Assessment of White Blood Cell Phagocytosis as an Immunological Indicator of Methylmercury Exposure in Birds

White blood cell (WBC) phagocytosis was investigated as a potential immunological indicator of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in birds. The assay was first assessed using chicken WBCs dosed with MeHg in vitro either in whole blood or as isolated cells and later using blood of wild common loons exposed in vivo to a range of dietary MeHg and having a range of blood-Hg concentrations. Whole blood and isolated WBCs from captive chickens were exposed to a range of MeHg concentrations for 3 h. After MeHg exposure, cells were incubated with fluorescent latex microbeads (diameter = 1.75 μm), fixed, and analyzed for size, complexity, and fluorescent intensity by flow cytometry. MeHg significantly depressed phagocytic activity when added to isolated WBCs at concentrations > 0.01 μg/ml, but not when added to whole blood up to 50 μg/ml. Similarly, no significant relationship between the concentration of Hg in whole blood and phagocytic capacity of WBCs in free-living loons was observed. Our results suggest that the phagocytosis assay, although rapid and convenient for use in field studies with wildlife species, is not a responsive immunological indicator of MeHg exposure at environmentally realistic concentrations of blood-Hg in wild loons. Assays that measure other immunologic endpoints (e.g., bacterial killing assay, PHA skin test, and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation) should be assessed with respect to their ability to detect MeHg immunotoxicity in wild birds. Received: 3 May 2002/Accepted: 11 November 2002     

肺炎患儿血超敏C反应蛋白、WBC及分类的意义

目的：分析肺炎患儿血超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）、白细胞计数（WBC）及分类（DF）的检测结果,探讨hsCRP、WBC及分类在肺炎患儿诊疗中的临床意义。方法：根据感染病原体的不同将920例肺炎患儿分为细菌组（n=205）、病毒组（n=280）、支原体组（n=435）。100例健康体检儿童为对照组。检测并比较各组hsCRP、WBC及分类的不同。结果：细菌组hsCRP、WBC及N%、B%均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;病毒组、支原体组hsCRP及L%高于对照组（P〈0.05）,N%低于对照组（P〈0.05）;各感染组组间比较hsCRP、N%及L%的变化均有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论：肺炎患儿联合检测hsCRP、WBC及分类可有效鉴别细菌、病毒、支原体感染,进而指导临床早期诊疗。     

降钙素原、C反应蛋白和白细胞计数在新生儿感染性疾病诊断中的应用

目的 研究降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数在新生儿感染性疾病中的诊断. 方法 选择郴州市妇幼保健院2010年12月-2011年12月间收治的90例经病原学检测,临床诊断确诊为感染性疾病的患儿作为研究对象,另外选取40例健康新生儿作为对照,所有患儿确诊后采集清晨空腹静脉血,降钙素原检测采用双抗体夹心免疫检测,C反应蛋白采用免疫比浊法定量检测.降钙素原≥0.5 μg/L为阳性,C反应蛋白≥8 mg/L为阳性,白细胞计数≥20×109/L为阳性. 结果 新生儿感染组中PCT水平为(9.31±5.24)μg/L,CRP平均水平为(33.20±20.44)mg/L,白细胞计数(18.3±6.4)×109/L.与对照组相比差异有统计学意义,对照组PCT水平低于新生儿感染组,CRP水平低于新生儿感染组,白细胞计数低于新生儿感染组.且使用PCT、CRP联合诊断新生儿感染疾病的灵敏度为88.5％,特异度为79.2％,ROC工作特征曲线下面积为83.1％;为所有检测方法组合中特异度、灵敏度最高的诊断方法. 结论 本研究证明使用血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数可以作为诊断新生儿感染性疾病的有效临床指标,对于临床诊断具有重要意义.     

甲醛对暴露工人外周血淋巴细胞的遗传损伤作用

目的评价甲醛对暴露工人外周血淋巴细胞染色体和DNA损伤水平。方法选择65名甲醛暴露工人和非甲醛暴露工人70名为研究对象，采用甲基纤维素法和单细胞凝胶电泳法，分析其外周血淋巴细胞微核发生率和DNA断裂损伤。结果暴露组工人外周血淋巴细胞微核发生率、DNA断裂损伤的细胞数，与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），并有随工龄、暴露浓度增加而增高的趋势。但甲醛浓度为0．5mg／m^3～3．11mg／m^3时，DNA断裂损伤细胞与对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论甲醛暴露可导致工人外周血淋巴细胞染色体和DNA断裂损伤明显增高，DNA断裂可望成为暴露人群的早期效应标志物和致癌机制之一。     

Blood Manganese as an Exposure Biomarker: State of the Evidence

Despite evidence of adverse health effects resulting from exposure to manganese (Mn), biomarkers of exposure are poorly understood. To enhance understanding, mean blood Mn (MnB) and mean air Mn (MnA) were extracted from 63 exposure groups in 24 published papers, and the relationship was modeled using segmented regression. On a log/log scale, a positive association between MnA and MnB was observed among studies reporting MnA concentrations above about 10 μg/m³, although interpretation is limited by largely cross-sectional data, study design variability, and differences in exposure monitoring methods. Based on the results of the segmented regression, we hypothesize that below the concentration of about 10 μg/m³, Mn in the body is dominated by dietary Mn, and additional inhaled Mn only causes negligible changes in Mn levels unless the inhaled amount is substantial. However, stronger study designs are required to account for temporal characteristics of the MnA to MnB relationships that reflect the underlying physiology and toxicokinetics of Mn uptake and distribution. Thus, we present an inception cohort study design we have conducted among apprentice welders, and the analytical strengths this study design offers. To determine if blood could be a useful biomarker for Mn to be utilized by industrial hygienists in general industry requires additional time-specific analyses, which our inception cohort study design will allow.     

热暴露大鼠白细胞的形态学观察

实验对热暴露大鼠外周血白细胞的主要形态改变进行光镜和电镜观察。结果发现,受热早期和中期白细胞分类中嗜中性白细胞比率增高,晚期减少。受热中期环形核和葡萄状核嗜中性白细胞增多,晚期伴有更幼稚的杆状核增多。淋巴细胞除可出现胞质的形态改变外,主要出现明显的核溶、核碎等异常形态改变,线粒体等细胞器多趋向集中,其结构仍保持完整(apoptosis)。经ANAE染色发现,受热时T淋巴细胞相对增多,而且T和非T淋巴细胞均可出现核溶、核碎等细胞缩裂型死亡性改变。     

血细胞分析仪和手工法计数血细胞结果对比

目的比较半自动血细胞分析仪检测血细胞结果与手工法结果是否有差异。方法随机抽取51例健康检查人员静脉血，EDTA—K2抗凝，用日本FC-717型血细胞分析仪和手工检测Hb、WBC、RBC、PLT4项指标。结果WBC、RBC、PLT3项指标的仪器和手工测定结果差异无统计学意义，Hb含量差异有统计学意义，仪器法检测值高于手工比色法。结论在WBC、RBC、PLT3项指标测定上，半自动血细胞分析仪和手工法可互用。     

Lack of Dietary Calcium Effect on Chlordecone Increased White Blood Cell Count, Total Iron, and Iron-Binding Capacity in Serum of Rat

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with 0, 1, 10, 50, and 100 ppm of chlordecone (Cd) mixed in calcium-sufficient (Ca-S) or calcium-deficient (Ca-D) diet for 15 days. The control rats fed with Ca-D diet exhibited a significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) counts compared to the rats fed with Ca-S diet. Dietary calcium (Ca), however, did not elicit any significant effect on total iron content and iron-binding capacity (transferrin) of control rats, whereas Cd at higher concentrations significantly increased WBC counts, total iron, and iron-binding capacity in serum of both Ca-S and Ca-D rats. The data suggest that dietary Ca did not alter Cd-increased WBC count, total iron, and iron-binding capacity in serum of rat.     

尿液分析仪潜血检验与显微镜红细胞计数检验方法在尿液潜血检验中的效果

目的:探讨分析尿液分析仪潜血检验与显微镜红细胞计数检验方法在尿液潜血检验中的应用效果。方法:选择入院接受尿液潜血检验的100例患者作为研究对象,均采用尿液分析仪进行潜血检验以及显微镜红细胞计数检验,并将尿液分析仪检验结果作为A组,将显微镜检验结果作为B组,并对两种检验结果进行对比。结果:对比两组检验阳性率,对比差异明显,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对比两组阴性与不同强度阳性检查结果分布情况,结果显示A组结果阳性率普遍偏低。结论:与显微镜红细胞计数检验结果相比较,尿液分析仪潜血检验存在误漏诊情况,特别是弱阳性患者,极易误诊为阴性,因此为提高临床检验准确率,应合理联合镜检,以便为临床诊断提供必要依据。     

职业性苯暴露工人外周血白细胞的变化

目的了解职业性苯暴露工人外周血白细胞潜在的变化规律。方法抽取某石油化工厂1049名苯暴露工人静脉抗凝血与另一非苯暴露工人841例静脉抗凝血，对白细胞记数按差值为0．5×10^9／L分段对比分析；另在白细胞偏低者休养前后再进行对比分析。结果苯暴露工人外周血白细胞低于4．5×10^9／L的人数比对照组要多（P〈0．05），多集中在（3．5—4．0）×10^9／L之间（P〈0．05）；苯职业病检查白细胞偏低者在休养后白细胞可明显提高。结论对苯作业人员进行职业健康监护时对外周血白细胞在（3．5～4．0）×10^9／L的工人应进行早期干预；其中休养也是很好的防治手段。     

White Blood Cell Count in Women: Relation to Inflammatory Biomarkers,Haematological Profiles,Visceral Adiposity,and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

The role of white blood cell (WBC) count in pathogenesis of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related disorders has been reported earlier. Recent studies revealed that higher WBC contributes to atherosclerotic progression and impaired fasting glucose. However, it is unknown whether variations in WBC and haematologic profiles can occur in healthy obese individuals. The aim of this study is to further evaluate the influence of obesity on WBC count, inflammatory biomarkers, and metabolic risk factors in healthy women to establish a relationship among variables analyzed. The sample of the present study consisted of 84 healthy women with mean age of 35.56±6.83 years. They were categorized into two groups based on their body mass index (BMI): obese group with BMI >30 kg/m² and non-obese group with BMI <30 kg/m². We evaluated the relationship between WBC and platelet count (PLT) with serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), angiotensin Π (Ang Π), body fat percentage (BF %), waist-circumference (WC), and lipid profile. WBC, PLT, CRP, and IL-6 in obese subjects were significantly higher than in non-obese subjects (p< 0.05). The mean WBC count in obese subjects was 6.4±0.3 (×10⁹/L) compared to 4.4±0.3 (×10⁹/L) in non-obese subjects (p=0.035). WBC correlated with BF% (r=0.31, p=0.004), CRP (r=0.25, P=0.03), WC (r=0.22, p=0.04), angiotensin Π (r=0.24, p=0.03), triglyceride (r=0.24, p=0.03), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) levels (r=0.3, p=0.028) but not with IL-6. Platelet count was also associated with WC and waist-to-hip ratio (p<0.05). Haemoglobin and haematocrit were in consistent relationship with LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05). In conclusion, obesity was associated with higher WBC count and inflammatory parameters. There was also a positive relationship between WBC count and several inflammatory and metabolic risk factors in healthy women.Key words: Angiotensin Π, C-reactive protein, Interleukin 6, Obesity, White blood cell count     

2台血细胞计数仪测定结果的比对研究

目的：探讨科室2台血细胞计数仪测定结果的可比性。方法：依据NCCLS EP9-A2文件,每天选取患者新鲜全血标本8份,分别用比较系统Sysmex XT-2000i和实验系统Abbott CD1700这2台血细胞计数仪重复测定标本2次,共测定5 d,应用Excel软件对所测结果进行统计。结果：CD1700与XT-2000i血细胞计数仪测定WBC、RBC、Hb和PLT的相关系数（r）分别为0.997 3、0.998 9、0.997 0和0.998 6,二者的相关性很好（r〉0.975）;对于临床可接受性评价,除了RBC不可接受外,其余3项的预期偏倚均未超过1/2CLIA′88。结论：2台血细胞计数仪测定WBC、Hb和PLT结果一致,但CD1700测定RBC结果的偏倚临床不接受,应采取适当的校正措施。虽然2台仪器均采用原装试剂,检测结果具有溯源性,但为保证其结果的可比性,应进行结果比对和偏倚评估。     

制鞋厂部分抹胶作业工人外周血白细胞计数调查

[目的]分析苯对作业工人外周血白细胞计数的影响。[方法]从高密市70家鞋厂中随机抽取179名抹胶工人为接毒组,抽取162名不接触胶粘剂的工人为对照组,对2组工人外周血进行血常规检验,再对2组工人外周血的白细胞计数进行统计分析。[结果]工人的外周血白细胞计数接毒组女工(5·61×109/L)低于接毒组男工(6·14×109/L)、对照组女工(6·11×109/L)和对照组男工(6·30×109/L);接毒组男工、对照组男工及对照组女工3组间外周血白细胞计数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。[结论]苯对女工的毒性高于对男工的毒性。     

尿四氢呋喃作为生物检测指标的探讨

[目的]研究四氢呋喃(THF)职业接触工人尿中THF含量与工作场所空气中THF及THF个体接触量的剂量-效应关系,探讨尿THF作为职业接触生物监测指标的可行性。[方法]利用溶剂解吸气相色谱法测定某香料厂的作业场所空气中THF浓度;通过个体采样监测该厂19名作业工人的THF个体接触量;并利用顶空法检测其尿中THF浓度,以6名行政人员为对照。[结果]3个不同作业点空气中THF浓度范围为15.8～66.2mg/m~3,19名作业工人8h个体接触量范围为0.76～4.23 mg,尿中THF浓度范围为0.18～5.36 mg/L。非接触者尿中未检出THF。作业工人尿中THF与工作场所空气中THF浓度的相关系数r=0.53,而与作业工人个体接触量的相关系数r=0.91。[结论]提示尿THF可作为职业接触THF的生物监测指标。     

血液中N-甲基氨甲酰加合物作为二甲基甲酰胺职业接触标志物可行性探讨

目的 探讨血液中N-甲基氨甲酰加合物作为二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)职业接触标志物可行性.方法 选择不同生产部门、不同DMF接触水平的职业人群87人,不接触DMF等有机溶剂的人员22人作为对照.气相色谱-质谱法测定N-甲基氨甲酰加合物经过一系列降解后的产物3-甲基-异丙基乙内酸脲(MVH)浓度.结果 各类DMF职业接触人员血...     

Association of Endogenous Hormones with C-reactive Protein,Fibrinogen, and White Blood Count in Post-menopausal Women

Oral exogenous estrogen raises C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, but the impact of endogenous hormones is unknown. We examined the cross-sectional relation of several serum hormones with CRP, fibrinogen, and white blood cell count – three inflammatory markers linked prospectively to coronary artery disease. Serum hormones were measured on a sample (n=317) of postmenopausal female participants, with or without carotid intima-media thickening, in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Fibrinogen and white blood cell count were available on all and CRP in a subset (n=57). Adjusted for age, race, and case-control status, mean CRP was 2-fold greater in the highest vs. lowest quartiles of estrone and androstenedione, and CRP was 2-fold less across quartiles of sex hormone binding globulin. These associations were not all statistically significant with this sample size. Fibrinogen and white blood cell count also were associated positively with estrone, androstenedione, and testosterone (and fibrinogen also with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate). Adjustment for other risk factors and especially body mass index, a known determinant of endogenous hormone levels, attenuated most associations. In conclusion, several endogenous sex hormones may influence basal levels of inflammatory markers. Obesity appears to play a modulating role.     

Influence of Birth Weight on White Blood Cell Count in Biracial (Black-White) Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study

The effect of birth weight on white blood cell (WBC) count amongblacks and whites was examined in 2,080 children (aged 4–11years, 57.4% white, and 49.2% male), 892 adolescents (aged 12–17years, 57.2% white, and 50.8% male), and 1,872 adults (aged18–38 years, 68.4% white, and 41.9% male) from Bogalusa,Louisiana, in 2005. After adjustment for age, sex, race, bodymass index, and smoking status (in adolescents and adults),the WBC count decreased across quartiles of increasing birthweight specific for race, sex, and gestational age in children(P_trend = 0.0007) and adults (P_trend = 0.005). In multivariateregression analyses that included the covariates above, birthweight was inversely associated with WBC count in children (βcoefficients (unit, cells/µL per kg) = –256, –241,and –251 for whites, blacks, and the combined sample,with P = 0.003, 0.029, and <0.001, respectively) and in adults(β = –224 and –211 for whites and the combinedsample, with P = 0.015 and 0.008, respectively). These resultsshow that low birth weight is associated with increased systemicinflammation as depicted by the WBC count in childhood and adulthood,thereby potentially linking fetal growth retardation to cardiovasculardisease and diabetes. birth weight; inflammation; leukocyte count