神经生长因子对痴呆模型鼠海马突触素的影响

切断SD老年鼠(24月龄)左侧穹窿海马伞.造成隔海马胆碱能系统损害的痴呆模型. 用免疫组化和图像分析技术分析神经生长因子对痴呆鼠海马突触素的影响.实验证明损伤一个月后.损伤对照组损伤侧海马CAI区多形层、辐射层、腔隙分子层和齿状回分子层突触素含量分别是减少了28.17% 、32.15%、17.36%和35.22%:NGF治疗组、损伤侧海马CAI区多形层、辐射层、腔隙分子层和齿状回分子层突触素含量只减少了6.17%、5.52%、13.50%和3.81%.提示神经生长因子能够促使痴呆鼠海马内突触素含量的增多.     

外源性硫化氢对海洛因依赖大鼠海马长时程增强的影响

目的:观察外源性H2S供体NaHS对海洛因依赖大鼠学习记忆能力及海马LTP的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分成3组:正常对照组、heroin组、heroin+NaHS组。先通过跳台实验检测大鼠学习记忆能力,然后记录高频刺激(HFS)前后在体海马CA1区群体峰电位(PS)变化,诱导长时程增强(LTP)的产生,最后通过Nissl染色观察海马神经元的损伤情况。结果:与对照组比较,heroin组和heroin+NaHS组学习记忆成绩均降低(P<0.05),PS幅值变化率减小(P<0.01),且形态学观察可见海马神经元损伤;与heroin组比较,heroin+NaHS组学习记忆成绩提高(P<0.05),PS幅值变化率增大(P<0.01),海马神经元损伤较轻。结论:(1)海洛因依赖导致大鼠海马神经元损伤,抑制海马CA1区LTP的产生,从而降低正常学习记忆能力;(2)外源性H2S可减轻海洛因依赖对大鼠海马神经元的损伤,易化海马CA1区LTP的产生,改善海洛因依赖导致的正常学习记忆能力的降低。     

锌缺乏对小鼠海马长时程增强的影响

目的探讨锌缺乏对小鼠海马区域锌离子含量以及长时程增强(LTP)的影响。方法 3周龄CD-1小鼠饲以低锌饲料(0.85mg/kg)和去离子水5周进行实验。应用金属自显影技术(AMG)检测低锌饲料喂养对小鼠海马游离锌离子含量的影响;在小鼠海马齿状回的苔藓纤维层插入刺激电极,在CA3区锥体细胞层插入记录电极,记录高频刺激后海马苔藓纤维CA3区引起的峰电位(PS)和兴奋性突触后电位(f-EPSP)的变化,分析锌缺乏对小鼠海马LTP形成的影响。结果 AMG结果显示锌缺乏小鼠海马CA1,CA3和齿状回区域的锌离子含量明显降低(P<0.05-0.01);电生理检测结果表明锌缺乏小鼠在高频刺激后海马苔藓纤维的PS和f-EPSP均显著下降(P<0.01),提示锌缺乏抑制小鼠海马长时程增强的形成。结论锌缺乏使小鼠海马游离锌离子含量下降,参与对海马长时程增强形成的抑制。     

一氧化氮对高频电刺激后海马长时程增强和c-fos表达的影响

本研究采用海马离体脑片胞外记录电生理技术和免疫组化技术,观察了一氧化氮对高频电刺激后海马ＣＡ１ 区长时程增强和ｃ ｆｏｓ表达的影响。结果表明：一氧化氮合酶的抑制剂ＮＧ 硝基精氨酸和一氧化氮耗竭剂血红蛋白显著抑制了长时程增强的产生,而在同一海马脑片上所表达的ｃ ｆｏｓ蛋白样免疫反应未见明显变化。提示一氧化氮参与了长时程增强的过程,但不参与高频电刺激后ｃ ｆｏｓ的表达。     

神经生长因子对痴呆模型鼠海马突触表的影响

切断ＳＤ老年鼠左侧穹窿海马伞，造成隔海马胆碱能系统损害的痴呆模型。用免疫组化和图像分析技术分析神经生长因子对痴呆鼠海马突触素的影响。实验证明损伤一个月后，损伤对照组损伤侧海马ＣＡ１区多形层、辐射层、隙分以和齿状因子分子层突触素含量分别是减少了２８．４７、３２．４５％、４７．３６％和３５．２２％；ＮＧＦ治疗组，损伤侧海马ＣＡ１区多形层、辐射层、腔隙分子层和齿状回分子层突触素含量只减少了６．１７％、５     

海马长时程增强形成机制的研究近况

长时程增强现象是学习和记忆的细胞机制，它的形成是突触前后机制共同参与的结果。海马是神经系统参与第一级记忆的关键部位。突触前的递质释放和突触后的Ｃａ２＋通道、蛋白激酶，尤其是逆行性信使与海马长时程增强的关系密切     

PAF对大鼠海马脑片CA1区长时程增强效应的影响

目的 :艾滋病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒 (humanimmunodeficiencyvirus ,HIV)引起。HIV - 1直接感染脑引起神经病理变化导致认知和行为障碍 ,称为艾滋病痴呆症综合症 (HIV - 1-associateddementiacomplex ,HAD)。大量证据显示HIV - 1感染 ,免疫激活MPS分泌一系列神经毒 ,包括来源于HIV - 1感染MPS的因子 (如细胞因子、PAF、兴奋性氨基酸等 )和来源于病毒的因子(gp12 0、tat、nef)等 ,这些毒素被广泛认为是HAD病理发生因子。但有关血小板激活因子 (platelet-activatingfactor,PAF)如何通过对大鼠海马脑片CA1区LTP的作用而参与HAD…     

穹窿海马伞切断鼠脑突触素动态变化及Morris水迷宫重复训练对其影响

目的在Morris水迷宫(MWM)重复训练的过程中观察穹窿海马伞切断大鼠的突触素(SYN)动态变化探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发病机制和MWM重复训练学习和记忆能力对AD的影响,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法采用wistar大鼠60只,随机分为对照组、模型组和实验组,建模后连续四周给予Morris水迷宫重复训练定位航行和探索训练,分别评定大鼠空间学习和记忆能力,后进行海马突触素(SYN)免疫组化染色和超微电镜观察并进行统计学处理。结果随着训练次数的增加,对照组、模型组、实验组逃逸时间均逐渐缩短,实验组短于模型组,长于对照组(P0.05),提示空间学习能力得到提高。对照组、模型组和实验组大鼠在靶象限活动时间(s)百分比无明显差异(P0.05),提示空间记忆能力无明显提高。SYN免疫组化实验组SYN表达高于模型组,弱于对照组。结论MWM重复训练增加海马SYN表达可能与提高穹窿海马伞切断大鼠空间学习能力有关。     

Neurturin和NGF对老年性痴呆模型鼠海马突触素表达的影响

为了探讨联合应用 Neurturin和神经生长因子对老年性痴呆模型鼠海马突触素的影响 ,本研究采用切断成年 SD大鼠左侧穹窿海马伞 ,建立隔 -海马胆碱能系统损害的痴呆模型 ,损伤 4周后 ,用免疫组化和图象分析技术等方法对大鼠海马突触素进行定量分析。结果显示 ,损伤对照组损伤侧海马 CA1 区多形层、辐射层、腔隙分子层和齿状回分子层突触素含量分别减少了42 .60 %、46.0 4%、5 7.3 6%和 5 5 .2 2 % ,损伤对照组与正常对照组之间有高度显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 1) ;NGF治疗组损伤侧海马CA1 区多形层、辐射层、腔隙分子层和齿状回分子层突触素含量分别只减少了 3 3 .64 %、3 8.2 5 %、3 8.42 %和 2 7.64 % ,NGF治疗组与损伤对照组之间有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;联合治疗组损伤侧海马 CA1 区多形层、辐射层、腔隙分子层和齿状回分子层突触素含量分别只减少了 9.97%、8.0 5 %、14 .70 %和 4.2 8% ,联合治疗组与损伤对照组之间有高度显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 1)。结论 :联合应用 neurturin和 NGF促使老年性痴呆模型鼠海马突触素含量增多的效果较单用 NGF治疗好     

雷公藤内酯醇对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠海马突触素表达及突触超微结构的影响

目的:探讨雷公藤内酯醇对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠海马突触素表达及突触超微结构的影响.方法:大鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、治疗组.模型组给予双侧海马各一次性注射凝聚态Aβ1-4010μg,治疗组在海马注射凝聚态Aβ1-40后,每日腹腔注射雷公藤内酯醇0 4mg/kg, 15d后用免疫组织化学方法和蛋白免疫印迹技术检测海马突触素表达情况,透射电镜观察突触结构的变化.结果:与模型组相比,治疗组海马区突触素免疫反应阳性产物数量(152 80±15 76)及平均光密度(0 3180±0 0278)均增加;突触素表达总量(1917 71±41 02)及密度比值(0 87±0 03)亦增加;突触结构较清晰,界面增长,突触后电子致密物增厚.结论:雷公藤内酯醇可以增加阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠海马突触素的表达,减轻阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠海马突触损伤程度.     

低氧大鼠海马脑片CA1区长时程增强的变化及ACTH的作用

目的: 研究ACTH对低氧海马脑片CA1区长时程增强的影响。方法: 细胞外记录海马脑片CA1区诱发的群峰电位(PS)和强直刺激诱发的长时程增强(LTP)。结果: 低氧(5% O₂+90% N₂+5% CO₂或11.2% O₂+83.8% N₂+5% CO₂)灌流海马脑片后, LTP的诱出时间显著延长、诱出率明显降低, PS迅速减少并逐渐消失。预先灌流ACTH可改善上述效应。结论: 低氧可损害海马脑片CA1区LTP的诱发过程, ACTH可使之改善。     

Inhibitory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on long-term potentiation induced in hippocampal slices of rats

It is well known that hippocampus plays important roles in learning and memory. Both calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and CGRP receptors are found in hippocampus. In the present study we explored the influence of CGRP on long term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1. Our results demonstrated that CGRP inhibited the LTP induced by high frequency stimulation (HFS) in hippocampal CA1 neurons in rat brain slices. The inhibitory effect was blocked by CGRP receptor-1 antagonist CGRP 8-37. The results indicate that both CGRP and CGRP receptor 1 are involved in the modulation process of LTP in hippocampus of rats.     

Increased Ca-uptake of presynaptic terminals during long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices

Summary A combined electrophysiological and neurochemical study was performed on the CA1 area of hippocampal slices in an attempt to identify changes in presynaptic nerve terminal function in long-term potentiation (LTP). After controlled induction of LTP in CA1, the activated region was subjected to subcellular fractionation followed by ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ uptake determinations. Synaptosomes prepared from slices in which LTP has been induced showed a faster risetime and a higher level of saturation for K⁺-induced Ca-uptake than those derived from unstimulated and stimulated control slices. These findings point to a participation of presynaptic terminals in long-term potentiation.     

Early undernutrition impairs hippocampal long-term potentiation in adult rats

Following high-frequency stimulation of hippocampal dentate granule cells, potentiation was difficult to achieve in undernourished animals, showed a significant decline within 3 to 6 hr, and was completely absent at 24 hr. Further trains of stimulation resulted in only small benefits in undernourished animals. Coupled with previously reported morphological and behavioral deficits, these findings indicate a marked hippocampal dysfunction resulting from early undernutrition and provide a potentially valuable approach for relating nutritionally induced behavioral impairments to brain function.     

Effects of experimental hypercapnia on hippocampal long-term potentiation in anesthetized rats

The effects of hypercapnia, which has been reported to impair consciousness, on the long-term potentiation of the population spike in the CA1 pyramidal cell of the hippocampus in anesthetized rats were studied. Experimental hypercapnemia was induced by inspired 13% CO₂ with 21% O₂. Arterial blood gas analysis after 80 min inspired 13% CO₂ showed pH 7.08±0.05, PCO₂=104.09±12.86 mmHg, PO₂=90.71±18.89 mmHg, BE −4.64±2.97 (mean±SD, n=18). Inspired 13% CO₂ reduced the amplitude of the population spike to 50% of the baseline. After delivery of tetanic stimulation (400 Hz, five bursts of eight pulses, inter-burst interval 1 s) population spike height was enhanced to pre-tetanic levels. Withdrawal of inspired CO₂ unmasked an increase in population spike amplitude. These findings suggest that acute retention of carbon dioxide, which is designated as pure hypercapnemia without hypoxemia, may suppress hippocampal synaptic transmission but not its plasticity.     

Effects of experimental hypercapnia on hippocampal long-term potentiation in anesthetized rats

Neuronal voltage-dependent P/Q Ca2+ channels are genetically abnormal in many cases of familial hemiplegic migraine and possibly associated with the more common forms of migraine with and without aura. Besides the brain, these channels are found in motor nerve endings where they control stimulation-induced acetylcholine release. Using single fiber EMG recordings we were able to demonstrate subclinical abnormalities of neuromuscular transmission in a subgroup of patients suffering from migraine with aura. This could be related to genetic abnormalities of P/Q Ca2+ channels in certain patients suffering from migraine with aura, which needs to be explored by proper genetic analyses.     

Inhibitory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on long-term potentiation induced in hippocampal slices of rats

This study was designed to determine whether a 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist could induce a conditioned place preference indicative of reward and/or abuse potential. Here, we present the first evidence that a selective 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist, 6-chloro-5-ethoxy-N-(pyridin-2-yl)indoline-1-carboxamide hydrochloride (CEPC), can potentiate a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) amphetamine-induced positive conditioned place preference (CPP). CEPC did not produce any CPP given alone at doses of either 2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg, whereas low dose amphetamine alone produced only a slight, but statistically nonsignificant, place preference. These studies suggest that 5-HT_2C receptor antagonists can indirectly potentiate the rewarding effects of amphetamine, and perhaps other psychostimulants. If the results can be translated to man, putative 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist treatments for anxiety or depression may enhance or potentiate the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse such as amphetamine, which release dopamine.     

Pyroglutamyl-Asparagine amide normalizes long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices

Preapplication of peptide piracetam analogue pyroglutamyl-asparagine amide to rat hippocampal slices facilitates long-term potentiation of focal responses in the CA1 field after weak tetanization of the synaptic input (30 pulses, 100 Hz). This treatment normalized the development of long-term potentiation after standard tetanization (100 pulses, 100 Hz) impaired by ethanol. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 8, pp. 176–179, August, 2004 This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 01-04-48304).     

Sleep deprivation impairs long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices

To determine if 12-h sleep deprivation disrupts neural plasticity, we compared long-term potentiation (LTP) in five sleep-deprived and five control rats. Thirty minutes after tetanus population spike amplitude increased 101 +/- 15% in 16 slices from sleep deprived rats and 139 +/- 14% in 14 slices from control rats. This significant (P < 0.05) reduction of LTP, the first demonstration that the sleep deprivation protocol impairs plasticity in adult rats, may be due to several factors. Reduced LTP may indicate that sleep provides a period of recuperation for cellular processes underlying neural plasticity. Alternatively, the stress of sleep deprivation, as indicated by elevated blood corticosterone levels, or other non-sleep-specific factors of deprivation may contribute to the LTP reduction.     

Heterogeneous spatial patterns of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices

Although LTP (long-term potentiation) of synaptic transmission has received much attention as a model for learning and memory, its function within a neural circuit context remains poorly understood. To monitor LTP over an extensive circuit, we imaged responses in hippocampal slices using a voltage-sensitive dye. Following theta-burst stimulation, evoked optical signals showed an increase that lasted 40 min or more. Weak stimuli only potentiated the local area around the stimulating electrode, but stronger stimuli induced LTP over a wide area with a complex and non-uniform spatial pattern. The expression of LTP showed distinct peaks and valleys that depended on which axons were activated. Interestingly, the spatial distribution of LTP bore no relation to the spatial distribution of single-shock responses, but closely resembled the distribution of postsynaptic spikes evoked by theta bursts. Thus, postsynaptic spikes during induction constitute a critical determinant for the expression of LTP in intact circuits.