Implant Treatment Record Form

The identification of different dental implants and restorative components is difficult when dental records do not include an inventory of implant components. An implant record form is described. The form should be filled out and retained in the patient's chart for future use and implant maintenance visits.     

68枚Xive种植体的临床应用效果

目的：评价Xive种植体用于修复牙列缺损的临床应用效果。方法：对32例牙列缺损的患者,采用68枚Xive种植体修复治疗,术后随访,记录周围软组织状态、种植体松动度、X线检查种植体周围骨组织情况、患者满意度等指标。结果：68枚种植体所有植体均未发生感染,无松动脱落;全冠修复后,除有2枚修复体出现水平嵌塞,其余患者均较为满意。结论：Xive种植体用于修复牙列缺损效果较为满意。     

Evaluation of Strain at the Terminal Abutment Site of a Fixed Mandibular Implant Prosthesis During Cantilever Loading

Purpose Cantilever lengths from 10 mm to 20 mm have been empirically recommended for Brånemark fixed mandibular implant prostheses. However, functional stresses generated within the framework and at the crestal bone associated with various cantilever lengths have not been well researched. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the strain generated within an implant-supported prosthesis and on a simulated bone surface during functional cantilever loading. Materials and Methods A symmetrical mandibular fixed-implant framework supported by six Nobelpharma 7.0 × 4.0-mm abutments and 15.0 × 4.0-mm fixtures was fabricated. The fixtures were embedded in a simulated bone matrix of polymethyl methacrylate resin. Fourteen different arrangements of active supporting abutments were tested during 15 Ib unilateral static cantilever loading 7 mm, 14 mm and 20 mm distal to the terminal abutments. T-rosette strain gauges were placed immediately distal to the terminal abutment site on the right side of the framework and on the corresponding simulated bone surface. Results There was no difference in framework microstrain as abutment number and arrangement were varied. Microstrain distal to the terminal abutment increased significantly with increasing cantilever length. Distal abutment microstrain increased 213% (63 με to 197 με) when cantilever length was increased from 7 mm to 14 mm and an additional 55% (197 με to 306 με) when cantilever length was increased from 14 mm to 20 mm. Overall, microstrain increased 306% when cantilever length was increased from 7 mm to 20 mm. Microstrain on the framework was always tensile (positive). Microstrain at the simulated bone reached higher maximum levels than on the framework (-588 με versus 314 με) and was compressive in nature (negative). In contrast to framework microstrain, microstrain at the simulated bone site varied dramatically with changes in abutment arrangement. Strains observed at the simulated bone surface increased dramatically as the distance to the adjacent active abutment increased or as the anterior-posterior span of abutments decreased. Distal abutment microstrain also increased significantly at the bone site as cantilever length increased, however, percent increases were less (7 mm to 14 mm, 55%; 14 mm to 20 mm, 30%; 7 mm to 20 mm, 101%). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that an optimum biomechanical environment should exist when cantilever spans exceeding 7 mm are planned regardless of the number of supporting abutments. Strain transmitted to the crestal bone can be decreased by maximizing the number and anterior-posterior spread of supporting fixtures while minimizing the distance between the distal abutment and its adjacent abutment.     

关于提高牙种植体成功率的探讨

作者基于246只牙种植体植入的临床经验，获得近期疗效为97.1%的成功率，提出在目前的普通设备及条件下，提高牙种植体成功率的一些切实可行的有效措施。提示了进行牙种植体植入手术的几项成功要点，为在我国各基层医疗单位更好普及口腔种植修复技术，提供参考依据。     

Histological evidence of osseointegration 4 years after implantation. A case report.

Histological examinations of clinically successful dental implants are very rare in the literature. This article presents a clinical case where an ITI hollow‐cylinder titanium implant type F (red mark, 16 mm) had to be removed simultaneously with the resection of a squamous cell carcinoma of the lower jaw. The duration of functional loading of the implant was 49 months. The fixture was situated at the margin of the tissue to be resected during tumor surgery and could therefore be prepared as a histological specimen independent of the tumorous tissue. In the sections obtained. close contact of alveolar bone to the implant surface was clearly visible. Together with the clinical success of the implant, criteria of osseointegration seems to have been matched. This observation represents the longest histological survery of a clinically successful fixture of this implant system.     

Flaplessly placed 2.4-mm mini-implants for maxillary overdentures: a prospective multicentre clinical cohort study

Studies on flaplessly placed, one-piece mini dental implants (MDIs) supporting overdentures in the maxilla are scarce. This prospective multicenter cohort study evaluated the outcomes (over 2 years) of five to six MDIs placed in the maxilla for overdentures. Study patients were ≥50 years old, with an edentulous maxilla and dentate/fixed prosthesis in the mandible. Dentures were provisionalized with the final connection at 6 months. Implant/prosthetic survival was evaluated, and postoperative discomfort and patient satisfaction were assessed (rating scale). Of 185 MDIs placed in 31 patients, 32 failed in 16 patients (17.3%); 22/83 in female patients and 10/102 in male patients. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed survival percentages of 86.3% (6 months), 84.0% (1 year), and 82.3% (2 years). Two patients lost five or six MDIs resulting in two prosthetic failures (6.5%). Implant loss was significantly affected by sex, but not by smoking or location. The worst treatment combination was a torque value >25 N·cm with an antagonist implant overdenture. The mean pain score was 4.1 ± 2.8 on day 1 and 1.1 ± 1.7 on day 7. The mean final satisfaction score was 8.6 ± 1.7. The majority (96%) of the patients would recommend this treatment. Despite higher MDI failure in the maxilla compared to the mandible, prosthetic survival was acceptable and patient satisfaction was high, suggesting this to be a valuable treatment alternative.     

即刻种植即刻修复的临床疗效观察

目的：观察前牙区拔牙后即刻种植即刻修复的临床效果。方法：对4例前牙种植病例，在拔牙后即刻植入6枚Friait-2或Xive种植体，同时接入Pro—Tect基台行复合树脂临时冠／桥修复，根据骨质情况，3—6个月后，行永久性修复。结果：追踪12～27个月，全部种植体成功。结论：严格掌握好适应证，拔牙后即刻种植即刻修复，临床效果良好。     

骨内即刻种植的临床应用

对21例患者37枚即刻种植义齿的临床应用，取得满意的临床疗效。本文对即刻种植义齿能够在临床上取得成功的困素进行了探讨。作者认为只要严格掌握有关适应证，精心手术，以及采用正确的修复设计方法，即刻种植义齿将会在临床上得到更广泛的应用     

Occlusal considerations in implant therapy: clinical guidelines with biomechanical rationale

Due to lack of the periodontal ligament, osseointegrated implants, unlike natural teeth, react biomechanically in a different fashion to occlusal force. It is therefore believed that dental implants may be more prone to occlusal overloading, which is often regarded as one of the potential causes for peri-implant bone loss and failure of the implant/implant prosthesis. Overloading factors that may negatively influence on implant longevity include large cantilevers, parafunctions, improper occlusal designs, and premature contacts. Hence, it is important to control implant occlusion within physiologic limit and thus provide optimal implant load to ensure a long-term implant success. The purposes of this paper are to discuss the importance of implant occlusion for implant longevity and to provide clinical guidelines of optimal implant occlusion and possible solutions managing complications related to implant occlusion. It must be emphasized that currently there is no evidence-based, implant-specific concept of occlusion. Future studies in this area are needed to clarify the relationship between occlusion and implant success.     

埋入型Frialit-2种植体用于一次手术式即刻种植的临床研究

目的：为解决即刻种植软组织不足，免除二次手术给病人造成的心理负担。方法：对18例23颗即刻种植，种植体周不存在楔形间隙的病例在种植体植人同时同期安放愈合基台，采用开放愈合。结果：追踪12个月以上，修复后平均9个月，23颗种植体骨结合良好，没有种植体丢失。结论：即刻种植采用开放愈合可克服软组织不足导致的美学问题，严格选择适应证早期可以取得良好的骨结合。     

Surgical factors influencing mesiodistal implant angulation

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this experimental study was to identify relevant surgical parameters influencing the mesiodistal angular deviation of dental implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pilot drillings of 2 mm diameter were performed in bovine ribs with a parallelometer. The subsequent preparation of the implant socket was performed freehand. Utilizing six different implant systems, at least 80 drillings per system of different diameters were performed. The pilot drillings were marked with 2 mm steel pins and cephalometric radiographs were taken. The mesiodistal angle between the longitudinal implant axis and the marked pilot drillings was measured and evaluated by a blinded investigator. To evaluate the influence of the surgeons' experience, their drillings were compared with those of a group of unexperienced surgeons. Additionally, the influence of drilling speed and size of bur steps on drilling accuracy were evaluated. RESULTS: The difference between the lowest value of 0.91 degrees of mesiodistal angular deviation found for 3i implants and the highest of 1.36 degrees for Ankylos implants was of low statistical significance (P=0.065). Drillings of experienced surgeons showed less deviation compared with those of a beginners group (P<0.0001). Higher deviations were measured when a bur size was skipped. Drillings performed at high speed showed significantly higher deviations than those with fewer rewinds per minute. CONCLUSION: In order to achieve precise implant angulation, all bur diameters available should be used. Utilizing low drilling speeds results in less mesiodistal deviation. The surgeon's experience seems to be the most relevant factor in precise implant placement.     

Histological and histomorphometric evaluation of immediate implant placement on a dog model with a new implant surface treatment

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate crestal bone resorption and bone apposition resulting from immediate post‐extraction implants in the canine mandible, comparing a conditioned sandblasted acid‐etched implant surface with a non‐conditioned standard sandblasted implant surface. Material and methods: In this experimental study, third and fourth premolars and distal roots of first molars were extracted bilaterally from six Beagle dog mandibles. Each side of the mandible received three assigned dental implants, with the conditioned surface (CS) on the right side and the non‐conditioned surface (NCS) on the left. The dogs were sacrificed at 2 (n=2), 4 (n=2) and 12 weeks (n=2) after implant placement. Results: The microscopic healing patterns at 2, 4 and 12 weeks for both implant types (CS and NCS) yielded similar qualitative bone findings. The mean crestal bone resorption was found to be greater for all implants with NCS (2.28±1.9 mm) than CS (1.21±1.05 mm) at 12 weeks. The mean percentage of newly formed bone in contact with implants was greater in implants CS (44.67±0.19%) than with the NCS (36,6±0.11%). There was less bone resorption with the CS than the NCS. Conclusion: The data show significantly more bone apposition (8% more) and less crestal bone resorption (1.07 mm) with the CS than with the NCS after 12 weeks of healing. This CS can reduce the healing period and increase bone apposition in immediate implant placements. To cite this article:
Calvo‐Guirado JL, Ortiz‐Ruiz AJ, Negri B, López‐Marí L, Rodriguez‐Barba C, Schlottig F. Histological and histomorphometric evaluation of immediate implant placement on a dog model with a new implant surface treatment.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21 , 2010; 308–315.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01841.x     

267枚骨内种植体在临床应用中的疗效观察

我科自1992－1995年采用多种骨内种植体对186例患者进行了267枚人工牙种植修复，取得满意的临床疗效。作者对取得种植成功的因素进行了探讨，认为种植体及其修复能否取得长期成功的关键，在于种植材料的生物相容性和金属机械性能、病例的选择、术前周密的计划和手术操作技术，以及种植牙的修复系统。     

前牙种植术后上部结构的早期修复

目的：依据即刻加载种植理论,对一期法种植前牙进行早期、永久性牙冠修复。方法：CDIC锥状爆旋和叶状种植体植入前牙缺失区,术后一周内完成釉质瓷或烤瓷牙冠修复。结果：42枚前牙种植义齿随访0．5－2年,临床成功率95％。结论：前CDIC种植后,在无创伤He条件下,可不经临时义齿过渡期,而直接进行早期,永久性牙冠修复,该方法能缩短修复周期,节省治疗费用,有利于保持牙槽嵴高度,及时满意患者美观要求,亦能更充分地体现CDIC种植体优越性。     

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目的：探讨前牙区、双尖牙区、磨牙区即刻种植的临床效果。方法选择2007年1月至2012年1月在湛江市第一中医院口腔科就诊的种植病例36例,微创拔除患牙后即刻植入CDIC种植体39枚,其中上颌前牙区18枚,下颌前牙区7枚,上颌双尖牙区11枚,下颌第一磨牙区3枚。除磨牙区延期修复外,其他牙位均在48 h内做临时冠修复。3～6个月后完成烤瓷冠永久修复。所有患者修复后追踪随访1～6年。结果上颌前牙区、下颌前牙区、上颌双尖牙区种植体均有良好的骨结合,观察期内成功率均为100%;下颌第一磨牙区有1枚于18个月后发生松动而脱落,观察期内成功率为66.6%。结论在适当选择病例的情况下,即刻种植可成功应用于临床,且在前牙区、双尖牙区成功率较高,磨牙区成功率略低。     

Clinical study of patients whose dental implants were removed

Twenty-nine cases including 13 males and 16 females, aged 24 to 71 years (average age of 53.7±11.6), whose dental implants were removed at our deparments for past thirteen years from 1985 to 1998 have been retrospectively discussed. Implants were placed in 26 partial edentulous and 3 totally edentulous, 14 for maxilla, 13 for mandible, 2 for both jaws were removed. These implants included 14 blade, 6 endosseous, 14 subperiosteal, 3 endodontic, and 2 home-made implants. Durations from implant placement to removal were 10 days to 20 years (average of 78.3±83.7 months). Causes of removal were 12 local infections, 4 maxillary sinusitis, 2 nerve disturbances and 1 psycologic problem.

     

CDIC柱状螺纹种植体系统——设计特点与性能

CDIC柱状螺纹种植体系统，是华西医科大学卫生部口腔种植科技中心研制的新一代纯钛骨性结合种植体系统，本文介绍了该系统研制的设计思想，结构特点，并对其生物学性能，生物力学性能，修复美学性能和临床操作性能等进行了讨论