Giant papillary conjunctivitis: an overview.

Giant papillary conjunctivitis is a condition of the upper palpebral conjunctiva which has been associated with hard and soft contact lens wear. The condition is classified into four stages. The causes and course of therapy are discussed.     

Meibomian gland function and giant papillary conjunctivitis.

We examined 42 contact lens-wearing patients for clinical evidence of giant papillary conjunctivitis and for meibomian gland dysfunction with gland dropout. Fifteen patients were free of clinical signs and symptoms of giant papillary conjunctivitis, whereas 27 had clinical symptoms and evidence of giant papillary conjunctivitis. Patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis had significantly more gland dropout with an average of 0.6 +/- 1.2 gland absent in both lower eyelids compared with 0.2 +/- 0.4 gland absent in patients without giant papillary conjunctivitis. Additionally, the viscosity of meibomian gland excreta was greater in the giant papillary conjunctivitis group. There was no difference in tear osmolarity or in the Schirmer test results between the two groups. These results indicated patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis were more likely to have meibomian gland dysfunction with gland dropout than patients without giant papillary conjunctivitis.     

Giant papillary conjunctivitis: A review

Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC), which is characterized by the development of “giant” papillae on the superior tarsal conjunctiva, is a common complication in contact lens wearers. This condition can be associated with excessive mucus production, itching, blurry vision, and diminished contact lens tolerance. Risk factors for GPC include non-disposable lenses, infrequent lens replacement, long wearing time, inadequate lens hygiene, and atopy. Although the exact pathophysiology of GPC remains incompletely understood, it likely develops from the combination of mechanical trauma to the superior tarsal conjunctiva and an immunologic response by the conjunctiva to deposits on the anterior surface of the contact lens. With proper management, GPC has an excellent prognosis. In mild cases, prompt contact lens cessation is sufficient for the resolution of signs and symptoms. For more severe cases, the use of topical anti-histaminic agents is indicated. Uncommonly, topical steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, immunomodulatory medications, or very rarely surgery may be needed. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive review of the available literature on GPC, with an emphasis on recent findings and treatment advances for this common condition.     

Giant papillary conjunctivitis following cataract extraction

Out of a series of 600 cataract extractions, 14 patients were found to have giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) due to 10-0 nylon sutures. When renewed conjunctival irritation appears weeks or months after surgery, GPC should be suspected and confirmed by eversion of the upper eyelid at the slit lamp. Free edges of protruding corneoscleral nylon sutures should be looked for. Signs and symptoms of GPC disappear within one to four weeks after removal of the offending suture.     

睑板腺功能障碍研究进展

睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD)以睑板腺终末导管阻塞和睑板腺分泌物的质量或数量改变为特征.睑板腺分泌的脂质成分发生相应改变,造成泪膜的稳定性下降和泪液蒸发量增加,从而导致干眼发生.目前MGD的发病原因尚不明确,临床上采取的治疗往往是对症治疗.本文主要对MGD的泪膜脂质变化及其国内外诊治进展进行总结.     

Meibomian gland dysfunction in chronic blepharitis

We examined 57 patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis using meibomian gland expression, meibography, tear osmolarity, and the Schirmer's test. We also performed meibography on 20 normal patients free of chronic blepharitis. We found that 42 blepharitis patients (74%) had evidence of meibomian gland loss, whereas only four of 20 normal patients (20%) had any gland dropout. We performed cluster analysis on the data from the patients with blepharitis and found that these patients tended to fall into distinct groups with clinically relevant characteristics. We also found that tear osmolarity correlated positively with gland dropout (+0.413) and negatively with excreta volume (-0.499). This study demonstrates that an objective analysis of meibomian gland function may be used to assess chronic blepharitis and define subsets of blepharitis with measurable differences. It also supports the significance of meibomian gland dysfunction on tear osmolarity and the evaporative state of the eye.     

Giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with elevated corneal deposits.

A patient presented with central corneal scarring and neovascularization associated with elevated deposits that were shown to be keratin and calcium. Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) was noted at a corresponding location in the palpebral conjunctiva. The lid reaction resolved after the elevated corneal deposits were debrided. A rigid gas-permeable contact lens was then fitted for visual rehabilitation. Either foreign bodies or elevated corneal deposits may cause GPC.     

睑板腺功能障碍的相关危险因素

睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD)是一种慢性、弥漫性睑板腺异常,它通常以睑板腺终末导管的阻塞和(或)睑板腺分泌物质或量改变为特征.MGD的危险因素错综复杂.任何影响睑板腺功能的原因如局部因素、药物因素、全身情况、先天性因素等均可导致MGD,有时可能为众多危险因素综合作用的结果.临床工作中眼科医生应关注MGD相关危险因素,以便针对性治疗.     

睑板腺功能障碍的治疗进展

睑板腺功能障碍（meibomianglanddysfunction,MGD）是一种常见的眼表疾病,是多种睑板腺异常的总称,包括其结构异常和分泌物性质的异常,可引起眼睑炎症和泪液不稳定以及其他眼表疾病,其中最常见的病变是后部睑缘炎和脂质缺乏性（1ipidteardeficiency,LTD）干眼症。既往MGD的治疗主要为眼睑清洁、热敷、睑板腺按摩、营养治疗、激素以及抗生素应用等,近年来物理疗法、免疫调节、环境调节等治疗方法有了新的进展,抗生素的治疗机理研究也有新的发现。     

睑板腺功能障碍患者睑缘形态与睑板腺形态学的相关性研究

目的 研究睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）患者睑缘形态与睑板腺形态的相关性。设计 横断面研究。研究对象 2019年北京同仁医院行Lipiflow热脉冲治疗前的MGD患者30例（30眼）。方法 通过眼前节照相技术和Oculus眼表分析仪拍摄睑缘和睑板腺,并依据睑缘形态、睑板腺主体部形态、睑板腺开口和分泌物性状进行分类。睑缘形态分为肥厚、充血、角化和变形;睑板腺主体部形态分为缺失、白色节段、导管膨胀、萎缩、扭曲和分叉;睑板腺开口形态分为圆形、脂帽、脂塞和脂栓。依上述形态进行评分,运用Spearman相关分析研究睑缘形态与睑板腺形态的相关性。主要指标 睑缘及睑板腺形态评分,睑缘及睑板腺形态学相关系数（r）。结果 睑板腺开口形态与分泌物性状之间呈正相关（r=0.590,P=0.001）,睑板腺白色节段与睑板腺开口形态呈正相关（r=0.439,P=0.015）;睑板腺萎缩和分叉与睑板腺的分泌物性状呈负相关（r=-0.349,-0.374;P=0.048,0.042）。在睑缘形态中,睑缘角化的评分与睑缘形态总评分呈正相关,且相关关系最强（r=0.842,P＝0.000）;睑缘角化与睑板腺开口形态改变呈正相关（r=0.517,P=0.003）。在睑板腺形态中,睑板腺白色节段评分与睑板腺总评分呈正相关,且相关关系最强（r=0.535,P＝0.002）。结论 MGD患者睑缘形态与睑板腺形态部分存在相关关系。睑板腺白色节段作为睑板腺主体部的形态评估指标更为合理;睑缘角化作为睑缘的形态评估指标更为合理,且睑缘角化与睑板腺开口的形态改变相关。（眼科, 2020, 29： 355-360）     

Intraductal meibomian gland probing and its efficacy in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of dry eye, affecting millions worldwide. Intraductal meibomian gland probing (MGP) aims to open obstructed meibomian glands using a small probe to promote meibum secretion. MGP has received increasing interest since 2010, and we critically evaluated the literature on the efficacy and safety of MGP. Despite positive results of MGP on dry eye symptoms in early single-group studies, MGP was not shown to consistently outperform controls in later controlled trials. Furthermore, MGP alone did not show improvement beyond placebo in the only placebo-controlled RCT conducted. Overall, the procedure appears safe. Self-limited intraoperative bleeding was frequent, but no major complications were reported. In conclusion, MGP has not yet been shown to be an effective treatment for MGD. Larger placebo-controlled trials need to be conducted to establish the potential effect of this novel treatment modality.     

Giant papillary conjunctivitis from an exposed prolene suture

We document an example of unilateral giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) following division of a fine-gauge prolene suture employed several months earlier to close a cataract incision. Release of surgically induced astigmatism required relaxation of the suture. The conjunctival response abated with removal of the retained suture fragments. The conjunctival reaction was biopsied and shown to be similar histopathologically to that seen in GPC associated with vernal conjunctivitis and contact lens wear.     

提高对睑板腺功能障碍的认识 重视睑板腺功能障碍相关性干眼的药物治疗

睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）是临床常见的眼表疾病,以睑板腺终末导管的阻塞和／或睑板腺分泌物质或量的改变为特征,导致脂质向泪膜的排出减少,引起泪液蒸发过强。睑缘和睑板腺的炎症是引起睑板腺阻塞,进而导致MGD的直接原因,可引起眼表功能的异常。MGD的诊断主要依靠临床症状与体征,其症状与干眼的症状相似,因此无诊断特异性。体征主要包括睑缘形态的变化、睑板腺分泌异常和睑板腺缺失。MGD的治疗方法包括热敷、清洁睑缘、促进睑板腺的分泌、抗菌、抗炎治疗及润滑眼表,中度、重度MGD患者可给予必要的抗炎治疗,常用的抗炎药物有糖皮质激素、非甾体类抗炎药及免疫抑制剂。临床医师在进行眼部疾病的检查时应重视睑板腺的功能状态,尤其在角膜屈光手术及内眼手术前更应重视MGD的筛查,以免术后引起严重的眼表并发症,有效规避医疗风险。     

Giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with an ocular prosthesis

A case of giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with the wearing of an ocular prosthesis is described. Potential causes and treatment regimens are briefly reviewed.