2 型糖尿病与正常人群中肾上腺素能受体基因Trp 6 4Arg多态性表型特征

目的　研究中国人群 β3 肾上腺素能受体基因 Trp64 Arg错义突变频率 ,并了解该突变对 2型糖尿病临床特征的影响。方法　应用 PCR RFLP技术检测了相互间无一级亲属关系的 12 4例 2型糖尿病患者及 13 8例非糖尿病对照人群中 β3 肾上腺素能受体基因 Trp64 Arg错义突变 ;同时检查体重指数、腰臀比例、血压 ,测定血脂及 OGTT或馒头餐试验中 0分钟及 12 0分钟血糖及胰岛素。结果　非糖尿病人群中 Trp64 Arg等位基因频率为 0 17;突变频率在糖尿病与非糖尿病之间相比无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;突变与否间上述临床特征相比无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　该突变至少在其杂合子型可能不是中国人散发 2型糖尿病的主要决定因素 ;纯合子突变型可能导致 2型糖尿病早发 ,有待今后积累资料深入研究。     

β3肾上腺素能受体基因Trp64Arg多态性与蒙古族原发性高血压病相关性分析

目的检测蒙古族原发性高血压人群中β3肾上腺素能受体基因Trp64Arg多态性,探讨其与蒙古族人群原发性高血压病(EH)和其他心血管病危险因素的关系。方法应用PCR技术检测原发性高血压病患者102例,健康体检者93例。比较两组Trp64Arg突变基因型和临床特征。结果高血压病组与对照组β3-AR基因突变频率两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),基因Trp64Arg突变者的体质量指数显著高于正常基因型(P<0.05),突变者在三酰甘油、血糖、胰岛素、尿酸方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Trp64Arg基因突变可能不是蒙古族原发性高血压病发生的决定因素,但该基因变异可能与肥胖、脂代谢、糖代谢等危险因素有关。     

2型糖尿病与正常人群中β3肾上腺素能受体基因Trp64Arg多态？…

目的 研究中国人群β３肾上腺素能受体基因Ｔｒｐ６４Ａｒｇ错义突变频率,并了解该突变对２型糖尿病临床特征的影响。方法 应用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ技术检测了相互间无一级亲属关系的１２４例２型糖尿病患者及１３８例非糖尿病对照试验中０分钟及１２０分钟血糖及胰岛素。结果 非糖尿病人群中Ｔｒｐ６４Ａｒｇ等位基因频率为０．１７,突变频率在糖尿病与非糖尿病裸上比无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）;突变与否这临床特征相比无显著     

中国北方汉族人2型糖尿病合并冠心病与KIF6基因Trp719Arg多态性的相关性

目的探讨中国北方汉族人群KIF6基因Trp719Arg多态性基因型和等位基因频率分布特点,及与2型糖尿病(DM)合并冠心病(CHD)的关联性。方法采用病例对照研究设计,应用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术分析了对照组(152例)、DM组(97例)、DM+CHD组(76例)KIF6基因Trp719Arg多态性;比较组间基因型和等位基因频率分布差异,研究基因多态性对血糖、血脂水平的影响。结果中国北方汉族人群Trp719Arg多态性TT、TC、CC基因型频率分别为0.281、0.499与0.220。T、C等位基因频率分别为0.531与0.469。KIF6基因Trp719Arg多态性基因型和等位基因频率组间分布差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。KIF6基因Trp719Arg多态性对血糖、血脂水平无显著影响。Logistic回归分析显示,高血压、年龄(≥60岁)、低HDL-C水平(<1.04 mmol/L)是DM+CHD的独立危险因素(OR分别为2.850、12.977和4.006,均为P<0.05),C等位基因与DM+CHD的发生无统计学相关性。结论 KIF6基因Trp719Arg多态性可能不是我国北方汉族人群DM+CHD的独立危险因素。     

中国北方汉族人群β3-肾上腺素能受体基因Trp64Arg多态性与原发性高血压的相关性研究

目的:探讨我国北方汉族人群β3-肾上腺素能受体基因单核苷酸多态性位点Trp64Arg与原发性高血压的相关性。方法:入选在北京安贞医院就诊的北方汉族原发性高血压患者855例(原发性高血压组,HT组),以及同期在安贞医院健康体检中心体检血压正常的受试者665例(正常血压对照组,NT组)。运用TaqMan等位基因分型技术,采用ABI7900基因检测平台对受试者ADRB3基因Trp64Arg位点进行检测,评估该多态性位点与我国北方汉族人群原发性高血压发病风险的关系。结果:HT组和NT组的ADRB3基因Trp64Arg位点基因型频率间,差异有统计学意义(P=0.017)。其中,ArgArg、ArgTrp及TrpTrp基因型在HT组和NT组的分布频率分别为1.29%/2.87%、30.25%/25.53%及68.46%/71.69%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,除显性模型和等位基因模型外(显性模型:OR=1.233,95%CI=0.916～1.659,P=0.168;等位基因模型:OR=1.073,95%CI=0.828～1.390,P=0.595),各遗传模型均显示该多态性与原发性高血压发病密切相关(隐形模型:OR=0.343,95%CI=0.138～0.850,P=0.021;纯合子模型:OR=0.368,95%CI=0.147～0.921,P=0.033;加性模型:OR=0.374,95%CI=0.150～0.932,P=0.035;超显性模型:OR=1.412,95%CI=1.038～1.920,P=0.028)。根据性别进行的亚组分析中,仅在女性人群中发现该相关性(P=0.026)。根据超体质量/肥胖与否以及性别联合是否超体质量/肥胖进行的分层分析中,均未发现该相关性。结论:在本研究人群中,β3肾上腺素能受体基因Trp64Arg多态性可能与原发性高血压相关,Arg64Arg纯合子可能会降低高血压发病风险,杂合子Arg64Trp可能是高血压发病的危险因素。     

新疆维吾尔族人β2肾上腺素能受体基因多态性与原发性高血压的相关性

目的探讨β₂肾上腺素能受体（β₂-AR）基因Arg16Gly和Gln27Glu多态性在新疆维吾尔族人原发性高血压（EH）发病中的作用。方法应用TaqMan技术检测了367例新疆维吾尔族EH患者及408例正常血压对照者Arg16Gly和Gln27Glu多态性。结果 Arg16Gly和Gln27Glu多态性在新疆维吾尔族群体中分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;Arg16GlyGG、AG、AA基因型频率和Gln27GluGG、CG和CC基因型频率在EH组和正常血压组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。EH组和正常血压组间Arg16Gly及Gln27Glu位点的G等位基因频率分别为46.0%、42.5%和22.3%、24.5%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论β₂-AR基因Arg16Gly和Gln27Glu多态位点可能不是新疆维吾尔族人群原发性高血压的遗传易感指标。     

β3肾上腺素能受体基因Trp64Arg变异与2型糖尿病的关联研究

目前的研究表明，2型糖尿病(T2DM)是一种多因子疾病，有多个基因或基因位点的变异与之关联，但不同地区和不同人种之间却存在着明显的差异。这就表明T2DM不仅具有强烈的遗传倾向，而且有明显的遗传异质性。研究发现，β3肾上腺素能受体(ADRβ3)对调节人体能量平衡发挥重要作用，ADRβ3缺陷可增加糖尿病(DM)和肥胖的易感性，     

海南汉族2型糖尿病患者胰岛素受体底物1基因Gly972Arg多态性的研究

目的 研究胰岛素受体底物1（IRS。1）基因Gly972Argr矢变与海南汉族2型糖尿病（T2DM）的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术对海南汉族60例T2DM患者和60例糖耐量正常人群进行IRS-1基因Gly972Arg突变位点基因型检测。结果T2DM组IRS-1基因Gly972Arg突变频率13．3％,对照组IRS-1基因Gly972Arg突变频率3．3％,两者比较有统计学差异（r=7．2,P〈0．01）。结论IRS—1基因Gly972Arg突变可能与海南汉族T2DM的发生有相关性。     

胰岛素受体底物1基因Gly972Arg多态性与2型糖尿病不相关

目的：探讨中国汉族人群胰岛素受体底物1（IRS－1）基因Gly972Arg多态性与2型糖尿病的关系。方法：选取102例2型糖尿病患者及102例糖耐量正常的患者配偶进行对照研究，应用聚合酶链反应－－限制性片断长度多态性的方法进行胰岛素受体底物1基因Gly972Arg多态性位点基因型检测。结果：IRS－1基因Gly972Arg突变频率在病例组和对照组均为2％，明显低于白人。结论：在中国汉族人群中，IRS－1基因Gly972Arg突变不是2型糖尿病的主要致病因素。     

β1肾上腺素能受体基因多态性与心血管疾病

β1肾上腺素能受体是在心肌细胞分布的主要β肾上腺素能受体亚型,在调节心率和心肌收缩力方面起主导作用。随着β1肾上腺素能受体基因两个单核苷酸多态性(singlenuclid polymorphism,SNP)的发现,β1肾上腺素能受体基因可能成为某些心血管疾病病因研究的候选基因,并可能与     

Phenotypic characterization of the Trp64Arg polymorphism in the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene in normal weight and obese subjects

Summary The beta₃-adrenergic receptor, located mainly in fat cells of visceral adipose tissue, is involved in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis. Recently, a mutation in the corresponding gene resulting in the replacement of tryptophan by arginine in position 64 (Trp64Arg) has been demonstrated, which associated with obesity and metabolic complications of obesity. We have investigated whether this polymorphism is associated with changes in beta₃-adrenergic receptor function or clinical characteristics in 40 non-obese and 43 obese non-diabetic subjects who underwent elective abdominal surgery. The beta-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism was examined by restriction-enzyme cleavage conformation. Beta₃-adrenergic receptor function was investigated by measuring lipolysis in isolated visceral white fat cells incubated with noradrenaline (natural ligand) or (CGP) 12177 (selective beta₃-agonist). No homozygotes for the mutation were found. The allelic frequency of Trp64Arg was similar in obese and non-obese subjects (9.4 and 12.5 %, respectively). In obese and non-obese subjects there was no change in body mass index, body fat distribution, fat cell size, fasting circulating levels of insulin, glucose or lipids, blood pressure or adipocyte lipolysis induced by noradrenaline or CGP 12177 when Trp64Arg heterozygotes were compared with Trp64 homozygotes. Our results suggest that the Trp64Arg mutation in its heterozygous form is not a major determinant of beta₃-adrenergic receptor function (when assessed by lipolysis in white adipose tissue) or of the pathophysiology of obesity. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 857–860] Received: 21 February 1996 and in revised form: 22 March 1996     

The Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene is associated with hypertension in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

A missense mutation of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB3) resulting in a tryptophan/arginine exchange at position 64 (Trp64Arg polymorphism) has recently been associated with greater capacity to gain weight, a low resting metabolic rate, higher blood pressure, and an early onset of type 2 diabetes. These findings prompted us to examine the relationship between this mutation, blood pressure, and vascular complications in German patients with type 2 diabetes. White patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 417) were enrolled in the study. The Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene was detected by polymerase chain amplification and subsequent restriction digest with BstN I. Stepwise logistic regression analysis of the entire study population revealed a significant interaction between gender and genotype (P = .019). We therefore performed separate analyses for men and women. There was a significant relationship between hypertension and the ADRB3 Trp64Arg variant in men (P = .015), but not in women. Furthermore, blood pressure levels in male patients with the minor allele had higher blood pressure levels (P < .05), despite a significantly greater number of antihypertensive medications (P = .01). There was no association between ADRB3 genotype and vascular complications in these patients. In conclusion, our data are compatible with a contribution of this genetic variant of ADRB3 to hypertension in male patients with type 2 diabetes. Further studies will be needed to determine the role of this polymorphism as a predictor of hypertension or vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.     

Association of Trp64Arg beta 3-adrenergic-receptor gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in the Sardinian population

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible association of three candidate gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in the genetically homogeneous Sardinian population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 494 unrelated, nondiabetic subjects, 213 (43.2%) with essential hypertension. All subjects underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test with determination of glycemia and insulinemia and serum lipids. The polymorphisms evaluated comprised Trp64Arg of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor, Gly40Ser of the glucagon receptor gene and the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene. RESULTS: Among the overall population studied, 48 (9.7%) were heterozygous carriers of the Trp64Arg polymorphism. The frequency of the Trp64Arg variant was significantly higher in hypertensives (13.6%) than normotensives (6.8%; chi 2 5.73, P = 0.017). The 48 subjects with the Trp64Arg variant had significantly higher (P < 0.049) serum triglyceride levels than the 446 with the Trp64Trp variant, while no significant differences were observed, either fasting or during the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, in glycemia and insulinemia. No differences were found between hypertensive and normotensive subjects for ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism nor in the frequency of the Gly40Ser coding change in exon 2 of the glucagon receptor gene. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the thesis that the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene is associated more often with the condition of high blood pressure than with normal blood pressure.     

Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene in pregnancy: association with mild gestational diabetes mellitus.

A missense mutation of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene (Trp64Arg) has been associated with obesity and increased capacity to gain weight in nonpregnant populations. Furthermore, the mutation is a potential modifying factor in the etiology of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. We studied the relation of the beta3-adrenergic receptor genotype to glucose tolerance during pregnancy, a state of physiological insulin resistance. In 179 pregnant women (mean age, 28.5 +/- 0.4 yr), a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test was performed between gestational weeks 20 and 31. The beta3-adrenergic receptor genotype was assessed using restriction fragment length polymorphism. The frequency of the Arg64 allele was 9.15%. In women with mild gestational diabetes (n = 70), as defined by 60 min postload glucose values, the Trp64Arg genotype was more frequent than in women with normal glucose tolerance (n = 109; 26% vs. 11%; P = 0.01). Furthermore, the Trp64Arg polymorphism was associated with increased weight gain during pregnancy (baseline to gestational weeks 20-31) and increased postload glucose, insulin, and C peptide values during the oral glucose tolerance test. The results of the present study extend current knowledge about the association of the Trp64Arg beta3-adrenergic receptor polymorphism with glucose tolerance to a pregnant population. The association with mild gestational diabetes suggests that the impact of the polymorphism may be clinically important during pregnancy, a state of physiological insulin resistance.     

The Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene and obesity in Chinese subjects with components of the metabolic syndrome

BACKGROUND: In regions such as Hong Kong, rapid economic development has led to lifestyle alterations characterized by increases in energy and fat intake and reduction in physical activity. These changes have been associated with a dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes and related diseases of the metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if a common polymorphism (Trp64Arg) of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene, previously implicated as predisposing to type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity in other populations, has a role in the apparent susceptibility of Hong Kong Chinese to diabetes and related disorders. METHOD: A PCR-based protocol was used to genotype 802 Southern Chinese subjects who were either healthy or had one or more of the metabolic disorders including diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia. RESULTS: The frequencies of the mutant A allele (12.7%) and AA genotype (1.7%) did not differ, by the chi2 test, in any patient group with diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia, alone or in combination, compared to healthy controls. Using the t-test in the 802 subjects, those carrying the mutant A allele had evidence of increased obesity with a significantly (all P<0.05) higher body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and also lower HDL-cholesterol. BMI was also elevated in subjects with the A allele in the separate groups with diabetes, dyslipidaemia or hypertension. Stepwise multiple regression showed this polymorphism to be an independent predictor of BMI. CONCLUSION: These data do not support any direct involvement of the Trp64Arg polymorphism in the development of diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia in Chinese subjects, but do suggest a relationship with obesity.     

β3肾上腺能受体基因Trp64Arg变异与2型糖尿病慢性并发症的关系

目的　探讨β3肾上腺能受体 (β3AR)基因 Trp6 4 Arg变异与 2型糖尿病慢性并发症的关系。方法　对 132例无亲缘关系的山东汉族 2型糖尿病患者进行了 β3AR基因多态性分析 ,按有无基因变异分为两组 ,比较两组间糖尿病慢性并发症患病率的差异。结果　基因变异组冠心病 (CHD)、糖尿病下肢血管病变 (DL EVD)的患病率显著高于无基因变异组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　β3AR基因变异与糖尿病大血管并发症有一定关联     

肾上腺素能β3受体基因多态性与肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的相关性

研究对象为2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并周围神经病变组（43例）、T2DM无周围神经病变组（66例）和健康对照组（54例）.测定3组β3肾上腺素能受体（β3-AR）基因型,并记录临床指标.结果显示β3-AR基因多态性与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗有关,与DM周围神经病变无关.     

beta3-Adrenergic receptor Trp64Arg polymorphism and increased body mass index in sleep apnoea.

Obesity is an important risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. The substitution of tryptophan 64 with arginine (Trp64Arg) polymorphism (Arg variant) of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) has been associated with obesity. In this study, the prevalence of the Trp64Arg ADRB3 polymorphism in a large group of patients with OSAS and its association with body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance and hypertension were evaluated. ADRB3 genotype was determined in 387 patients with OSAS and 137 healthy subjects recruited from three Spanish tertiary hospitals. The distributions of the ADRB3 genotypes were similar in OSAS and controls, and, in a multivariate model, the risk of OSAS was not associated with the presence of the Arg variant of the ADRB3 gene. However, BMI was higher in those patients with OSAS who carried this genetic variant than in those with the Trp variant. Furthermore, a linear trend for higher BMI was found in those with the Arg variant (56, 75 and 100% for Trp/Trp, Trp/Arg and Arg/Arg, respectively). Insulin resistance, blood pressures and serum levels of lipids and glucose were not associated with the presence of the Arg variant of the ADRB3 gene. The presence of the arginine 64 allele of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor gene does not increase the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, but is associated with the development of obesity in those patients who suffer obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.