强直性脊柱炎伴发炎症性肠病的临床资料分析

目的分析强直性脊柱炎(AS)伴发炎症性肠病(IBD)的临床特征及功能状态,探讨AS合并与未合并IBD者间的差异,提高对其的认识,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法从脊柱关节炎智能管理系统中选2016年4月至2017年6月连续就诊于解放军总医院第一医学中心风湿科门诊就诊的AS患者,通过消化内镜或病理检查确诊(包括溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病)IBD。分析其临床资料,包括一般资料、病情评估、实验室检查、疾病严重程度评价。结果共纳入893例AS患者,男739例,女154例,年龄(30.8±8.8)岁。AS合并IBD者64例,未合并IBD者829例。合并IBD者年龄高于未合并IBD者[(34.5±7.5)岁比(30.5±8.8)岁,P<0.001],病程长于未合并IBD者[(10.8±6.9)年比(8.1±5.9)年,P=0.001]。合并IBD者更易出现颈椎[21.9%(14/64)比10.5%(87/829),P=0.006]、胸椎[29.7%(19/64)比12.3%(102/829),P<0.001]受累,且易合并葡萄膜炎[28.1%(18/64)比16.4%(136/829),P=0.017]和银屑病[7.8%(5/64)比2.3%(19/829),P=0.009]。合并IBD者Bath AS疾病活动度(BASDAI)、Bath AS功能指数(BASFI)、国际脊柱关节炎评价协会健康指数(ASAS HI)均高于未合并IBD者[BASDAI:3.3±2.1比2.4±1.8,P<0.001;BASFI:2.2(1.0,3.3)比1.1(0.2,2.4),P<0.001;ASAS HI:7.1±4.3比5.3±3.7,P=0.001]。结论合并IBD的AS患者疾病活动度更高,机体功能和总体健康指数更差,发生银屑病和葡萄膜炎的机会增加。     

Ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease. I. Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis.

To establish the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 79 AS patients underwent detailed medical screening, including sigmoidoscopic and roentgenological examination, 48 had gastrointestinal symptoms and the others did not. In 3 patients a diagnosis of Crohn's disease was made which was previously established. In all other patients inflammatory bowel disease could be excluded. The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in this series of patients with AS therefore was 3.8%.     

Ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease. II. Prevalence of peripheral arthritis, sacroiliitis, and ankylosing spondylitis in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease.

To establish the prevalence of peripheral arthritis, radiographic sacroiliitis, and ankylosing spondylitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 58 consecutive patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC) and 51 with Crohn's disease (CD) underwent a detailed rheumatological examination. In addition, all patients were screened for the presence of the antigen HLA B27. Peripheral arthritis was found in 14 (8 UC, 6 CD) patients (12.8%); radiographic sacroiliitis was diagnosed in 11 (5 UC, 6 CD) (10.1%), of whom 10 were asymptomatic; and ankylosing spondylitis was diagnosed in 2 UC and 2 CD patients (3.7%). 18.9% of the UC and 3.9% of the CD patients were HLA B27 positive. One of the 11 patients with radiographic sacroiliitis and 2 of the 4 with ankylosing spondylitis had the HLA B27 antigen. Peripheral arthritis, radiographic sacroiliitis, and ankylosing spondylitis are apparently frequent manifestations in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Asymptomatic radiographic sacroiliitis in these patients appears to differ from idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis, both clinically and genetically. Evaluation of subjective rheumatological complaints, necessary for a confident diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, according to the New York criteria is difficult during a flare-up of the inflammatory bowel process, as was shown in 4 CD cases with marked limitation of lumbovertebral function and chest expansion, but no radiological abnormalities of the SI joints.     

HLA B27 and the genetics of ankylosing spondylitis.

One hundred and twenty-eight of 145 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were found to be HLA B27 positive. Five patients had evidence of a sero-negative peripheral arthritis resembling peripheral psoriatic arthritis and 3 of these were B27 negative. One further B27 negative patients had a sister with ankylosing spondylitis and ulcerative colitis and a mother with ulcerative colitis. There was evidence of a somewhat later age of onset of symptoms in B27 negative patients. These findings are interpreted as suggesting some degree of clinical and genetic heterogeneity in ankylosing spondylitis with genes for psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease being important in some individuals, particularly those who are B27 negative. Twenty-five first-degree relatives with ankylosing spondylitis were all B27 positive. The only instance of disassociation of B27 and spondylitis in a family was where the proband had ulcerative colitis as well as spondylitis. Of 13 B27 positive fathers 3 could be diagnosed as having definite ankylosing spondylitis (23%). These findings are thought to provide evidence against the concept that the gene for ankylosing spondylitis is not B27 but a closely linked gene and favour the occurrence of an environmental event affecting approximately one-fifth of B27 positive males to result in disease.     

The frequency of sacroileitis and ankylosing spondylitis in inflammatory bowel disease and HLA-B27 association.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of sacroileitis and ankylosing spondylitis in inflammatory bowel disease and the relationship between disease activity, joint symptoms and HLA-B27 antigen positivity. METHODS: Sacroiliac joint radiography and three phase bone scanning of 33 ulcerative colitis patients (17 active and 16 in remission) and 29 Crohn's disease patients (15 active and 14 in remission) was performed. HLA-B27 was determined in all patients and 60 control subjects. RESULTS: Sacroileitis was found in 10 out of 33 patients with ulcerative colitis (30. 30%) and seven out of 29 patients with Crohn's disease (24. 13%). Of these patients, eleven had active (17.73%) disease and six were in remission (9. 68%). The diagnosis of sacroileitis was made by bone radiography in seven patients (41.18%) and by bone scanning in the other 10 patients (58.82%). A diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis was made in three patients (17. 64%) who had previously been diagnosed by bone radiography to have sacroileitis. HLA-B27 was positive in six patients (9.67%) with inflammatory bowel disease and three subjects (5%) of the control group. There were no significant differences between these two groups (p>0.05). Compared to the control group, all three patients with ankylosing spondylitis were HLA-B27 positive, the difference being significant (p>0. 01). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical course of sacroileitis is independent of the activitiy of inflammatory bowel disease. Accordingly, patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially those with sacroileitis, should be investigated for the presence of anklylosing spondylitis.     

Prevalence of occult inflammatory bowel disease in ankylosing spondylitis.

Fifty-five patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 16 control patients matched for sex and age were examined for evidence of occult inflammatory bowel disease. In all patients evaluation included history and physical examination, barium enema, sigmoidoscopy, and rectal biopsy. The results of this study suggest that there is no increased prevalence of occult inflammatory bowel disease in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.     

HLA antigens in ankylosing spondylitis associated with Crohn's disease. Increased frequency of the HLA phenotype B27,B44

In a consecutive case study 231 patients with Crohn's disease were investigated for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and HLA-A, B, C, DR antigen association. Eighteen patients (7.8%) had definite AS according to the New York criteria; 13 (72%) were HLA-B27 positive. The phenotype B27,B44 was seen in 8 patients (44%) compared to only 3 (1%) of 300 controls (p less than 10(-7), and 1 (0.5%) of 213 patients with Crohn's disease without AS (p less than 10(-7). We conclude that patients with the phenotype B27,B44 are highly at risk (relative risk = 68.8) for the common manifestation of Crohn's disease and AS.     

Radiological manifestations in 200 patients with ankylosing spondylitis: correlation with clinical features and HLA B27.

The radiological manifestations of 200 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were appraised, and correlated with the patient's sex, anterior uveitis, and HLA B27. Radiological findings in female patients were no different from male patients. Only syndesmophyte formation in the spine was found significantly more frequently in patients with uveitis and HLA B27. Osteoporosis of the spine correlated strongly with a later age of onset, longer duration of the disease, older age at the time of study, Romanus lesions, syndesmophytes, spinal fusion, osteitis pubis, and widespread radiological destructive peripheral joint disease. Syndesmophytes were most frequently present at the dorso-lumbar junction. Spondylodiscitis was present in 8 patients and was most commonly present in the thoracic spine.     

Polymorphonuclear cell motility, ankylosing spondylitis, and HLA B27.

Polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) function was studied in 29 subjects with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Of these, 20 were HLA B27+ve and 9 B27-ve. There were 30 controls and, of these, 15 were B27+ve. Random and directed cell migration was measured by 2 techniques: migration through a micropore filter and migration under an agar film. The chemo-attractant was either case in-activated serum or zymosan-activated serum. By both techniques directed motility was increased in subjects with B27 or with AS when compared to the B27-ve controls. This suggests that the disease AS and the possession of B27 are both associated with increased PMN motility.     

Correlation of HLA B27 subtypes with clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis

Aim: The aim of the present study was to identify the B*27 subtypes associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in our population and correlate them with clinical features of AS. Method: Whole blood samples were collected from 81 HLA‐B27 positive AS patients and 29 controls (asymptomatic healthy unrelated individuals) positive for HLA‐B27. Clinical details of the patients were recorded which included history of inflammatory back pain, sacroiliitis, spine involvement, enthesitis, peripheral arthritis and uveitis. HLA‐B27 subtypes were detected using commercially available techniques. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The subtypes observed in AS patients were B*2705 (67.9%, 55/81), B*2704 (28.4%, 23/81), B*2707 (2/81) and B*2702 (1/81). Subtypes in the controls were B*2705 (62.07%, 18/29), B*2707 (27.59%, 8/29) and B*2704 (10.34%, 3/29). Uveitis was observed more in B*2704‐positive AS patients (34.78%, 8/23) compared to B*2705‐positive AS patients (16.36%, 9/55). However, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.130). No major differences were found between B*2705 and B*2704 for other clinical features. Conclusion: B*2705 was the main subtype observed in both patient and control groups. Frequency of B*2704 was more in AS patients compared to controls. Occurrence of AS‐associated uveitis was more often in B*2704‐positive AS patients compared to B*2705‐positive ones.     

Clinical characteristics of patients with ankylosing spondylitis in India

This study focuses on describing full spectrum of clinical, laboratory, and radiological characterization of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients in India. Data on 70 consecutive AS patients, seen at the rheumatology clinic in India, was prospectively obtained using investigator-administered questionnaires. Diagnosis was made according to the modified New York criteria. The core set of variables selected by Assessment in AS International society were obtained. The differences in clinical characteristics based on presence or absence of peripheral arthritis, gender, and juvenile (JOAS) vs. adult onset AS (AOAS) were evaluated. The male/female ratio was 5:1. The mean age of onset of symptoms and diagnosis were 23.6 and 32.5 years, respectively. Females had similar spinal indices and radiological damage as male counterpart. However, they had more common extra-articular manifestations and root joint involvement. The majority of patients consisted of AOAS (78.5%) and was clinically similar to JOAS. One or more peripheral joints were involved in 65.7% of patients, affecting predominantly the lower extremity (90.6%, knee 47.1%, and ankle 35.7%) in asymmetrical pattern (78%). Patients with peripheral arthritis had higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, more frequent enthesitis, root joint, and whole spine involvement, suggesting more aggressive disease. Most common site of enthesitis was chondro-sternal junction (30%) and Achilles tendonitis (24.3%). The root joints frequently involved extra-axial joints. Uveitis was the most common extra-articular manifestation (25.7%). The predominant initial symptom was typical inflammatory low back pain (87.1%). Assessment in ankylosing spondylitis indices showed a moderately severe disease activity and damage with following values: mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, 3.2 (±1.8); mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, 2.3 (±2.0); and mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, 3.15 (±2.3). Majority of the patients had bilateral sacroiliitis (grades 2–4) on radiographs (87.1%). In conclusion, the features of AS in Indian patients were broadly similar to other part of world, with the exception of increased frequency of peripheral arthritis.     

379例炎症性肠病临床特征分析

目的探讨炎症性肠病(IBD)患者的临床特征。方法收集1994年至2003年浙江省邵逸夫医院确诊的IBD患者相关资料共379例，分析其临床特点。结果379例患者中，有317例为溃疡性结肠炎(UC)，62例为克罗恩病(CD)，男女之比分别为1．1：1和1．7：1，平均诊断年龄分别是44与33岁。1994年IBD入院患者构成比为31／10^6，而2003年为152／10^6。在UC患者中，11．4％为直肠炎，25．2％为直乙状结肠炎，18．6％为左半结肠炎，全结肠炎为44．8％。22．4％的患者入院治疗，其中仅39．4％患者诊断为重症UC，9例UC患者伴有关节炎，3例出现葡萄膜炎及巩膜炎。CD患者中有25．8％病变局限于末端回肠，24．2％为结肠，32．3％为回结肠，而17．7％病变累及回肠以上部位。33例患者(53．2％)入院治疗，16例有手术史。结论本院近9年来IBD发病数明显增多，以UC患者为主，但症状的严重程度低，肠外表现少。     

"Ankylosing spondylitis" without sacroiliitis in a woman without the HLA B27 antigen.

An elderly woman with otherwise typical ankylosing spondylitis for 45 years lacked radiologic evidence of sacroiliitis and the HLA B27 antigen. The illness was complicated by renal tuberculosis requiring a left nephrectomy 23 years after the onset of low back pain, and 20 years after an episode of severe iritis. After the eradication of the tuberculosis by surgery and chemotherapy, she has continued to have symptomatic spondylitis. The case seems to be an exception to the rule that sacroiliitis is a sine qua non for ankylosing spondylitis. Women with ankylosing spondylitis tend to have milder disease with an apparently lower frequency of roentgenographic changes in sacroiliac joints.     

Comparison of osteitis condensans ilii and ankylosing spondylitis in female patients: clinical, radiological and HLA typing characteristics

A study comparing 12 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to 25 with osteitis condensans ilii (OCI), referred to a rheumatic disease center, was carried out to determine whether OCI represents a varient of AS in women. In the group with OCI, chronic lumbodorsal pain was present in 9, 36%, a 'fibrositis' syndrome in 6, 24%, and 16, 64% had recurrent episodes of polyarthralgia. A definite arthritis with effusion developed in 10 patients, 40%. No patient with OCI had iritis or colitis, whereas 4 patients with AS had iritis and four had colitis. Radiographs of the spine showed no evidence of spondylitis in the OCI group. Of the 25 patients with OCI, only 2, 8% were HLA B27 positive compared with 11 of 12 patients with AS, 92%. These results suggest that OCI is not a variant of AS in women.     

Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthropathies among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population study (the IBSEN study)

OBJECTIVE: To study the occurrence of spondyloarthropathies (SpA) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seen 6 years after IBD diagnosis. METHODS: In a population based cohort of 654 patients with IBD, 521 patients (80%) were investigated, which included a complete rheumatological examination. Radiographs of the sacroiliac joints and lumbar spine were performed in 406 of these patients (78%). The development of SpA was analyzed with regard to the presence of HLA-B27, duration of IBD symptoms, and the extent of intestinal inflammation. RESULTS: The occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was 2.6% in ulcerative colitis and 6% in Crohn's disease (p = 0.08), yielding an overall prevalence of 3.7% in IBD. No correlation between localization or extent of the intestinal inflammation and presence of AS was found. HLA-B27 was present in 73% of cases with AS. The overall prevalence of SpA was 22%. Inflammatory back pain without AS (IBP) was found in 18% of the patients. Typical features of SpA were rare, while fibromyalgia was common in IBP, indicating that IBP is not a precursor or manifestation of SpA in patients with IBD. The prevalence of radiological sacroiliitis without clinical features of SpA was 2.0%. CONCLUSION: AS occurred frequently in patients with newly diagnosed IBD. IBP did not seem to predispose to AS or other forms of SpA. The overall prevalence of SpA was 22%, whereas the prevalence of asymptomatic radiological sacroiliitis was low.