红细胞免疫功能及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群在急性心肌梗死患者中的作用

目的：探讨红细胞免疫功能及外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群在ＡＭＩ患者中的作用。方法：对３９例ＡＭＩ患者红细胞免疫功能一群进行检测,并与对照组比较。结果：Ａ发率,ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂ明显低于对照组,ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋、ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ明显高于对照组,ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂ与ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＾＋呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．７５６,Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ与ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．６１２,Ｐ〈０．０５）。结     

糖尿病合并肺结核患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分析

目的：观察糖尿病合并肺结核患者外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群变化,并探讨共在糖尿病继发肺结核发生发展中的作用。方法：用间接免疫荧光法测定２７例糖尿病合并肺结核患者,３１例糖尿病患者,３４例结核患者及２５例正常人外周血ＣＤ３＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋和ＣＥ８＾＋Ｔ细胞数量,并测定其空腹血糖。结果：糖尿病合并肺结核患者及糖尿病患者及糖尿患者外周血ＣＤ３＾＋Ｔ淋巴细胞明显低于健康人（Ｐ〈０．０５）,但ＣＤ８＾＋Ｔ细胞则显著     

狼疮性肾炎患者血清免疫球蛋白和补体等的观察

狼疮性肾炎（ＬＮ）的发现机理与免疫异常有关,本文对ＬＮ患者４０例选用免疫球蛋白,抗双链ＤＮＡ抗体,Ｔ细胞亚群及可溶性白介素２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）等五项指标进行观察,以健康人３０名作对照组,结果ＬＮ患者的ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＡ,ＩｇＭ均显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,Ｃ３,Ｃ４显著低于正常（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＣＤ＾＋３,ＣＤ＾＋４细胞低于正常,而ＣＤ＾＋８细胞高于正常,ＮＫ细胞低于正常（Ｐ〈０．０１）,抗双链     

肺结节病支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞学分析和T淋巴细胞 …

分别对经病理学证实,不吸烟的１８例肺结节病和１２例正常人支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中细胞分类计数和Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群进行了测定,结果显示肺结节病ＢＡＬＦ中淋巴细胞比例和ＴＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋之比明显高于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０１）,而巨噬细胞比例低于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０５）,其它细胞比例无显著变化。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和CD_（38）~＋细胞的变化及其意义

为探讨多发性骨髓瘤（ＭＭ）患者细胞免疫功能和外周血肿瘤前体细胞的变化及其意义，应用间接免疫荧光法对２６例ＭＭ患者外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群和携带浆细胞相关抗原（ＰＣＡＡ）——ＣＤ３８＋的淋巴细胞进行了检测。结果表明：①ＭＭ患者ＣＤ３＋（总Ｔ）细胞、ＣＤ４＋（ＴＨ）细胞、ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋比值下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＣＤ８＋（ＴＳ／ＴＣ）细胞无明显变化。②ＭＭ患者外周血ＣＤ３８＋细胞明显增高，化疗后ＣＤ３８＋细胞数量明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：①ＭＭ患者体内存在细胞免疫功能紊乱。②ＭＭ患者外周血中存在肿瘤前体细胞，并且与疾病的临床分期和化疗有关。     

自体ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞过继免疫治疗原发性肺癌患者的护理

摘要：对４５例原发性肺癌患者采用ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞过继免疫治疗，结果治疗有效率为６８．８９％，临床获益高达８６．６７％；患者一般情况良好，不适症状有所改善；患者Ｔ细胞亚群中ＣＤ８＋细胞较治疗前显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋细胞和ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋比值均较治疗前显著升高（均Ｐ＜０．０５）；治疗过程中仅有２例（４．４４％）出现畏寒、发热。提出给予患者积极的心理护理，在治疗过程中严格无菌操作，加强细胞回输护理是保证治疗顺利开展、提高治疗效果的关键。\关键词：肺肿瘤；　ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞；　过继免疫治疗；　Ｔ淋巴细胞；　护理中图分类号：Ｒ４７３．５　　文献标识码：Ｂ　　文章编号：１００１-４１５２（２００７）１７-００２９-０２     

紫外线照射充氧自血回输对脑梗塞患者红细胞免疫功能和T细胞亚群…

紫外线照射充氧血液回输治疗脑梗塞１８例，每次治疗紫外线照射８分钟。照射后血液体外检测，红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环形成率（ＲＣＲ１）、红细胞免疫粘附肿瘤花环率（ＴＲＲ）均显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），而Ｔ细胞各亚群数目均明显下降，照射１、４次后，ＲＣＲ１、ＴＲＲ显著升高，红细胞免疫复合物花环率（ＲＣＩＣ）无明显变化，Ｔ细胞亚群中的辅助性Ｔ细胞（ＣＤ４＾＿）、全Ｔ细胞（ＣＤ３＾＋）及自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ）数目显著     

COPD及肺心病患者白细胞介素—2与自然杀伤细胞等的活性改变

将２０例ＣＯＰＤ患者分为发作组、缓解组和肺心组、非肺心组，测定ＩＬ－２活性、淋巴细胞转化、Ｔ细胞亚群（共四项）和ＮＫ细胞活性。结果显示：ＣＯＰＤ患者ＩＬ－２、淋转及ＣＤ＾＋３率下降，ＮＫ活性代偿增强。发作组与缓解组组间差异不大，若按肺心和非肺心重新分组，则七项指标在普遍出现异常的基础上，有五项组间差异明显，肺心组ＣＤ＾＋３率、ＣＤ＾＋４率下降更为显著，ＣＤ＾＋８率升高，ＮＫ活性更高。结果表明，ＣＯ     

白血病T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞功能分析

目的研究白血病患者不同疾病阶段的Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及ＮＫ细胞功能，旨在探讨白血病患者的免疫功能状态。方法采用间接免疫荧光法检测白血病患者Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群、ＮＫ细胞百分数，ＭＴＴ法检测ＮＫ细胞杀伤活性。结果白血病患者ＣＤ＋３、ＣＤ＋４细胞减少，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比例下降甚至倒置，ＮＫ（ＣＤ＋５６）细胞减少，活性降低，且以上改变与肿瘤负荷有关。结论初治及复发白血病患者免疫功能严重低下，完全缓解期次之，而长生存患者与正常人无差异。     

原发性肝癌患者多头自控射频仪治疗前后免疫功能的变化

实验采用流式细胞仪和单向琼脂扩散法,检测３０例原发性肝癌（ＨＣＣ）患者经间砂自动控制射频治疗仪治疗前后,其细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,结果显示ＨＣＣ患者ＣＤ４＾＋细胞降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＣＤ８＾＋细胞升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）;ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ含量与正常对照组相比地明显变化,治疗后,ＣＤ４＾＋细胞升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＣＤ８＾＋细胞降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＡ,ＩｇＭ的含量稍微升高,与治疗前相比无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,说明ＨＣＣ患者经自动控制射频治疗仪治疗后细胞免疫指标有所改善。     

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Clear cell RCC is the most common type of RCC that occurs in adults. It has the worst prognosis among the common epithelial tumors of the kidney. Histologically, a wide range of morphologic patterns can be encountered. Those cases with a multi-locular cystic architecture are considered to be a distinct subtype because of the clinicopathologic features.     

Tumor cell growth and cell kinetics

Cancer cells differ from normal cells in many ways, but most importantly by not responding to normal growth-control mechanisms. Whereas the growth and division of normal cells is carefully regulated to meet the needs of the body, tumor cells proliferate autonomously and continually, eventually interfering with and destroying the functions of normal tissue. Knowledge of molecular cell biology has grown exponentially over the last decade. Yet much remains to be understood before there can be a significant impact on our ability to design more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer patients, thereby decreasing mortality.     

Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and histologic subtypes, pathophysiology, recognition, and treatment options for basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, and the molecular biology of sunlight-induced carcinogenesis. DATA SOURCES: Journal and review articles, research studies, textbooks, and clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma will occur in more than one million cases annually in the United States, and are highly curable when detected and treated early. During the last decade, significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular basis of skin carcinogenesis and in identifying newer approaches for the management and treatment of these keratinocyte cancers. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses can play crucial roles in decreasing the morbidity and mortality from the skin cancer epidemic by identifying and referring patients with lesions suspicious for basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.     

White cell related red cell antibodies

Occasional sera react weakly with a few red cells in the antiglobulin phase but without a recognizable pattern. We sought to identify the nature of such antibodies in 27 samples referred to our HLA laboratory for lymphocytotoxin testing. All samples were tested against a panel of 15 red cells by a capillary tube antiglobulin technique developed to conserve sera. This technique correlates well with tube antiglobulin tests, and can be performed with either fresh or thawed red cells. Of 27 sera, 14 contained anti-HLA B7, B17, or A28, since they reacted only with red cells from donors whose lymphocytes were B7, B17, or A28. Eight further sera probably contained anti-B7, -B17, or -A28, but reacted with one or two additional red cells. Two samples agglutinated all panel red cells so the presence of anti-B7, B17, or A28 could not be determined. In three additional sera, lymphocytotoxin testing suggested that specificity other than anti-B7, B17, or A28 was present. Of 27 sera containing weak unidentified red cell antibodies, 22 (81%) contain definite or probable anti-B7, -B17, or -A28. The identity of these troublesome antibodies can be determined by maintaining red cell panels of donors whose HLA phenotypes are known.     

Red blood cell storage and cell morphology

Aim: In this study, we performed weekly assessment of morphology‐related parameters through monitoring of CPD‐SAGM leuco‐filtered erythrocyte concentrates from blood withdrawal until the 42nd day of storage. Background: Liquid storage of red blood cells (RBCs) delivers a blood‐derived therapeutic, which is safe, available, effective and affordable for most patients who need transfusion therapy in developed countries. However, a growing body of accumulating controversial evidences, from either biochemical or retrospective clinical studies, prompted safety concerns about longer stored RBCs. Methods: Statistical image analysis through scanning electron microscope was coupled to osmotic fragility and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Results: We could observe that by day 21 more than 50% of RBCs displayed non‐discocyte phenotypes. This observation was related to an increase in osmotic fragility, which was totally overlapped in day 0 controls and day 7 RBCs while only slightly augmented in day 14 samples. Cation dysregulation (pH internal/external alteration and potassium) might both reflect and trigger a negative feedback loop with metabolic fluxes and membrane cation pumps. Conclusion: Morphology parameters suggest that significant alterations to RBC morphology over storage duration occur soon after the 14th day of storage, as to become significant enough within the 21st day.     

Human mononuclear cell modulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Endothelial cell proliferation is a histologic characteristic of several forms of nephritis characterized by infiltration of the glomerulus with mononuclear cells. To investigate the mechanism mediating this event, human endothelial cells isolated from umbilical veins and cultured in vitro were incubated with supernatants of cultured human mononuclear cells. Supernatants from mononuclear cells exerted a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on endothelial cell proliferation. The stimulatory effect of supernatant was almost entirely removed by prior depletion of mononuclear cells of monocytes by adherence, suggesting that a monocyte product was responsible for the activity. To investigate the nature of the ligand responsible, partially purified human interleukin I added to endothelial cell cultures was found to stimulate cellular proliferation.     

Dendritic cell vaccine strategies for renal cell carcinoma

Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are an important experimental immunotherapy for renal cell carcinomas. DC vaccines have proven safe, but only minimal clinical efficacy has been observed to date. DC vaccine strategies reflect the continually evolving understanding of DC biology. The use of mature DCs is particularly important to avoid the induction of regulatory T cells. Better defined sources of immunizing antigens and more efficient antigen-loading will contribute to DC vaccines of better quality. Improved clinical efficacy may also be achieved using DCs that secrete biologically active IL-12, which fosters innate immunity and polarizes T helper type 1 responses that contribute to optimal antitumor immunity. Furthermore, combination therapies that treat systemic immune suppression will be crucial for obtaining improved clinical responses to DC vaccines in patients with advanced disease.     

胰岛细胞移植过程中细胞受损的提示

背景:胰岛移植后可能发生有害的组织不相容性反应,影响细胞的存活及功能.目的:探讨胰岛细胞移植中早期胰岛细胞的损害程度及原因.方法:采用脑死亡自愿捐赠器官供者的胰腺,采用胶原酶P进行消化分离胰岛细胞,测定不同冷缺血时间下胰岛细胞损害程度.将胰岛细胞与血液进行分组培养,HLA匹配组:受者全血+胰岛细胞,受者全血+胰岛细胞+肝素:错配组:受者全血+胰岛细胞,受者全血+胰岛细胞+肝素;对照组:受者伞血+RPMI1640.观察移植早期可能出现的胰岛细胞损害.结果与结论:胰腺切取顺利,在冷缺血5 h以内胰岛细胞活性率都在80%以上,超过8 h活性胰岛细胞数量只有19%甚至更低.人胰岛暴露于未经抗凝的人血液中,胰岛将诱发一个迅速血细胞消耗.血小板、中性粒细胞和单核细胞计数显示,无论HLA错配还是匹配与对照组相比较血细胞都发牛明显的消耗:加入肝素后HLA错配组及HLA匹配组血细胞消耗反应明显减轻;HLA匹配组胰岛细胞体外培养24 h活性胰岛细胞数量高丁HLA错配组(P<0.05),说明良好组织相容性有利于胰岛细胞存活.结果提示冷缺血时间对胰岛细胞活性的影响很大,在冷缺血时间小于5 h的情况下获取的胰腺可以用于临床胰岛细胞移植的胰腺获取;移植到血液的胰岛细胞会有普遍性的炎症性损害及HLA相关性损害.     

CEUS鉴别诊断肾透明细胞癌和嫌色细胞癌

目的 探讨CEUS对肾透明细胞癌（CCRCC）和嫌色细胞癌（ChRCC）的鉴别诊断价值。方法 收集接受肾脏CEUS检查并经术后病理证实为CCRCC的患者75例及ChRCC的患者26例。观察CCRCC和ChRCC的增强方式、增强程度、增强形态、假包膜征及病灶对局部淋巴结、肾包膜及肾静脉的侵犯情况,并绘制时间-强度曲线,获得校正的始增时间（ΔAT）、达峰时间（ΔTTP）和峰值强度（ΔPI）,进行统计学分析。结果 CCRCC多表现高增强（41/75,54.67%）、弥漫性增强（54/75,72.00%）和不均匀增强（58/75,77.33%）,56.00%（42/75）有假包膜征。ChRCC多表现为低增强（19/26,73.08%）、向心性增强（14/26,53.85%）和均匀增强（17/26,65.38%）,61.54%（16/26）有假包膜征。CCRCC与ChRCC增强程度、增强方式及增强形态的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,假包膜征检出率的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。CCRCC的ΔAT和ΔTTP与ChRCC比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,而CCRCC的ΔPI明显高于ChRCC（P<0.001）。以ΔPI=0.05%为阈值鉴别诊断CCRCC和ChRCC的准确率最高,其敏感度为82.70%,特异度为100%,ROC曲线下面积为0.969。CCRCC出现肾周和（或）肾窦脂肪受累和肾门和（或）腹膜后淋巴结转移的百分率均高于ChRCC（P均<0.05）。结论 CCRCC和ChRCC具有不同的CEUS特征,有助于二者的鉴别诊断。