血清中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物在女性乳腺癌诊断中的应用

近年来,在我国京津沪地区,乳腺癌发病率已居于妇女恶性肿瘤首位川.研究表明,癌细胞在浸润转移的过程中存在着细胞外基质(extracellularmatrix,ECM)和基底膜成分被相关蛋白酶溶解的活动,纤溶酶原激活在ECM水解过程中起重要作用.     

uPA系统与神经胶质瘤局部侵袭

uPA系统包括尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（urokinase plasminogen activator, uPA）、 尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体（urokinase plasminogen activation receptor, uPAR）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI),它们参与了多种人类恶性肿瘤的局部侵袭和转移,是目前肿瘤治疗重要的分子靶点。uPA能激活纤溶酶原降解细胞外基质与基底膜,uPAR则能显著提升uPA的激活纤溶酶原的功能,两者结合能够增强肿瘤的侵袭性与转移能力。PAI主要通过促进血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）的表达,促进新生血管的形成,从而促进肿瘤的局部侵袭,但PAI又可通过抑制uPA-uPAR复合体的生物学活性来抑制肿瘤的局部侵袭。神经胶质瘤是最常见的颅内肿瘤,很少转移到颅外,局部侵袭是其预后不良的主要原因。近年来发现uPA系统的表达水平与神经胶质瘤的恶性程度呈正相关。本文综述了uPA系统对神经胶质瘤局部侵袭的影响及其在治疗中的意义。     

uPA/uPAR/PAI与消化系统肿瘤

消化系统肿瘤在我国的肿瘤发病率中占第1位.从尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, uPAR)首次被描述为尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(urokinase plasminogen activator, uPA)链的细胞表面高亲和性激活剂以来,越来越受到研究者的关注.研究表明:uPA,uPAR及尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI)与消化系统肿瘤侵袭和转移密切相关.本文对uPA,uPAR及PAI与胃癌、食管癌、结肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌等侵袭与转移的关系进行综述.     

uPA与NF-κB p65在乳腺癌组织表达的相关性研究及临床病理意义

目的：探讨尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（uPA ）基因与NF-κB p65在乳腺癌组织表达的相关性及临床病理意义。方法：采用实时荧光定量PCR法（FQ-PCR）检测了46例乳腺癌及其正常组织中的uPA mRNA（单位:2-△△Ct）及免疫组化检测NF-κB p65的表达。结果：乳腺癌 组织中均可检测到uPA mRNA表达，以2-△△Ct≥2为阳性标准，63％（29/46例）的乳 腺癌中uPA基因表达阳性；T/A 2-△△Ct值在不同NF-κB表达状态、肿瘤最大径及淋 巴结阳性数分组中，差异显著，P值分别为＜0.01和＜0.05；进一步经相关分析显示 ，uPA基因表达值与NF-κB表达状态、肿瘤最大径相关，r分别为0.451、0.512，均 P＜0.01；在患者年龄、肿瘤组织学类型及有无远处转移分组中，uPA基因表达未发现显 著性差异。结论：乳腺癌组织中uPA mRNA含量明显增高，并且与NF-κB 表达、肿瘤大小及淋巴结阳性数目有关。     

uPA和PAI-1在肺纤维化中的作用

慢性炎症和纤维化疾病都以炎性细胞和介质的聚集为特征 ,并且细胞外基质及纤溶酶系统均有明显的改变。目前发现 ,纤溶酶原激活系统的改变是肺纤维化发展中一个非常关键的环节。研究表明各种肺纤维化患者的支气管灌洗液 (BAL)中纤溶酶原活性受到的损害往往是由于尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物 (uPA)缺失 ,以及纤溶酶原激活因子抑制物 1(PAI 1)表达增加所致。     

肝癌细胞株雌二醇与uPAR表达的关系

目的 观察人肝癌BEL-7402细胞株中雌二醇与uPAR表达的关系。方法 将肝癌BEL-7402细胞株培养于不同浓度雌二醇的培养液中，培养24h、48h及72h后收集各组细胞。通过免疫组化实验，检测各组细胞uPAR的表达。结果 雌二醇作用后的BEL-7402细胞uPAR表达的阳性率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 雌二醇可促进肝癌BEL-7402细胞株uPAR的表达。     

存活素和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂在人胰腺癌组织中的表达意义及相关性分析

目的分析存活素(Survivin)和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(u PA)在人胰腺癌中的表达及两者之间的相关性。方法采用免疫组化PV法检测原发性胰腺癌组织(63例)及癌旁非肿瘤胰腺组织(11例)中Survivin和u PA的表达,分析两者间表达的相关性及与胰腺癌临床病理特征的关系。结果 63例胰腺癌组织中Survivin和u PA阳性率分别为69.8%(44/63)、65.1%(41/63),11例癌旁非肿瘤胰腺组织中均无表达,Survivin和u PA表达呈正相关(r=0.389,P0.050),两者与胰腺癌TNM分期、分化程度及淋巴结转移均有关(P均0.05)。结论 Survivin和u PA在胰腺癌组织中的表达呈正相关,两者表达上调在胰腺癌的发生、发展、侵袭和转移中起重要作用。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体及可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体与炎症相关的研究进展

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体（urokinase plasminogen activator receptor,uPAR）与尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（urokinase plasminogen activator,uPA）同为纤溶酶原激活系统的主要成员,是一种协调多种信号转导途径的多功能分子,可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体（soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor,suPAR）是其可溶形式。除凝血-纤溶以外,uPAR参与了肿瘤侵袭及炎症等多种疾病过程,而suPAR可能是一种良好的炎性标志物。本文就uPAR及suPAR在炎症中的作用进行简要综述。     

肝癌组织浸液尿激酶型和组织型纤溶酶原激活物的检测

一些研究表明体液中的尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(urokinasetypeplasminogenactivator,u PA)和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体 (uokinasetypeplasminogenactivatorreceptor,u PAR )浓度与癌细胞自身分泌和释放的水平及其浸润转移有关 ,而组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (tissueplasminogenactivator,t PA)则与癌组织血管内皮细胞的释放和血管新生有关 ,组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 (Tissueplasminogenactivatorinhibitor 1,PAI 1)则对t PA和u PA起调控作用 ,同时参与癌细胞的转移等过程[1 ,2 ] 。为探讨癌生长和癌扩散转移及血管新生与上述指标之间的…     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血PAI-1和uPA含量的变化

目的观察多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者外周血纤溶酶原激活抑制物1(PAI-1)和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)的水平。方法实验分PCOS组和对照组,PCOS组又分为肥胖组和正常体重组,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定PCOS组与对照组患者血浆PAI-1及血清uPA水平,并测定体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素及胰岛素释放试验(IRT),以稳态模型公式评估胰岛素抵抗(IR),并计算胰岛素曲线下面积(AUC)。结果PCOS组与对照组相比,黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素(LH/FSH)、睾酮(T)、空腹血糖、稳态(HOMA)指数、AUC及PAI-1含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。其中,PCOS肥胖组与正常体重组相比,HOMA指数、AUC及PAI-1含量也显著升高(P<0.05)。在相关性分析中,PAI-1与HOMA指数、PAI-1与AUC、PAI-1与BMI、HOMA-IR与BMI均有显著相关性(P<0.0001)。结论胰岛素抵抗和肥胖是影响PCOS患者PAI-1水平升高的一个很重要因素,抗PAI-1的研究可能为多囊卵巢综合征的治疗提供一个新的方法。     

胃癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂及其受体基因表达和临床意义

目的：研究尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｕＰＡ）及其特异受体（ｕＰＡＲ）与胃癌的关系及其在胃癌浸润转移中的作用。方法：采用ｃＤＮＡ－ｍＲＡＮ原位分子杂交技术,分别检测了６４例胃癌及其癌旁组织中ｕＰＡ和ｕＰＡＲｍＲＮＡ表达情况,同时结合病人的临床生物学指征进行分析。结果：癌与癌周比较,ｕＰＡ和ｕＰＡＲｍＲＮＡ阳性表达率明显升高,Ｐ〈０．００１。在伴有淋巴结转移的病例中,ｕＰＡ和ｕＰＡＲ阳性例数分别为１９／２９和２４／２９,与无转移的１０／３５和１３／３５相比,Ｐ分别〈０．０１和〈０．００１。在浸润到肌层、浆膜层的病例中ｕＰＡ和ｕＰＡＲ阳性例数分别为２５／３８和３０／３８,与浸润到粘膜和粘膜下层的４／２６例和７／２６相比,Ｐ均〈０．００１。在ｕＰＡ和ｕＰＡＲ同时阳性的病例中,伴有淋巴结转移和浸润到肌层以下的分别占１５／２     

乳腺Paget病细胞角蛋白-8、c-erbB-2、雌激素受体和孕激素受体的表达及意义

目的探讨乳腺Paget病中细胞角蛋白-8(CK-8)、c-erbB-2、雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR)的表达及意义。方法对12例乳腺paget病组织进行免疫组织化学染色,检测CK-8、c-erbB-2、ER、PR在Paget细胞与同一例深部癌组织中表达的异同。结果Paget细胞CK-8表达阳性率为100%、c-erbB-2表达阳性率为91.67%,而ER、PR表达阳性率为16.67%。CK-8、c-erbB-2、ER及PR中每一标记物在Paget细胞和同一病例深部癌组织中阳性表达一致。结论乳腺Paget病内Paget细胞来源于乳腺深部存在的导管内癌或浸润性导管癌,是深部癌细胞在表皮内的扩散。     

Prognostic factors in patients with metastatic breast cancer at the time of diagnosis

Approximately 90% of breast cancer mortality is due to metastases that are resistant to adjuvant therapies. Thus, assessment of factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with advanced breast cancer is of significant importance. Despite the recent improvement in early detection, between 5 and 10% of breast cancer patients are diagnosed with metastasis at initial presentation or, rarely, before the primary breast cancer has been identified. These patients typically have poorer survival outcomes compared to those who develop distant metastasis subsequently. Yet, the prognostic relevance in these patients has not been intensively explored. In this study, we analyzed breast cancer patients with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis between 1997 and 2010 (n = 194) to identify the clinicopathological factors significant for overall survival. By univariate analysis, race, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor status were significantly associated with overall survival, while race and ER remained independent factors in multivariate analysis. Being Caucasian and overexpressing of ER both showed a significantly decreased hazard of death (P = 0.015 and 0.017, respectively). Reflecting these findings, the overall survival differed significantly between breast subtypes, with the luminal subtype and triple negative disease being associated with the longest and worst survival, respectively. Further, multi-organ involvement was associated with a worse prognosis than those with single organ metastasis, whereas no significant difference in survival was found between the different anatomic sites (bone, viscera and brain). Our findings suggest that it is predominantly the intrinsic nature of the tumor along with the genetic makeup of the patient that predicts the prognostic outcome in those patients with advanced disease at presentation.     

Expression of BRCA1 protein in breast cancer and its prognostic significance

BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene which, when mutated, is associated with the development of hereditary breast cancers. In sporadic tumors, although inherent gene mutations are rare, loss of BRCA1, resulting from reduced expression or incorrect subcellular localization, is postulated to be important. The purpose of the current study was to examine the expression and localization of BRCA1 protein and to assess its prognostic value, in a well-characterized series of unselected breast carcinomas. We have examined BRCA1 in a series of invasive breast carcinoma (1940 cases) using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, to evaluate its expression pattern and to correlate this with clinicopathologic variables and patient outcome. In breast cancer, complete loss of nuclear expression was observed in 223 cases (15%) and cytoplasmic expression was found in 541 breast cancers (36.6%). Absent or reduced nuclear BRCA1 expression was observed more frequently in ductal carcinoma of no special type and medullary-like carcinoma and less frequently in lobular and tubular mixed carcinomas. It was also associated with high-grade, advanced lymph node stage, larger size, vascular invasion, negative estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and androgen receptor expression, and positive p53 and P-cadherin expression, and with the basal-like class of breast cancer. Altered BRCA1 was associated with shorter disease-free interval. Cytoplasmic expression was also associated with development of recurrence and positive EGFR and HER2 expression. It showed an inverse association with survival particularly in low-grade, small-size, and estrogen receptor-positive subgroups. In the grade 1 subgroup, multivariate analysis with adjustment for other prognostic factors showed that cytoplasmic expression of BRCA1 was an independent predictor of disease-free interval. BRCA1 alteration may play a significant role in the development and progression of breast cancer. Immunohistochemical assessment of BRCA1 expression could provide additional clinically relevant information in routine classification of breast cancer.     

Changes in ER,PR and HER2 receptors status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer

Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in breast cancer. Our aim was to investigate whether NAC induces some selective change in the breast biomarkers.     

瘦素受体在乳腺癌中的表达及其与乳腺癌相关基因的相关性分析

Objective To study the expression levels of leptin receptor（LEPR） in breast cancer cell lines, normal breast samples and malignant breast cancer samples, and to analyze the expression correlation between LEPR and estrogen receptor（ER）, E-cadherin（E-Cad）, c-Myc and cyclin D1 in order to provide mechanism clues for obesiety associated breast cancer. Methods Using RT-PCR and Western blotting, we examined the expression of LEPR in different breast cancer cell lines. The expression level of LEPR was analyzed by RT-PCR in 5 paired breast samples. In the meanwhile, The expression of LEPR, ER, E-Cad, c-Myc and cyclin D1 was analyzed using realtime PCR in 45 breast cancer samples and 15 normal breast samples. The correlation was analyzed between the expression of LEPR and the expression of ER, E-Cad, c-Myc and cyclin D1 using SPSS statistic software. Results LEPR mRNA and protein were expressed in all breast cancer cell lines tested in this study. The expression of LEPR in the breast cancer samples was higher than in the paired adjacent normal breast tissues. With the statistic analysis, the expression of LEPR was correlated with expression of ER in both normal and malignant breast samples. LEPR expression was also close correlated with E-Cad and c-Myc expression in the breast cancer samples, but not with cyclin D1 expression. Conclusion LEPR expresses in breast cancer cell lines. Compared to the normal breast tissues, the expression of LEPR in breast c