Chronic varicella zoster in a child infected with human immunodeficiency virus: case report and review of the literature.

Chronic zoster represents an infrequent presentation of varicella zoster virus infection. It is observed with increased frequency in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, especially when their lymphocyte counts are depressed. We report a child infected with human immunodeficiency virus who showed a long-standing cutaneous zoster lesion and was treated for a prolonged period of time with acyclovir. The occurrence of resistance to acyclovir by varicella zoster virus was suspected based on the clinical picture. The clinical and laboratory features of this case and a review of the literature are presented.     

A case report of bacillary angiomatosis in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus

A man infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presented with a few-month history of an enlarging friable growth on the medial area of the left foot and a one-week history of bilateral lower extremity edema. Clinical and histologic examination led to a diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis, and the patient responded to antibiotic therapy We provide an overview of bacillary angiomatosis, a rare disorder that affects immunocompromised patients with CD4 cell counts less than 100/microL.     

Cutaneous melanoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis: a case report and review of the literature

We report the occurrence of a malignant melanoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease; NF 1). Neurofibromatosis, like malignant melanoma, is believed to be a disorder of neural crest origin, and is associated with a number of different malignancies, but a definite association between cutaneous malignant melanoma and neurofibromatosis has not been established. We describe a patient with a malignant melanoma and with neurofibromatosis, and review the literature pertinent to this topic. The malignant melanoma was not related to a café-aulait patch or congenital naevus. The paucity of reports of patients with neurofibromatosis associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma suggests that these diseases probably do not occur together with any greater frequency than that determined by chance alone.     

皮肤血管肉瘤一例并文献复习

报道1例皮肤血管肉瘤并对相关文献进行复习。患者,女,66岁。因头皮结节1年,额部瘀斑8个月就诊。皮肤科查体：头皮散在肤色至淡红色结节,表面可见少量鳞屑及毛细血管扩张,伴脱发。右侧额颞部可见水肿性紫红色斑片,压之不褪色。皮肤组织病理及免疫组织化学染色符合皮肤血管肉瘤的诊断。局部行放射治疗,目前仍在随访中。     

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis occurring in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus: a case report

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is an uncommon dermatosis associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in association with defects in cell-mediated immunity. Malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma has been associated with lesions caused by HPV-5, HPV-8, and HPV-14. Clinically, the disease may be confused with verruca plana, seborrheic keratosis, and pityriasis versicolor. We present an unusual case of EV occurring in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive man and discuss the clinical and histologic findings. Clinically, the patient had 1- to 3-mm hypopigmented smooth macules covering the entire body. Histopathologic examination of the skin biopsy results demonstrated enlarged keratinocytes with prominent blue-gray cytoplasm and clumping of keratohyalin granules within the granular layer of the epidermis. Although EV typically is viewed as a disease of childhood, sometimes presenting in patients with a family history of the disease, it rarely may be seen in immunocompromised adults.     

Reiter's syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection: case report and review of the literature

The concurrence of Reiter's syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection has recently been noted. In this report the evolution of Reiter's syndrome (arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis) in a patient with a history of intravenous drug abuse and positive results of serologic tests for human immunodeficiency virus is described and the literature is reviewed.     

皮肤窦性组织细胞增生症一例并文献复习

报道1例皮肤窦性组织细胞增生症并对文献进行复习。患者,女,56岁,右上肢暗红色结节、斑块2年余,无系统受累。组织病理：真皮内大量组织细胞、淋巴细胞,可见组织细胞伸入现象。免疫组化：S-100（+）、CD68（+）、CD1a（-）。外用卤米松等治疗后皮损范围已明显缩小。     

Cutaneous protothecosis: a case report and review of the literature

Protothecosis is a rare cause of systemic and/or cutaneous infection. Because approximately 100 cases of human infection with Prototheca wickerhamii have been reported, little is known about the pathogenesis of this infection. Cases include both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. However, most cases contain an element of immune compromise, either local or systemic. We present a case of an 81-year-old white woman with a history of multiple nonmelanoma skin cancers, including squamous and basal cell carcinomas and actinic keratoses, throughout her legs and thighs bilaterally. She presented to a central Florida dermatology clinic with complaints of persistent bumps on her right lower leg despite therapy with diclofenac sodium gel 3% and 5-fluorouracil cream 5%. Biopsies of skin specimens from the right lower leg revealed a dermal abscess that contained spherical funguslike organisms, with periodic acid-Schiff staining revealing 6- to 10-microm organisms with internal septations, which are characteristic of P wickerhamii.     

Cutaneous lymphadenoma: a case report and review of the literature

We report a case of cutaneous lymphadenoma, a tumour first described by Santa Cruz and Barr under the name of‘lymphoepithelial tumour1. Twenty-three cases have been reported to date. The commonest site is the head and neck, and it is most commonly diagnosed in the fourth and fifth decades. The usual clinical diagnosis is basal ceil carcinoma. To date, no recurrences have been observed after iocai excision. The tumour is C(miposed of dermal lobules with a biphasic pattern of epithelial and lymphoid cells. It has been suggested that it arises as a result of faulty interaction between lymphocytes and epithelial cells.     

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and human immunodeficiency virus infection: 2 cases and a review of the literature

Cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are rare in patients with HIV-1 infection and almost all of the cases reported are of T-cell lineage with histopathological features of mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome. We studied 2 cases of mycosis fungoides in HIV-1-positive patients who were intravenous drug abusers and were in stage II and IV C2 (CDC'86), respectively. The first patient (stage II) had multiple, erythematous and infiltrated large plaques on the abdomen, back, arms and legs, whereas the second patient (stage IV) had smaller erythematous, slightly scaly and infiltrated pruritic plaques on the trunk and limbs. Their CD4 lymphocyte counts were 634 and 250 cells/mm3, respectively. Biopsies showed features consistent with mycosis fungoides, with an epidermotropic pattern. The immunohistochemical study revealed a T-cell lineage of this atypical infiltrate. Both patients partially responded to topical steroid ointment, showing moderate improvement. Further biopsies performed 6 months later confirmed the prior diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. No tumour stage was observed during a 2-year follow-up. We conclude that mycosis fungoides is rare in HIV-positive patients, but must be included in the differential diagnosis of erythematous plaques in these patients. In suspected, but non-diagnostic cases of mycosis fungoides in HIV-positive patients, only a close clinical and histopathological follow-up can confirm the diagnosis.     

皮肤母细胞性NK细胞淋巴瘤一例

患者男,20岁,因右大腿起皮疹5个月,泛发全身2个月余就诊.体检:躯干、四肢散在分布的蚕豆至鸽蛋大小的暗红色结节,表面无破溃,质韧,无压痛.全身浅表淋巴结未扪及.背部皮损组织病理及免疫组化染色证实为母细胞性NK细胞淋巴瘤.经依托泊苷+环磷酰胺+长春新碱+地塞米松+甲氨蝶呤方案化疗后缓解.     

An unusual presentation of secondary syphilis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND--Syphilis has been reported to assume unusual clinical appearances and to exhibit unusual courses in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. We recently observed a distinct manifestation of syphilis in an HIV-infected patient with features not previously described. OBSERVATIONS--A 38-year-old HIV-seropositive homosexual man presented with fever, chills, malaise, and a cutaneous eruption consisting of indurated, shiny, erythematous plaques that were confluent on the face and scalp leading to alopecia and extreme tautness of the skin. Initial clinical diagnoses included lymphoreticular malignancy and infection. Although cultures yielded Staphylococcus aureus, a skin biopsy specimen was diagnostic of syphilis. CONCLUSIONS--This case demonstrates an unusual clinical manifestation of syphilis in a patient with HIV infection and emphasizes the importance of considering cutaneous secondary syphilis in the differential diagnosis of virtually any inflammatory cutaneous disorder in HIV-seropositive individuals.     

Ivermectin-responsive Demodex infestation during human immunodeficiency virus infection. A case report and literature review

We report the case of a 56-year-old HIV-seropositive man who presented a facial Demodex infection developed 2 months after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. The Demodex infection was confirmed by scrapings and histopathologic examination and by the dramatic response to antiparasitic treatment with oral ivermectin associated with 5% permethrin cream.     

Cutaneous schistosomiasis: report of a case and review of the literature

Cutaneous disease is a previously reported but unusual presentation for schistosomiasis. We report a case of Schistosoma haematobium infection that appeared 3 years after exposure, with skin lesions as the sole manifestation. The diagnosis was made on the basis of a routine skin biopsy and the patient did well after therapy with praziquantel. Dermatologists should be aware of this presentation of schistosomiasis when evaluating patients with unusual skin lesions who have traveled in areas where schistosomiasis is endemic.     

Cutaneous Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature

报告1例皮肤霍奇金淋巴瘤.患者男,28岁.因右侧锁骨上不规则鲜红色斑块1年就诊,全身系统检查未见肿大淋巴结和内脏肿瘤,经皮损组织病理和免疫组化检查诊断为皮肤霍奇金淋巴瘤.     

Epstein-Barr virus-associated leiomyosarcoma with cutaneous involvement in an African child with human immunodeficiency virus: a case report and review of the literature

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) are infrequently encountered lesions restricted to immunocompromised patients. However, they represent the second most common tumor in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We report a case of a progressively enlarging abdominal mass with cutaneous involvement in an HIV-infected, 4-year-old African girl in Malawi with clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Analysis of an excisional specimen revealed a well-differentiated leiomyosarcoma and subsequent studies revealed diffuse nuclear positivity for Epstein-Barr virus early RNAs in lesional cells. We present a report of this case and provide a summary of the literature regarding SMTs in pediatric HIV-infected patients. In addition, we draw attention to the cutaneous manifestations of SMTs in immunosuppressed populations. We highlight EBV-related SMTs as a potential cutaneous complication of HIV infection in children and immunosuppressed patients populations as a whole.