彩超探查经桡动脉冠状动脉造影入路的应用价值

目的：评价彩超探查经桡动脉途径冠状动脉造影（ transradial coronary angiography , TRA ）入路的应用价值。方法择期行经桡动脉冠状动脉造影患者400例,随机分为术前彩色多普勒超声检查组（实验组）和非多普勒超声检查组（对照组）,各200例。主要评价指标包括造影成功率、造影时间、不同直径造影鞘管使用率、术中及术后不良事件（如死亡、急性心肌梗死、局部血肿、假性动脉瘤、骨筋膜室综合征和桡动脉闭塞）;次要评价指标包括桡动脉内径、超声下入路解剖变异发生率。结果实验组造影成功率（100％）较对照组（90％）高,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。实验组造影时间比对照组缩短[（10．7±1．0）min vs （12．5±3．5）min,P＜0．05]。实验组血管并发症发生率显著低于对照组;两组均未发生死亡、假性动脉瘤、桡动脉闭塞及骨筋膜室综合征。结论 TRA前应用彩超探查造影入路可提高造影成功率,缩短造影时间,减少术中桡动脉痉挛及术后局部并发症。     

经桡动脉途径行全脑血管造影的临床应用

目的 评价经桡动脉行全脑血管造影的安全性及有效性,探讨其技术要点、主要优缺点及适应证、禁忌证.方法 对52例不适合经股动脉途径造影或不愿意术后卧床的患者进行经桡动脉全脑血管造影检查(桡动脉组),统计其穿刺成功率、造影成功率及并发症发生率.并与同期进行的83例经股动脉全脑血管造影(股动脉组)结果进行比较.数据分析采用X2检验.结果 两组患者的穿刺成功率、造影成功率及并发症发生率在桡动脉组分别为96.2%(50/52)、94.2%(49/52)、9.6%(5/52),股动脉组分别为100%(83/83)、95.2%(79/83)、8.4%(7/83),两者差异无统计学意义(X2值均为0.000,P值均>0.05).桡动脉组患者发生穿刺部位轻微淤血2例,无血肿、假性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘等严重并发症发生.结论 经桡动脉途径选择性全脑血管造影术安全有效,患者痛苦小、并发症发生率低,可作为脑血管造影的选择途径之一.     

经桡动脉穿刺选择性全脑血管造影术

自从1927年M oniz发明脑血管造影术后,经过近80年的发展,脑血管造影技术已逐渐完善。人们尝试了多途径脑血管造影方法,如经颈动脉穿刺造影,经股动脉、肱动脉穿刺造影等。近年来欧﹑美﹑日﹑韩等国家开展了经桡动脉穿刺脑血管造影术,并在临床上推广应用,取得了较为满意的效果犤1     

经皮桡动脉入路在急性心肌梗死直接冠脉介入治疗中的疗效观察

目的 探讨经皮桡动脉入路直接介入治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效.方法 对46例行经皮桡动脉入路直接冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性心肌梗死患者(A组)进行回顾性分析,对照组为48例行经皮股动脉入路直接PCI治疗的急性心肌梗死患者(B组),随访术后6个月内冠状动脉急性及亚急性血栓形成、再狭窄、心血管事件的发生率及6个月冠状动脉造影复诊率.结果 94例患者PCI治疗均成功.介入治疗1个月后随访结果显示,两组均没有发生冠状动脉内血栓形成(P＞0.05),介入治疗6个月后随访结果 显示,再狭窄及心血管事件发生率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).6个月冠状动脉造影复诊率A组明显高于B组(P＜0.05).结论 急诊行经皮桡动脉入路介入治疗急性心肌梗死是安全可行的,不增加近期血栓形成和心血管事件的发生率,而且能提高冠状动脉造影复诊率.     

Usefulness of selective cerebral angiography by transradial approach

Transradial angiography has recently emerged as an alternative to the transfemoral or transbrachial approach, especially for coronary procedures. However, there have been few studies on cerebral angiography using the transradial approach. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes, complications, and limitations of selective cerebral angiography via the transradial approach. Selective cerebral angiography by the right transradial approach using 100-cm-long 4-F catheters was performed in 83 patients. Using five types of catheters, the success rates of selective catheterization to the right vertebral artery, right common carotid artery, left common carotid artery, and left vertebral artery were 40/44 (91%), 68/68 (100%), 62/62 (100%), and 14/25 (56%), respectively. Puncture failed in one patient, and a guidewire could not be introduced beyond the radial artery loop in one patient. Radial artery spasm occurred in one patient, but was relieved immediately after nitroglycerin injection through the sheath with side holes. Subcutaneous bleeding occurred in six patients, but no obvious hematomas were noted. Occlusion or stenosis of the radial artery occurred in five patients, but no ischemic symptoms were observed in any of the cases. This study suggested that selective cerebral angiography can be performed safely using the transradial approach.     

Internal carotid artery blood flow during cerebral angiography

Summary A total of 13 contrast injections of Isopaque Cerebral (meglumine metrizoate) were made into the precerebral arteries or the aortic arch in 6 patients and the bilateral internal carotid artery blood flow monitored continuoulsy using implanted electromagnetic blood flow probes. The most frequent causes of flow changes were found to be due to sudden changes in arterial blood pressure or ventilation which caused a simultaneous and generally identical flow pattern in the two arteries. In 4 patients a slight increase in flow in the artery receiving contrast medium was observed; the increase ranged from 10 to 20% above control level. In one patient the ICA receiving contrast medium showed an initial drop in blood flow to about 85% within 15 sec while the contralateral side showed an increase in flow to about 110%. This sequence was followed by a 6 minute period of slightly increased blood flow on the injection side while the other side showed a slight decrease. A discrepancy in carotid vasomotor response was seen after the injection of 50 ml of contrast medium into the aortic arch with filling of both carotids in the angiogram. Flow changes thought to reflect arterial spasm (increased vascular resistance) were observed during attempts to puncture the common carotid artery. The risks connected with this method are discussed. Repeat flow recordings throughout the 24 hours following angiography did not show flow changes attributable to the angiographic investigation.     

Three-dimensional magnetization-prepared time-of-flight MR angiography of the carotid and vertebral arteries

Three-dimensional magnetization-prepared (MP) MR angiography (MRA) was applied to the carotid and vertebral arteries by using ECG triggering, a slab selective RF inversion pulse, centric phase encoding and acquisition during diastole. Both theoretically and experimentally, the MP MRA sequence was shown to perform well in cases where there was substantial blood replenishment during the inversion time Tl (>330 ms). In comparison with standard, ungated, steady-state 3D time-of-flight MRA in 13 consecutive volunteers, the MP MRA images demonstrated better background suppression with less artifact and generally had more uniform vessel depiction. The MP MRA sequence was generally superior for portraying vessels exhibiting high pulsatility such as the carotid siphon. However, in distal vessels with slow flow and incomplete blood replenishment, the MP MRA technique was inferior due to increased loss of vessel signal. The reasons for this increased signal loss are identified and improvements to the MP MRA sequence are suggested.     

Neuroradiological applications of a new system of stereoscopic biplane digital subtraction angiography

A stereoscopic biplane digital subtraction angiography (DSA) system was developed, capable of obtaining frontal and lateral projections simultaneously during a single injection of contrast medium. This new system combines the advantages of both biplane and stereoscopic single-plane DSA, and permits high-quality neuroangiography.     

Acute massive subdural hematoma caused by rupture of internal carotid artery aneurysm during angiography: a case report

We present a case of acute, massive subdural hemorrhage caused by rupture of an internal carotid artery aneurysm during the procedure of cerebral angiography. To our knowledge, a case like the present one has been reported only once in the English-language literature. The incidence, mechanisms, treatment, and prognosis of (1) subdural hematoma, caused by rupture of cerebral aneurysm, and (2) re-rupture of aneurysm during the angiography procedure are discussed. Electronic Publication     

The toxicity of non-ionic water-soluble contrast media in selective vertebral angiography

Summary Selective vertebral angiography was performed in 28 rabbits in order to compare the adverse effects of two monomeric (metrizamide, iohexol) and two dimeric (iodecol, 2-5410-3) non-ionic water-soluble contrast media. The dose was 2,5 ml and the iodine concentrations 300 mg per ml. Marked, but transitory changes were seen in the electrocardiographic and blood pressure recording with all the contrast media and with no difference between them in this respect. The two monomers had a higher tendency than the dimers to cause spasm in the intracranial arteries. No serious complications were seen in the series.     

经桡、股动脉途径行无保护左主干病变介入治疗的对比研究

目的 比较经桡动脉途径(TRA)、经股动脉途径(TFA)行无保护左主干(ULMCA)病变经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)的安全性、可行性及临床疗效.方法 纳入沈阳军区总医院2007年1月—2008年12月行ULMCA病变PCI的286例患者进行同顾性分析,其中,TRA 144例(TRA组),TFA 142例(TFA组).比...     

Neurologic complications of cerebral angiography.

PURPOSETo examine the incidence of neurologic complications associated with modern cerebral angiography and to assess patient characteristics associated with an increased risk of complications.METHODSOne thousand consecutive cerebral angiographic procedures were evaluated prospectively. Examinations were performed using transfemoral catheterization and film-screen methods. For purposes of this trial, a neurologic complication was defined as any new focal neurologic deficit or change in mental status occurring during the angiogram or within the following 24 hours. Patients were evaluated during and at the completion of angiography. Follow-up evaluations were performed on the day of and the day after angiography.RESULTSThere were a total of 10 neurologic complications within 24 hours of angiography, 5 of which were persistent. Onset of 5 of the deficits occurred during angiography, the other 5 (3 persistent) were delayed. All complications occurred in patients being evaluated for stroke/transient ischemic attack or (in one case) asymptomatic bruit. A higher average age, longer average procedure time, and greater volume of radiographic contrast was noted in these patients than in the study population.CONCLUSIONCerebral angiography was associated with a 1% overall incidence of neurologic deficit and a 0.5% incidence of persistent deficit. All complications occurred in patients presenting with a history of stroke/transient ischemic accident or carotid bruit, which may reflect the difficulty of performing angiography in this population at risk for atherosclerotic changes.     

经桡动脉途径前列腺动脉栓塞术可行性及安全性研究

目的 探讨经桡动脉途径前列腺动脉栓塞术(PAE)治疗前列腺增生的可行性及安全性.方法 回顾性分析18例经左侧或右侧桡动脉行C形臂CT引导下PAE术患者临床资料,观察记录上肢动脉痉挛、损伤和穿刺点出血发生率,术后桡动脉搏动及堵塞情况,手指血供及神经损伤情况,手术成功率,围手术期脑血管并发症发生率,手术时间,射线辐射剂量及临床疗效.结果18例患者中接受经左侧桡动脉、右侧桡动脉途径PAE术分别为14例、4例.16例接受双侧栓塞,2例因前列腺动脉开口扭曲伴狭窄仅完成单侧栓塞.术后1例出现桡动脉搏动减弱,超声提示血流减慢.手术时间96～245 min,患者所受辐射剂量2 435～4 958 mGy,平均(3 342±156) mGy,与同期经股动脉途径PAE术差异无统计学意义(P=0.1167).结论采用经桡动脉途径行PAE术安全、可行.     

Complications of cerebral angiography: a prospective analysis of 2,924 consecutive procedures

Introduction Cerebral angiography is an invasive procedure associated with a small, but definite risk of neurological morbidity. In this study we sought to establish the nature and rate of complications at our institution among a large prospective cohort of consecutive patients. Also, the data were analysed in an attempt to identify risk factors for complications associated with catheter angiography. Methods Data were prospectively collected for a consecutive cohort of patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography between January 2001 and May 2006. A total of 2,924 diagnostic cerebral angiography procedures were performed during this period. The following data were recorded for each procedure: date of procedure, patient age and sex, clinical indication, referring specialty, referral status (routine/emergency), operator, angiographic findings, and the nature of any clinical complication or asymptomatic adverse event (arterial dissection). Results Clinical complications occurred in 23 (0.79%) of the angiographic procedures: 12 (0.41%) significant puncture-site haematomas, 10 (0.34%) transient neurological events, and 1 nonfatal reaction to contrast agent. There were no permanent neurological complications. Asymptomatic technical complications occurred in 13 (0.44%) of the angiographic procedures: 3 groin dissections and 10 dissections of the cervical vessels. No patient with a neck dissection suffered an immediate or delayed stroke. Emergency procedures (P = 0.0004) and angiography procedures performed for intracerebral haemorrhage (P = 0.02) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (P = 0.04) were associated with an increased risk of complications. Conclusion Neurological complications following cerebral angiography are rare (0.34%), but must be minimized by careful case selection and the prudent use of alternative noninvasive angiographic techniques, particularly in the acute setting. The low complication rate in this series was largely due to the favourable case mix.     

The toxicity of the non-ionic watersoluble contrast medium metrizamide (Amipaque) in selective vertebral angiography

Summary Selective left vertebral angiography was carried out in 21 rabbits comparing the toxic effects of meglumine iothalamate (Conray meglumine), meglumine metrizoate (Isopaque Cerebral) and metrizamide (Amipaque). The iodine concentration for all 3 media was 280 mg/ml. General convulsions were seen in many of the animals with all 3 media. The convulsions occurred at higher doses and were milder with metrizamide than with the 2 other contrast agents. Bradycardia was also seen with all 3 media and there was no statistical significant difference between them in this respect. The mortality was approximately 50% with both meglumine iothalamate and meglumine metrizoate, while no animals died following angiography with metrizamide.     

Magnetic resonance angiography of extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries,including their origins: comparison with digital subtraction angiography

Summary Although carotid bifurcation stenoses are not the only lesions of the extracranial cerebral arteries, magnetic resonance angiographic (MRA) studies to date have concentrated on the carotid bifurcation. We compared digital subtraction angiography of the extracranial portions of the cerebral arteries with MRA using an ordinary body coil, the time-of-flight method, and multiple transverse slabs which covered the arteries down to the aortic arch. Twenty-two patients (15 with arteriosclerotic diseases, 4 with aortitis, and 3 with tumours) had MRA using a 1.5 T magnet system with a three-dimensional fast imaging with steady state precession (FISP) technique. Thirty-nine carotid and 39 vertebral arteries were assessed by three radiologists with regard to stenoses or occlusions, graded as normal, mild (<30%), moderate (30–60%) or severe (>60%) stenosis, or occluded. Grading corresponded well in 81%; stenoses appeared more marked on MRA in 14% and were seen less clearly on MRA in 5%. When 26 carotid bifurcations were assessed separately, grading corresponded well in 95%. MRA is the only method which can display the whole course of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries non-invasively and satisfactorily.     

应用PTCA导丝经桡动脉环冠状动脉造影

目的 研究应用经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty,PTCA）导丝经桡动脉环完成冠状动脉造影的可行性.方法 2012-01至2012-12我院行经桡动脉冠状动脉造影2600例,对超滑导丝推送困难或遇到阻力者通过造影导管行桡动脉或上肢动脉造影,对发现的桡动脉环随机分为两组,PTCA导丝组改用PTCA导丝尝试通过桡动脉环完成冠脉造影,改股动脉组直接改为股动脉入路行冠脉造影,比较两组成功率、操作时间、放射线剂量（dose area product,DAP）、造影剂用量情况等.结果 经桡动脉造影确认桡动脉环52例,两组患者完成冠脉造影成功率差异无统计学意义（92％ vs 100％,P=0.15）,PTCA导丝组操作时间、放射线剂量高于改股动脉组[（922.8±124.2）s vs（699.2±99.5）s,P＜0.001; （27288.1±6420.2）mGy/cm2 vs （22711.9±4850.4）mGy/cm2,P ＜0.05],造影剂用量差异无统计学意义[（49.5±5.9） mlvs （45.1±6.2）ml,P＞0.05].结论 经桡动脉造影遇到桡动脉环时通过改用PTCA导丝仍可顺利完成冠脉造影,一定程度增加操作时间及放射线剂量.     

The toxicity of the non-ionic water-soluble contrast media iohexol and metrizamide (Amipaque) in selective vertebral angiography

Summary Selective left vertebral angiography was carried out in 25 rabbits comparing the toxic effects of iohexol and metrizamide (Amipaque). The iodine concentration for iohexol was 280 and 350 mg/ml and for metrizamide 350 mg/ml. Short general convulsions were seen in many of the animals with iohexol in the concentration of 350 mg iodine/ml. Cardiovascular reactions were seen with both contrast media, but were more marked with iohexol than with metrizamide in the concentration of 350 mg iodine/ml. Both iohexol and metrizamide are far less toxic than the ionic contrast medium metrizoate, but metrizamide seems to be less toxic than iohexol in vertebral angiography.     

Magnetic resonance angiography and selective angiography following extra-intracranial bypass operations

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was compared with conventional angiography in 14 patients following extra-intracranial arterial anastomosis. In 13 patients the bypass was shown by MRA and confirmed by conventional angiography. In five of these, the anastomosed vessels, in particular the superficial temporal artery, was of the same calibre or smaller than the same vessels on the contralateral, healthy side. In one patient no anastomosis could be shown by MRA, and occlusion of the bypass was confirmed by conventional angiography. Absence of dilatation of the anastomotic vessels may indicate insufficient bypass function due to stenosis or an incorrect indication for surgery.     

脑CT灌注成像与CT血管成像诊断颈内动脉狭窄及闭塞的临床研究

目的　评价CT灌注成像与CT血管成像 (CTA)在颈内动脉狭窄及闭塞疾病中的临床应用价值。方法　 2 7例颈内动脉狭窄及闭塞的患者 ,14例行单层CT灌注成像 ,对比剂总量为 50ml ,注射流率为 4.5ml s。 13例行 2次CT灌注成像 ,每次对比剂剂量为 3 5ml。随后使用螺旋CT扫描对颈内动脉颅外段和 (或 )颅内段行CTA。由 2名神经影像医生阅片比较 2种CT灌注成像的最大峰值时间 (timetopeak ,PT) ,以及平均通过时间 (meantransittime ,MTT)和相对血流量 (relativeflow ,RF)图像。观察CT血管成像的螺旋横轴面图像以评价管壁斑块。应用Xtension软件实现最大密度投影(maximumintensityprojection ,MIP)和表面阴影成像 (thresholdshadedsurfacedisplay ,SSD)以观察血管整体形态 ;使用FlyThrough软件生成CT仿真血管内窥镜图像以观察血管内部形态。结果　 2 7例患者常规CT图像检出 2 9个病灶。CT灌注图像共检出 43个病灶 ,其中 8个病灶RF与对侧相比无明显降低 ;其MTT略延长 ,PT明显延长。注射 3 5ml对比剂与注射 50ml对比剂的CT灌注图像的质量差异无显著性意义 (χ2 =0 .487,P >0 .0 5)。 13例患者 2 6支颈动脉中 2 1支颈动脉可以观察到动脉管壁钙化斑块 ,15支颈动脉可以观察到密度值为 -12～ 15HU的软斑块。SSD、MIP和内窥