡病的临床观察

Billroth氏于1881年首創胃幽門区截除与胃十二指肠吻合术,即所謂Billroth-Ⅰ式手术;1888年Billroth氏的助手依照Von Hecher氏(1885年)的建議将胃十二指肠吻合术改进为胃空肠吻合术,是为Billroth-Ⅱ式手术。此后,胃切除术虽經不断改良,但基本上均属Billroth-Ⅱ式手术的范疇。目前外科在处理潰瘍病时,Billroth-Ⅱ式手术仍被广泛采用着。手术后90％     

胃大部切除间置空肠十二指肠吻合术(附15例报告)

1985年1月至1991年1月,我院共行胃大部切除间置空肠十二指肠吻合术15例(以下简称间置术)。临床观察表明该术式对预防传统的B—I式胃大部切除术后碱性返流性胃炎等并发症效果良好。现报告如下。 1 临床资料选择同期住院的胃溃疡、胃窦癌     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.