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1.
目的:研究Seldinger法心包穿刺持续导管引流治疗血性恶性心包积液的护理。方法:在二维超声引导下,应用鞘管和猪尾导管或4 ̄7F右心导管,采用Seldinger导管法为恶性心包积液患者行心包穿刺置管持续导管引流并向心包内注入化疗药物,同时给予患者全和猪尾导管患者全身化疗、局部放疗、支持治疗,并应用少量肝素和肝素帽保持引流管通畅,通过护理诊断加强对患者的健康宣教,使患者积极配合治疗及护理。结果:1  相似文献   

2.
心包穿刺置管引流治疗恶性心包积液8例的护理   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
目的:探讨心包穿刺置管引流治疗恶性心包积液的护理。方法:对8例恶性心包积液患者应用中心静脉导管进行心包穿刺并置管引流,加强术前护理、术中配合,置管后做好体位、留置导管、心理及生活方面的护理指导并密切观察病情。结果:8名患者无1例发生心包内继发感染和并发症。结论:心包穿刺置管引流是治疗恶性心包积液的安全有效的方法,护士应加强置管前后的观察和护理,以增进恶性心包积液患者的治疗效果,提高患者的生存质量。  相似文献   

3.
目的:评价Seldinger法穿刺心包留置中心静脉导管引流心包积液的临床疗效及安全性。方法:45例心包积液患者用Seldinger法经皮穿刺,留置中心静脉导管,进行引流、注射药物等治疗。结果:45例患者均安全置管引流,临床症状明显改善,未发生严重并发症。结论:Seldinger法穿刺心包留置中心静脉导管引流心包积液是安全、有效、方便的治疗方法。  相似文献   

4.
目的:探讨心包内置入中心静脉导管持续引流治疗心包积液的疗效及安全性.方法:48例大量心包积液患者应用二维超声定位穿刺点、并将中心静脉导管经皮穿刺置入心包内,间断或持续引流积液.结果:均一次穿刺成功,心包内顺利留置中心静脉导管引流,导管留置时间5h~12d,平均5.6 d;置管操作及留置过程中未发生与导管穿刺相关并发症,患者均好转出院.结论:心包穿刺置管引流是治疗心包积液的一种简便、有效的方法,可避免一次性抽液过多或反复穿刺所致的并发症,效果及安全性均优于常规心包穿刺术.  相似文献   

5.
目的:探讨Seldinger法心包穿刺置管引流心包积液的临床疗效及安全性。方法:对35例中、重度心包积液患者分别于剑突下,左第5、6肋间隙心浊音界内1.5 ̄2.0cm处,心尖部,以Seldinger法穿刺心包留置中心静脉导管,观察心包积液引流以及临床情况。结果:全部病例均一次性安全成功心包穿刺置管,后引流或间歇抽液,均取得满意效果。发生不良反应5例,其中1例死亡。结论:Seldinger法心包穿刺置管引流,治疗心包积液疗效确切,操作简单、方便,引流比较彻底,副反应少,安全性比较大,但操作时仍须大胆、细心,术中、术后注意观察。  相似文献   

6.
近年来恶性心包积液的发病率有不断增加的趋势 ,以往治疗主要采用反复心包穿刺引流或心包膜开窗术等方法 ,副反应较多。我科经过实践 ,对心包内化疗技术做了点小革新 ,实践证明 :其操作简便 ,疗效较好。1 物品准备静脉穿刺包 ,Seldinger大静脉导管 ,一次性三通管。2 方法B超检查确定穿刺部位。配置浓度为 1 2 5U/ ml的肝素生理盐水 ,将 Seldinger大静脉导管自带的穿刺针抽取肝素生理盐水 2 ml,并用肝素生理盐水冲洗导管。患者取 4 5℃斜卧位 ,以剑突与左肋缘交界处为穿刺点 ,常规消毒皮肤铺洞巾 ,以 2 %利多卡因 2 ml局麻成功后 ,持穿刺…  相似文献   

7.
目的:观察心包内留置中心静脉导管持续引流并注入铂类治疗恶性心包积液的疗效。方法:32例患者随机分为A、B两组,A组采用Seldinger技术将中心静脉导管置入心包腔内持续引流,B组常规穿刺抽液不留管,两组心包内都注入顺铂或卡铂。结果:A组16例中完全缓解加部分缓解共15例,有效率93.75%;B组16例中完全缓解加部分缓解共9例,有效率56.25%,两组间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=6.55,P=0.038)。结论:心包留置导管持续引流恶性心包积液安全、有效,同时注入顺铂或卡铂可减少心包积液形成的速度和量,有利于提高疗效。  相似文献   

8.
目的评价Seldinger法心包穿刺留置中心静脉导管(改良Seldinger法)引流心包积液的临床疗效及安全性。方法36例心包积液患者用Seldinge法经皮穿刺留置中心静脉导管引流。结果36例患者均安全置管引流,临床症状明显改善,未发生严重并发症。结论改良Seldinge法心包引流心包积液安全、有效。  相似文献   

9.
目的观察猪尾导管心包引流联合10F小导管胸腔引流或穿刺抽水治疗9例多发性浆膜腔炎的疗效。方法通过经皮猪尾导管心包引流救治心包填塞,并留置导管,多次腔内化疗治疗心包积液;经皮胸腔引流或穿刺抽水并局部化疗治疗双侧胸腔积液;肿瘤患者常规化疗控制肿瘤发展。结果9例重症多发性浆膜腔炎患者中,7例心包及胸腔积液均基本获得临床治愈(心包积液和胸腔积液基本消失并不再生长),临床治愈率77.8%,肌力及心功能恢复良好。恶性胸腔积液患者不但生存期延长6~12个月以上,而且,生存质量明显提高,实现生活自理;1例结核性多发性浆膜腔炎患者完全治愈;2例病情极重,未能完全控制心包积液而衰竭死亡。结论猪尾导管心包引流联合胸腔导管引流并化疗可治疗恶性或结核性多发性浆膜腔炎,方法可靠,可救治心包填塞,值得临床推广。  相似文献   

10.
目的:探讨经皮穿刺置管治疗心包积液患者的护理体会。方法:采用Seldinger法置管。结果:27例心包积液患者经皮穿刺置管术均穿刺成功,导管留置时间5~30d,平均10d。置管后2例出现穿刺处渗液,1例出现导管松脱。结论:Seldinger法置管治疗心包积液,操作简便安全,做好术前、术中、术后观察护理,使患者积极配合,可减少并发症的发生。  相似文献   

11.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

12.
目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

13.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.  相似文献   

18.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

20.
ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.  相似文献   

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