手部烧伤后重度虎口挛缩虎口重建术

自１９８９年２月～１９９５年３月，对２３例手部烧伤后重度虎口挛缩行瘢痕切除及虎口开大后，选用带旋髂浅血管蒂的腹股沟皮瓣移植重建虎口，术后均取得了满意效果。虎口挛缩的程度为０°～２５°。虎口开大后达８０°～９０°。虎口区瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损最小８ｃｍ×５ｃｍ，最大１２ｃｍ×６ｃｍ，平均１０ｃｍ×５ｃｍ。皮瓣切取面积最小１４ｃｍ×７ｃｍ，最大１８ｃｍ×８ｃｍ，平均１６ｃｍ×７ｃｍ。术后皮瓣断蒂时间为２～３周，２３例皮瓣均完全成活。对重度虎口挛缩应用带旋髂浅血管蒂的腹股沟皮瓣移植重建虎口是一种简单易行、成功率高的方法。因其具有供区部位隐蔽，皮肤质量好，不损伤肢体重要血管及可早期断蒂等优点，极易被患者接受。     

颏胸瘢痕粘连畸形的显微外科治疗

目的：探讨颏胸瘢痕粘连畸形应用显微外科治疗的临床效果。方法：１９８２年以来，应用前臂皮瓣、胸脐皮瓣、侧胸皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复颏胸瘢痕粘连畸形１３例，皮瓣面积最大１６ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ、最小９ｃｍ×１５ｃｍ。结果：除１例胸脐皮瓣远端部分（２ｃｍ×３ｃｍ）坏死经全厚皮片移植愈合外其余１２例均全部成活，皮瓣质地优良，外形佳，颏颈角及颈部达到较理想的形态与功能恢复。结论：颏胸瘢痕粘连畸形应用显微外科治疗能取得较好的临床效果。     

带皮下脂肪皮片游离移植临床应用30例

带皮下脂肪皮片游离移植临床应用３０例王中平，张柯，刘通芳１９８９年～１９９３年，我科应用带１～３ｍｍ厚度皮下脂肪皮片游离移植修复体表皮肤缺损３０例。男２４例，女６例。年龄１～５２岁。其中９例急诊手外伤皮肤缺损，面积４．８ｃｍ×２．５ｃｍ～１ｃｍ×１ｃ...     

感觉神经植入对中厚皮片感觉的影响

自１９９５年６月以来,我们为６例接了带神经皮瓣移植术后,皮瓣供区中厚皮片感觉恢复不佳者施行了感觉神经植入术。分别于术后３、６、１２个月进行感觉检测,效果较好。作者单位５１８０２９　广东省深圳市红十字会医院骨科手外组临床资料本组男１例,女５例。年龄１９～２８岁。皮片移植原因：带神经皮瓣切取后的供区创面。其中足背４例,小腿２例。取皮片区为大腿者３例,腹部３例。皮片厚度０６～０８ｍｍ。皮片移植术后时间１年～３年８个月,平均１年６个月。皮片面积５ｃｍ×３８ｃｍ～１０ｃｍ×９５ｃｍ。神经植入术后时…     

带皮神经伴行血管蒂轴型岛状皮瓣解剖与临床运用

目的：带皮神经伴行血管蒂轴型岛状皮瓣的解剖和修复四肢软组织临床应用探讨。方法：对１５ 例四肢不同部位软组织缺损,采用前臂外侧皮神经,尺桡神经浅支,隐神经,腓肠神经等带皮神经血管蒂皮瓣,顺行、逆行或交腿转移修复。皮瓣面积最大１４ｃｍ ×８ｃｍ ,最小４ｃｍ ×３ｃｍ 。对２ 个小腿标本进行解剖与血管造影研究。结果：１２ 例全部成活,２ 例部分坏死,１ 例失败;随访皮瓣质地满意。结论：此类皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损,切取方便,可旋转,多向移植,血供可靠。     

小腿全周径瘢痕合并跟腱挛缩的修复

１９８８年４月～１９９５年７月,收治小腿全周径瘢痕合并跟腱挛缩５例。采用健侧足背带血管蒂岛状皮瓣桥式转移和同侧足背带血管岛状皮下隧道移位修复。疗效满意,报告如下。１　临床资料１１　一般资料本组５例,男性。年龄６～１０岁。左侧２例,右侧３例。其中烧伤４例,汽车辗压伤１例。１例瘢痕累及月国窝,合并膝关节屈曲挛缩３０°;２例合并足背片状瘢痕,无挛缩。５例均有跟腱挛缩,踝关节伸屈运动范围为０°。病程９个月～６年。局部瘢痕切除跟腱延长后皮肤缺损范围７ｃｍ×５ｃｍ～９ｃｍ×６ｃｍ。４例采用健侧足背带血管蒂…     

带隐动脉蒂皮瓣修复儿童膝与足踝皮肤缺损

目的：回顾性分析用带隐动脉蒂皮瓣修复儿童同侧膝或对侧足踝皮肤缺损的效果。方法：从１９９０年９月～１９９４年６月重庆医科大学儿童医院收治３～１２岁儿童９例，７例是车祸引起皮肤广泛撕脱后瘢痕挛缩，２例是蚊咬伤及骨牵引后引起皮肤坏死。其中膝部１例，足踝部８例，皮瓣面积１１ｃｍ×４ｃｍ～１４ｃｍ×８ｃｍ。血管蒂长４～８ｃｍ，同侧转移１例，交腿转移８例。结果：７例一期愈合，１例远端１／５坏死，１例绿脓杆菌感染，换药后愈合，随访３月～４年术区外形良好。结论：此皮瓣比较薄，供瓣面积大，血管解剖恒定，血管蒂可长达１５ｃｍ，不牺牲主干血管，而皮瓣最长为１４ｃｍ。皮瓣有感觉，术后功能与外观良好，特别适用于儿童膝窝及足踝部深部外伤皮肤缺损的修复，同侧和对侧均可用此皮瓣修复。     

双侧颈胸跨区供血皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕挛缩

为了探讨跨区颈胸皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形的临床效果，１９８３年～１９９５年，应用双侧颈胸跨区供血皮瓣６６个，修复颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形３３例，皮瓣面积最小５ｃｍ×６ｃｍ，最大８．５ｃｍ×１５ｃｍ。皮瓣转移后的供区用中厚皮片覆盖。术后５９个皮瓣完全成活，７个皮瓣小区域坏死，愈合后不影响功能及外形。详细介绍了双侧颈胸跨区供血皮瓣的手术方法。对该皮瓣的优点、应用解剖及术后注意事项进行了讨论。认为，在颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形修复中，应将皮肤缺损分为颏下区、颈前区、胸前区三个分区，并根据分区的特点进行修复。     

76例面部Ⅲ度烧伤的外科手术治疗

我科１９８６～１９９６年共收治不同原因面部深度烧伤７６例，分别应用面部分区游离皮片移植整张皮片移植、吻合血管游离皮瓣移植及早期切痂皮片移植，收到不同临床效果。１．临床资料：本组７６例，男５０例占６５８，女２６例占３４２％；年龄１２～５７岁，平均年...     

双侧颈胸跨区供血皮瓣修复颈部颜痕挛缩

为了探讨跨区颈胸皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形的临床效果，１９８３年－１９９５年，应用双侧颈胸跨区供血皮瓣６６个，修复颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形３３例，皮瓣面积最小５ｃｍ×６ｃｍ，最大８．５ｃｍ×１５ｃｍ。皮瓣转移后的供区中厚皮片覆盖。     

蒂部潜移法增加V-Y筋膜皮瓣的推进距离

目的:为修复上肢中小创面提供一种V-Y推进皮瓣。方法:在邻近创面的健康皮肤,依纵行的筋膜皮下血管丛方向设计V-Y筋膜皮瓣,通过对蒂部在深筋膜下间隙及皮下疏松组织中不同层次的潜行分离,既增加了皮瓣的推进距离,又不影响皮瓣的血供基础。结果:临床修复上肢创面6例,皮瓣面积为3cm×4cm~5cm×8cm,推进距离2.5cm~5.0cm,均完全成活。结论:皮瓣蒂部潜移法能安全有效地增加V-Y筋膜皮瓣的推进距离,是修复中小面积创面的较好方法。     

皮神经营养血管组织瓣的临床应用原则与命名

目的 探讨皮神经营养血管组织瓣的临床应用原则，并提出新的命名方法。方法 总结皮神经营养血管组织瓣的解剖研究和临床经验。结果 皮神经多与皮静脉伴行，在其周围均存在丰富的链式吻合血管丛，显著增加了这类组织瓣的血供。临床以远端(31例)或近端(3例)为蒂，在前臂(26例)和小腿(8例)切取带皮神经和皮静脉营养血管的岛状筋膜皮瓣(20例)和筋膜皮下组织瓣(14例)共34例，长宽比例2．7～5．1：1，平均3．5：1，完全成活。结论 带皮神经营养血管的组织瓣是传统筋膜皮瓣和筋膜皮下组织瓣的特殊范例，临床应用应遵循一定的原则。     

带膝上外侧动脉蒂逆行股前外侧岛状皮瓣和肌皮瓣临床应用

目的：报道带膝上外侧动脉蒂逆行股前外侧皮瓣修复膝关节周围组织缺损的结果。方法：应用股前外侧皮瓣和肌皮瓣逆行转移修复膝关节周围缺损，该皮瓣以膝上外侧动脉为蒂，通过膝上外则动脉与旋股外侧动脉降支之间的吻合支营养股前外侧皮瓣，血供丰富。皮瓣大小１２～１５ｃｍ×３～７ｃｍ，供区均原位缝合，结果：修复膝关节周围缺损４例，小腿淋巴水肿桥接淋巴通道１例，皮瓣均成活。术后外形及功能恢复良好。结论：作者认为该皮瓣是膝关节周围组织缺损修复较为理想的方法。     

Distally based perforator flaps for reconstruction of post-traumatic defects of the lower leg and foot. A review of the anatomy and clinical outcomes

Study aims

To report the surgical anatomy of the perforator arteries at the lower leg, analyse clinical outcomes in previous studies, and forward methodological recommendations for future studies of post-traumatic perforator flap reconstructions.

Methods

A study sample of 640 human patients drawn from 24 clinical reports was included for review. The sample comprised of four subsets: sural flap reconstructions (n = 257), saphenous flaps (n = 122), supramalleolar flaps (n = 92), and propeller flaps (n = 169).

Results

Statistical analysis of samples from anatomical studies documents significant differences in the perforator distribution from the tibial and peroneal artery; peroneal perforator arteries are randomly organised whereas tibial artery perforators are clustered at three definite levels. The failure rates in clinical studies ranged from 0% to 6%, being lowest for supramalleolar flap reconstructions and highest for saphenous flaps; however, differences between the four subsets were not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Due to methodological flaws, outcome comparisons in the actual study sample should be interpreted cautiously; in most clinical studies both risk variables and outcome indicators are poorly defined. The outcome of Dynamic Infrared Thermography imaging of post-transposition changes of flap perfusion is reported.

Summary

Fasciocutaneous perforator flaps seem to have high survival rates and represent a feasible approach to post-traumatic reconstructions, especially in low-resource settings. A template for data gathering is recommended for higher accuracy in future comparative studies, and for scientific analysis of success and risk factors. New imaging techniques indicate a promising potential of micro-circular angiogenesis during the first two weeks after flap transpose.     

小腿前外侧的皮瓣及筋膜瓣的临床应用

目的介绍小腿前外侧的皮瓣筋膜瓣的应用解剖、手术方式、方法及临床应用。方法在14侧成人下肢标本及1条断腿上,观察了腓浅血管的起始部位、行程及皮支的分布情况,设计了小腿前外侧组织瓣的4种术式。1988年以来,临床应用26例。结果术后皮瓣筋膜瓣全部成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合23例,Ⅱ期愈合3例,20例随访4个月到5年,情况稳定良好,无复发。结论手术操作简单、安全可靠,对供区影响小,是修复小腿及对侧踝及跟部后方创面及治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎的一种可供选用的方法。     

The medial femoral trochlea flap with a monitor skin island—Report of two cases

In this report, we present two cases of the bony reconstruction with the medial trochlea (MFT) flap including a skin island that was used to monitor the perfusion of flap in the postoperative period. Between March 2013 and April 2015, we performed surgery on two patients who suffered from scaphoid and talus non‐union after trauma and initial treatment by osteosynthesis. A skin island (1 cm × 1 cm and 3 cm × 1 cm, respectively) was included with the osseous flap (1.6 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm and 2 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm, respectively) to assess the perfusion of the flap. The design of the skin island was based on either the saphenous artery perforator or a cutaneous perforator of the descending genicular artery. Both flaps remained viable throughout the postoperative period, and there were no donor site complications. After a follow‐up of 36 and 11 months, bony union was observed in both patients with a high degree of satisfaction. Thus, a MFT flap with a skin island could be a tool to assess the perfusion of the flap in the early postoperative period. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:431–435, 2017.     

带蒂组织瓣转移手术修复肢体软组织缺损35例分析

目的　分析带蒂组织瓣转移手术修复肢体软组织缺损创面的疗效。方法　选择肌瓣、岛状皮瓣、岛状肌皮瓣转移 ,直接修复缺损或转移肌瓣表面植皮覆盖。结果　 2 9例慢性骨髓炎和 6例外伤后软组织缺损创面 ,肌瓣、岛状皮瓣、岛状肌皮瓣转移修复疗效满意。结论　带有营养血管的肌瓣、皮瓣肌皮瓣转移手术 ,一期修复肢体创伤、骨髓炎等所致的骨缺损腔及软组织缺损创面 ,效果好 ,因不需吻合血管 ,手术相对简单 ,临床使用安全。     

Soft tissue reconstruction of theupper extremity

Soft tissue coverage of the upper extremity requires careful analysis of each defect by the surgeon to establish an appropriate plan for reconstruction. Each anatomic area of the upper extremity has unique reconstructive requirements. Also, patient characteristics including age, compliance, and medical history play a role in the management of upper extremity wounds. The surgeon must incorporate all of these elements to select a suitable reconstructive option that will maximize function and aesthetics as well as minimize morbidity.     

Distally-based superficial sural flap: Advantages of the adipofascial over the fasciocutaneous flap

Abstract

The distally-based superficial sural flap has proved to be an easy and reliable method of reconstruction in soft tissue cover of the distal third part of the leg. There are two ways to prepare this flap: as a fasciocutaneous flap, which includes the fascia with the subcutaneous tissue including the skin; or as an adipofascial flap, which is made up of both the fascia and the subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the latter case, the flap is covered with a partial thickness skin graft either immediately after or at a later stage. The aim of this study was to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the two flaps. The adipofascial flap seems to be better, as it is associated with less donor site morbidity, improved quality of reconstruction, and fewer complications.