The Intricate Process of Psychoanalytic Research: Encountering the Intersubjective Experience of the Researcher–Participant Relationship

Qualitative research in general and the psychoanalytically informed research interview method specifically, can be emotionally demanding on researchers as they form relationships with participants. This is especially the case when researchers and participants share particular identities and experiences. In this paper I reflect on my experience of interviewing mothers raising children with a visible physical disability about their maternal subjectivity. At times this was an emotionally demanding and ethically challenging process as participants closely identified with certain aspects of my identity, particularly with my visible physical disability and motherhood peculiarities. Often participants unexpectedly reversed our roles, asking me intimate questions. I will deliberate these dilemmas using interview material. I argue for a mindful blurring with participants when this occurs. Using certain psychoanalytic‐researcher concepts of intersubjectivity, transference–countertransference and psychoanalytic‐researcher thirdness helped me successfully navigate these encounters. I will also explore the rich participant psychic functioning that was generated from this intersubjective relationship between myself and the participants.     

Chylomicron Retention Disease: The Role of Ultrastructural Examination in Differential Diagnosis

Three children with malabsorption presumably caused by celiac disease had undergone jejunal biopsy. While a histological examination revealed microvacuolization of enterocytes in the absence of celiac lesions, an ultrastructural investigation disclosed numerous chylomicrons and larger lipid vacuoles inside the cytoplasm of enterocytes, mostly in the supranuclear region. No chylomicrons were evident in the interstitium between adjacent enterocytes, as observed in normal subjects. These ultrastructural findings allowed for the diagnosis of "Chylomicron retention disease" (CRD). CRD was described for the first time by Anderson in 1961, and it is included in the group of disorders of biosynthesis and secretion of B apolipoproteins (apoB). This disease, in particular, appears to result from a specific defect involving the secretion of lipoproteins containing apoB-48 from the gut, with the complete absence of post prandial chylomicrons in the sera. CRD needs to be recognized early because of its adverse effects on growth and its potential for neurological and ocular complications, and the ultrastructural identification of chylomicron-size lipid droplets clustered in the enterocytes, with the absence of fat outside the cells, represents the gold standard to identify CRD. together with clinical aspects and laboratory measurements. In this study, we describe the histological and ultrastructural aspects observed in three pediatric cases of CRD.     

医生人格特征与医患关系的相关性

个人的心理状况与所从事的职业具有相关性，并且通过一定的干预措施，可以改善其人格特征使之更适合职业需要，如大学生学习成绩与人格特征的关系，医学生的临床技能与个体的心理状况有关等。本文采用16PF问卷对某战区5所医院医生的人格特征进行了调查，分析了被投诉医生的行为特点，为今后有针对性地选拔培养和使用医生提供科学依据。     

大学生社会支持中介人格与人际倦怠的关系

目的检验大学生社会支持对人格与人际倦怠关系的中介作用。方法对被试大学生施测社会支持量表、人际倦怠量表和简式艾森克人格问卷。结果①精神质对主观支持有预测作用(β=-0.324,P<0.001),内外向对社会支持各维度都有预测作用(0.186<β<0.413,P<0.05);②精神质能预测人格解体(β=0.308,P<0.001),内外向能预测情绪耗竭(β=-0.216,P<0.001)和成就感降低(β=-0.540,P<0.001),神经质能预测情绪耗竭(β=0.513,P<0.001)和人格解体(β=0.169,P<0.05);③主观支持部分中介精神质与人格解体的关系,主观支持部分中介内外向与成就感降低的关系。结论社会支持对人格与人际倦怠的关系有中介作用。     

The Status of Skin Conductance Recovery Time: An Examination of the Bundy Effect

The independent status of recovery of the skin conductance response has been an important assumption underlying work in which electrodermal responses to different task demands have been examined or in studies in which different psychopathological groups have been differentiated. Doubts on this issue have recently been raised by Bundy and Fitzgerald (1975). The present study examines data on this point from two samples and suggests that it is still worthwhile to treat SCR recovery as an independent variable.     

Psychological Adjustment Following Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: An Examination of the Moderating Role of Positive and Negative Emotional Expressivity

In support of cognitive processing models, emotional expression appears to reduce associations between intrusions and psychological distress. Past research has focused primarily on the role of the expression of negative emotion, or emotion in general, in cognitive processing and adjustment. In the present study, we examined the role of both positive and negative emotional expressivity on relations between intrusions and both distress and avoidance among 93 individuals diagnosed with and treated for cancer. We hypothesized stronger negative associations between intrusive thoughts and both distress and avoidance for those individuals lower in positive or negative expressivity. Results generally supported hypotheses with regard to relations of intrusions and distress in association with positive expressivity. Negative expressivity, however, moderated relations between intrusions and distress, but not intrusions and avoidance. These findings underscore the importance of examining the impact of individual differences in negative, as well as positive, emotional expression on cognitive processing and psychological adjustment.     

自尊在心理安全感与生活满意度关系中的中介作用

目的:研究自尊在心理安全感与生活满意度间的中介作用。方法:以随机抽样的方法,抽取广东省某大学511名大学生为被试,采用心理安全感量表、Rosenberg自尊量表、大学生生活满意度评定量表为工具进行测评。结果:中介效应检验提示,自尊可能在心理安全感与生活满意度间发挥部分中介的作用,进一步以Bootstrap法构建中介效应ab的95%置信区间,结果提示中介效应显著(95%置信区间0.083~0.145),采用结构方程模型进行拟合优度检验也证明模型拟合良好(χ2=197.192、df=24、GFI=0.916、AGFI=0.842、CFI=0.921、NFI=0.911、RMSEA=0.119、SRMR=0.050)。结论:自尊在心理安全感与生活满意度间发挥了不可或缺的中介作用,是心理安全感对生活满意度作用间的重要中介过程。     

述情障碍观察量表中文版信度和效度研究

1973年 ,Sifneos[1] 首先提出述情障碍 (alexithymi a)一词 ,用于描述心身疾病患者“不能辨认、加工、调节情绪”的人格特征[2 ] 。述情障碍个体主要表现为 :在体验和表达情感方面存在困难 ,易焦虑 ,刻板、不灵活 ,退缩 ,缺乏想象力 ,拘于小节 ,循规蹈矩 ,缺乏洞悉感 ,不幽默 ,生活中缺乏个人价值感 ,焦虑和紧张主要通过躯体症状表现出来[3] 。述情障碍作为一种潜在的危险因素 ,使个体易患物质滥用、惊恐发作、躯体形式障碍、饮食障碍、创伤后应激障碍、抑郁、焦虑等疾病 ,并降低其临床疗效 ,因而临床上对述情障碍进行评估具有实用价值[2 ,…     

免疫比浊法测定体检人群胃蛋白酶原水平与年龄和性别的关系

目的分析健康体检人群的血清PG I、PGⅡ水平及PG I/II比值（PGR）与年龄和性别关系,并与胃镜检查结果比较及对验证PGI、PGII与PGR参考区间。方法采用免疫比浊法检测377名血清PG I和PGII水平并胃镜检查,分析影响PG水平的相关因素。结果消化性溃疡组血清PGI及PGII显著升高,PGR显著降低;萎缩性胃炎PGI显著降低,PGII升高,PGR显著降低。体检人群血清PGI和PGII水平男性高于总体水平;在18~75岁年龄段,随年龄增长,PGI和PGⅡ水平上升,PGI/PGⅡ比水平下降。结论健康体检人群中,消化性溃疡组血清PGI及PGII水平显著升高,PGR降低;萎缩性胃炎组PGI显著降低,PGII升高,PGR显著降低。血清PG水平与年龄、性别相关;联合测定血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ和PGR在健康人群胃部疾病筛查有重要意义。     

Dieting in Moderation: The Role of Dietary Restraint in the Relationship between Body Dissatisfaction and Psychological Well-being

This study demonstrates the substantial conceptual consequences in distinguishing a variable's role as a moderator as opposed to a mediator. In particular, the study investigates the role of dietary restraint in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and psychological well-being. Path analyses showed that, in addition to its mediating role, dietary restraint has a moderating role, such that there is a stronger relationship between body dissatisfaction and psychological well-being when dietary restraint is high than when dietary restraint is low. In contrast, gender had only a direct effect on weight dissatisfaction. It was concluded that the same processes occur for both men and for women, whereby it is the individuals who diet who suffer loss of psychological well-being.     

青少年神经质人格与抑郁的关系:移情的中介作用

目的:探讨移情及移情各因子在青少年神经质人格与抑郁症状关系中的中介作用。方法:采用随机整群抽样的方式,采用抑郁量表(CES-D)、神经质量表(FFIN)与移情量表(Empathy Scale)对合肥市两所学校的初中和高中共321名学生进行调查。结果:1青少年的抑郁症状与神经质人格、想象、个人忧伤均呈显著正相关(r=0.19~0.55,P0.01);2回归分析发现,神经质人格、想象、移情关注对抑郁有显著地预测作用(β=0.545,0.103,0.099;P0.05)。结论:想象和移情关注在神经质人格与抑郁症状之间起中介作用,中介效应分别占总效应的5.7%和3.1%。     

人格对工作满意度的影响:心流的中介效应和调节效应

目的:考察人格、工作满意度与心流三者之间的关系,探讨心流在人格对工作满意度的影响中的中介作用和调节作用。方法:以257名来源于山东省某制造业公司的员工为被试,采用大五人格量表、工作满意度量表和心流量表,进行描述性分析、相关分析和回归分析。结果:1相关分析表明,神经质与工作满意度负相关(r=-0.13,P0.05),开放性、宜人性与工作满意度负相关(r=-0.26,-0.30;P0.01),责任心与工作满意度正相关(r=0.31,P0.01),外倾性与心流正相关(r=0.16,P0.05),责任心与心流正相关(r=0.21,P0.01),开放性、宜人性与心流负相关(r=-0.26,-0.27;P0.01),心流与工作满意度正相关(r=0.71,P0.01);2回归分析发现,心流在开放性与工作满意度之间起完全中介作用,在宜人性与工作满意度之间起部分中介作用,在责任心与工作满意度之间起部分中介作用。心流在宜人性和工作满意度之间的调节作用显著(P0.05)。结论:心流在人格与工作满意度之间起着重要作用。     

The Role of Childhood Maltreatment in The Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Dissociation: A Novel Link

ABSTRACT

Children that have been maltreated may experience manifold negative effects later in life. Two such sequelae are social anxiety and dissociation. Recent studies have noted their frequent co-occurrence, but no hypothesis has yet been offered explaining how they interact. College undergraduates (N = 198) completed the Child Trauma Questionnaire, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. Social anxiety significantly predicted severity of dissociation, and self-reported childhood maltreatment (CM) significantly predicted both social anxiety and dissociation. Notably, emotional abuse was the only significant subtype of CM to predict social anxiety. Furthermore, CM moderated the relationship between social anxiety and dissociation, such that the presence of CM strengthened the predictive effect of social anxiety on dissociation. This study was the first to implicate CM as a mechanism in the social anxiety-dissociation relationship. This study was also the first to note a social anxiety-dissociation link in a non-clinical sample, thus demonstrating the existence of this relationship along a continuum of severity – not solely for those with extreme disturbances.     

父母教养方式与自我妨碍的关系:人格特质的中介作用

目的:探究父母教养方式与自我妨碍的关系,及人格特质的中介作用。方法:以180名大学生为被试,施测父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)、埃森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)、自我妨碍量表(SHS)。结果:1父母干涉惩罚拒绝与自我妨碍存在显著正相关(r=0.437,P0.01);2在父母干涉惩罚拒绝与自我妨碍之间,存在神经质的部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的30.2%;3在父母干涉惩罚拒绝与自我妨碍之间,存在着精神质的部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的5.9%。结论:父母干涉惩罚拒绝可以预测自我妨碍,其中神经质和精神质发挥着部分中介作用。     

Stimulus Specificity of Electrodermal Recovery Time: An Examination and Reinterpretation of The Evidence

Two experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that skin conductance response recovery time can be (a) independent of other electodermal measures and (b) responsive in particular stimulus manipulations when other measures of electrodermal activity are not Experiment I employed a reaction time task. The results indicated that recovery time discriminated between the warning and execution signals only when the number of responses in the intertrial interval and preparatory interval differed. For those subjects who responded only to the signals, the recovery lime was strongly correlated with the time since the previous response. In Experiment II each subject was presented three different stimulus conditions (mirror tracing, rest, and pressor). The recovery time did not discriminate between the stimulus conditions differently than other electrodermal measures. The results of these experiments suggest that the recovery time primarily reflects the amount of previous responding and is not independent of other electrodermal measures.     

大学生考试作弊行为意向与移情能力

目的探讨大学生移情能力与考试作弊行为意向之间的关系。方法运用大学生考试作弊行为意向问卷和移情问卷,对464名大学生进行问卷调查。结果①大学生考试作弊行为意向在性别(t=-4.877,P<0.00)和家庭所在地(t=-3.092,P<0.01)两个变量上存在显著差异;②移情与大学生考试作弊行为意向呈显著正相关(r=0.206,P<0.001);③不同移情能力的大学生在考试作弊行为意向存在显著差异(F=9.357,P<0.001);④移情对大学生考试作弊行为意向具有显著的正向预测作用。结论大学生移情能力对考试作弊行为有预测的作用,高校可以从培养大学生的移情能力来减少考试作弊的现象。