Assessing the Validity of a Physical Activity Questionnaire Developed for Parents of Preschool Children in Mexico

To assess the validity of a questionnaire developed for parents of preschool children to know their physical activity (PA) status, we compared the questionnaire results with the measures of accelerometer for children''s activities. Thirty-five preschoolers who wore the accelerometer for at least 10 hours daily on 3 weekdays and one weekend day were included in the analyses. Time spent in activities of varied intensity was calculated by applying 15-second ActiGraph count cutoffs (ACC). Parents’ perceptions of their children''s PA were associated with the percentage of vigorous and moderate physical activity recorded with ACC at r=0.62 (p=0.0001). An association was shown between the percentage of a child''s time spent in vigorous physical activity, as reported by parents, with that measured by ACC at r=0.53 (p=0.001). Results of this study suggest that the designed questionnaire might be a useful tool for assessing children''s activity while, additionally, it warrants further investigation on larger samples of children.Key words: Accelerometer, Physical activity, Preschool children, Validity assessment, Mexico     

Reliability and validity of the Past Year Total Physical Activity Questionnaire

The authors determined the validity and reliability of their Past Year Total Physical Activity Questionnaire (PYTPAQ), which assesses the frequency, duration, and intensity of occupational, household, and recreational activities performed over the past year. The PYTPAQ was completed twice at baseline, 9 weeks apart (on average), by 154 healthy Canadian men and women aged 35-65 years for assessment of reliability. The PYTPAQ was completed again 1 year later as a self-administered questionnaire. Four times during the year, participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days and completed 7-day physical activity logs. The authors assessed validity by comparing PYTPAQ summary values with 1-year averages of the physical activity logs and accelerometer data and with physical fitness and anthropometric data measured at baseline and 1 year. Spearman correlations for reliability (metabolic equivalent-hours/week) were 0.64 for total activity, 0.70 for occupational activity, 0.73 for recreational activity, and 0.65 for household activity. For total activity, the intraclass correlation coefficient for correlation between the PYTPAQ and the 7-day physical activity logs was 0.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.28, 0.54), and for the accelerometer data it was 0.18 (95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.32). Spearman correlations between PYTPAQ hours/week of vigorous activity and maximal oxygen uptake were 0.37 and 0.32 at baseline and follow-up, respectively. In general, the PYTPAQ has acceptable reliability and validity for measurement of past-year physical activity that is comparable to that of similar questionnaires.     

International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and New Zealand Physical Activity Questionnaire (NZPAQ): A doubly labelled water validation

Background  

Accurate measurement of physical activity is a pre-requisite for monitoring population health and for evaluating effective interventions. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is used as a comparable and standardised self-report measure of habitual physical activity of populations from different countries and socio-cultural contexts. The IPAQ has been modified to produce a New Zealand physical activity questionnaire (NZPAQ). The aim of this study was to validate the IPAQ and NZPAQ against doubly labelled water (DLW). Method: Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured over a 15-day period using DLW. Activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) was estimated by subtracting the energy expenditure from resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of feeding from TEE. The IPAQ (long form) and NZPAQ (short form) were completed at the end of each 7-day period. Activity-related energy expenditure (IPAQ_AEE and NZPAQ_AEE) was calculated from each questionnaire and compared to DLW_AEE.     

孕妇体力活动现状和体力活动量表的效度研究

目的:了解孕妇孕期体力活动的基本状况,即孕期体力活动时间和能量消耗的分布和现状;探索定量衡量孕妇体力活动量和监测孕妇体力活动的可行方法,并在中国孕妇中对体力活动量表做效度研究。方法:采用源自丹麦的自填式体力活动量表和欧姆龙HJ-005型记步器来衡量孕妇孕期体力活动量和监测体力活动;将记步器作为标准,比较其与体力活动量表测量结果的相关性。结果:孕妇每天绝大部分时间和能量消耗都花费在睡眠和静坐型体力活动上,并且有超过五分之一数量的孕妇每天没有任何中度以上体力活动;记步器与体力活动量表的相关系数为0·30,P值<0·01。结论:孕妇的能量消耗以静息型活动为主;以记步器作为标准,本研究所应用的体力活动量表的效度是可以接受的;记步器作为一种方便廉价的体力监测工具,是有效且易为接受的。     

Physical activity and mammographic breast density in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study

Physical inactivity and high mammographic breast density have both been associated with increased breast cancer risk. However, the association between physical activity and mammographic breast density remains inconsistent. In the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk population-based cohort study (United Kingdom), the authors investigated the cross-sectional association between physical activity level at baseline during 1993-1997 and breast density among 1,394 postmenopausal, cancer-free women. Usual physical activity was assessed by a brief, validated questionnaire. Percentage breast density was determined visually from mammograms by three trained radiologists using the Boyd six-category scale. The association between physical activity level and breast density risk category was examined. No statistically significant association between physical activity and percentage breast density was observed in the unadjusted or adjusted regression models. A suggested increase in breast density for the most active women in the unadjusted regression analysis (odds ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.71, 1.80) was reversed after inclusion of body mass index and reproductive and lifestyle variables (odds ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.45, 1.34). The lack of an association between physical activity and percentage breast density suggests that an association between physical activity and breast cancer risk is unlikely to be mediated through an effect on mammographic breast density.     

Comparison of the Danish Physical Activity Questionnaire with a validated position and motion instrument

Objective To compare the Danish Physical Activity Questionnaire (DPAQ) estimating physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and physical activity level (PAL) and the pattern of physical activity (including health-related physical activity) with measurements from a validated position and motion instrument (ActiReg^®). Methods One hundred and thirty-eight healthy Danish volunteers aged 20–59 years participated. Participants filled in the DPAQ at the end of the day every day for seven consecutive days and carried the ActiReg^® on the same days as the DPAQ were filled in. Results A small, but statistically significant difference was seen between the DPAQ and the ActiReg^® for PAEE (mean: ?0.32 MJ·d^?1; 95% limits of agreement: ((?2.88)–2.24 MJ·d^?1); P = 0.003) and PAL (?0.03; ((?0.37)–0.31); P = 0.02) for the whole group and for women (P < 0.008 for PAEE and PAL), but not for men. The correlation between methods was good for PAEE (r = 0.71, P < 0.001) and PAL (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). No difference was observed for time spent in moderate plus vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (P = 0.40). Time reported in MVPA with the DPAQ was positively correlated with time spent in MVPA measured by the ActiReg^® (ρ = 0.53, P < 0.001). Conclusions Although the volunteer sample may influence the representativeness of the results, the DPAQ provided a close estimate of PAEE, PAL (2–5% underestimation) and health-related physical activity (MVPA) in healthy adults at group level. The results indicate that the questionnaire can be used to rank individuals according to energy expenditure and level of total physical activity and to provide information on health-related physical activity.     

Comparison of the LASA Physical Activity Questionnaire with a 7-day diary and pedometer

OBJECTIVE: First, to validate the LASA Physical Activity Questionnaire (LAPAQ) by a 7-day diary and a pedometer in older persons. Second, to assess the repeatability of the LAPAQ. Third, to compare the feasibility of these methods. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The study was performed in a subsample (n=439, aged 69-92 years) of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). The LAPAQ was completed twice (1998/1999, 1999/2000). Respondents completed a 7-day activity diary and wore a pedometer for 7 days (1999/2000). RESULTS: The LAPAQ was highly correlated with the 7-day diary (r=0.68, P<.001), and moderately with the pedometer (r=0.56, P<.001). The repeatability of the LAPAQ was reasonably good (weighted kappa: 0.65-0.75). The LAPAQ was completed in 5.7+/-2.7 min, and 0.5% of the respondents had missing values. CONCLUSION: The LAPAQ appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for classifying physical activity in older people. The LAPAQ was easier to use than the 7-day diary and pedometer.     

Development of the World Health Organization Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)

The aim of developing the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was to have a tool that would produce valid and reliable estimates of physical activity, especially relevant to developing countries where patterns of energy expenditure differ from developed countries because people experience diverse ways of life. The development of a standardized tool to measure physical activity that enables comparisons across culturally diverse populations is a challenging task. Comparable, valid, and reliable information on physical activity enables countries to follow trends over time, understand regional and global comparisons, and better inform physical activity policy decisions. A WHO expert working group on physical activity measurement provided a draft GPAQ for global consultation. The draft instrument was validated in nine countries. Validation studies and qualitative feedback on GPAQ were presented at an Expert Meeting on Global Physical Activity Surveillance held jointly by WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A second round of global consultation led to minor revisions and preparation of a final GPAQ version 2 instrument (GPAQv2). Around 50 developing countries are now using GPAQ for physical activity data collection. GPAQv2 is a suitable physical activity surveillance instrument for developing countries.This article contains the views of its authors and does not necessarily represent the decisions or stated policy of WHO.     

问卷的信度与效度评价

国内目前虽有不少采用问卷作为测量工具的科学研究，但有关问卷信度和效度评价的文献却极少，忽视信度和效度评价便不能保证调查质量，对此应引起足够的重视。作者广泛研讨了有关文献，结合我国现状，从数理理论、心理测量学概念、至具体的应用，对信度和效度评价作了深入的探讨。     

Reliability and Validity of the SmartDiet Canadian Version Questionnaire

Measuring the outcomes of nutrition interventions in health promotion settings can be a challenge. Nutrition screening tools are often used to measure dietary patterns and nutrition intervention outcomes, but these tools may lack quantitative scoring methods. Using the SmartDiet questionnaire from Oslo, Norway, as a model, the SmartDiet Canadian Version questionnaire was developed to assess fiber and fat intake. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of this new questionnaire. In 2007, 54 volunteer subjects (63% men, mean age 68.3±9.7 years) were recruited from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program at Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Test-retest reliability was assessed by having subjects complete the questionnaire at recruitment and 1 month later. Intraclass correlation coefficients of reliability (ICC) for both fiber and fat intake were calculated. For fiber scores the ICC was 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.48, 0.79) and for fat scores the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.59, 0.84). Validity was assessed by correlating the completed questionnaire at recruitment with a 3-day food diary. The daily fat and fiber scores from the questionnaire were correlated with the corresponding average daily fat and fiber scores from the 3-day food diary by means of the Spearman correlation coefficient. For fiber scores, Spearman rho was 0.53 (P<0.001), and for fat scores it was 0.48 (P<0.001). The SmartDiet Canadian Version questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the daily fiber and fat intake of cardiac rehabilitation clients.     

Construct Validity of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire across Informal Caregivers of Chronically Ill Older Patients

Objectives:  To assess the validity of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire as adapted for caregiving (WPAI:CG) to measure productivity loss (hours missed from work, impairment while at work, and impairment in regular activities) due to unpaid caregiving for medically complex older adults.
Methods:  The WPAI:CG was administered along with the Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) to a caregiving population (N = 308) enrolled with their older, medically complex care-recipient in a cluster-randomized controlled study. Correlation coefficients were calculated between each productivity variable derived from the WPAI:CG and CSI/CESD scores. Nonparametric tests for trend across ordered groups were carried out to examine the relationship between each productivity variable and the intensity of the caregiving.
Results:  Significant positive correlations were found between work productivity loss and caregiving-related strain ( r  = 0.45) and depression ( r  = 0.30). Measures of productivity loss were also highly associated with caregiving intensity ( P  < 0.05) and care-recipient medical care use ( P  < 0.05). The average employed caregiver reported 1.5 hours absence from work in the previous week and 18.5% reduced productivity while at work due to caregiving. Employed and nonemployed caregivers reported 27.2% reduced productivity in regular activities in the previous week.
Conclusion:  The results indicate high convergent validity of the WPAI:CG questionnaire. This measure could facilitate research on the cost-effectiveness of caregiver-workplace interventions and provide employers and policy experts with a more accurate and comprehensive estimate of caregiving-related costs incurred by employers and society.     

学龄前儿童园外运动行为问卷的初步编制及信效度研究

目的 编制《学龄前儿童园外运动行为问卷(P-PAQ)》并验证其信效度,为开展学龄前儿童园外身体活动评估及家庭指导提供有效测量工具。方法 结合我国学龄前儿童的园外运动行为特点,经文献法和专家共识法等编制一套学龄前儿童运动行为问卷。调查儿童过去一周园外(上学日和周末)各强度的运动时间及家长运动观念与行为。采用方便抽样方法于2020年11—12月在北京、沈阳、西安各选取1所幼儿园的学龄前儿童,225名儿童主要养育人间隔2天进行重测。229名儿童连续佩戴一周ActiGraph GT9X加速度计进行效度研究。结果 上学日和周末轻度活动时间、中高强度活动时间及总活动时间的组内重测相关系数(ICC)为0.636~0.844(P＜0.01);效度检验发现两种方法在工作日和周末中高强度活动时间上均有显著相关,相关系数分别为0.153,0.151(P＜0.05)。Bland-Altman散点图显示:问卷法与加速度计法在测量儿童轻度活动、中高强度身体活动及总活动时间上具有良好的一致性。结论 P-PAQ问卷具有良好的可靠性和有效性,可用于学龄前儿童园外期间的运动行为评估并进行针对性指导。     

Validity and Reliability of a Food Skills Questionnaire

ObjectiveDevelop, validate, and assess reliability of a food skills questionnaire.DesignPhase 1: Questionnaire development categorized questions into domains (Food Selection and Planning, Food Preparation, and Food Safety and Storage). Phase 2: Content validity included expert panel quantitative and qualitative feedback. Phase 3: Face validity involved pilot testing. Phase 4: Reliability assessed test-retest and inter-item reliability.SettingPhase 1: The authors developed a draft questionnaire in London, Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsPhase 2: Dietitians, home economists, academics, and chefs completed content validity (n = 17; 57% response rate). Phase 3: A convenience sample of students completed face validity (n = 20; 17% response rate). Phase 4: Randomly selected students completed test-retest reliability (time 1: n = 189, time 2: n = 165; 9% response rate).Main Outcome MeasuresLawshe content validity ratio, Lawshe content validity index, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Cronbach α.AnalysisTest-retest reliability was evaluated using ICC, and inter-item reliability by Cronbach α coefficient.ResultsIn phase 2, Lawshe content validity index was 0.80 (90% expert panel consensus). In phase 3, 85% of respondents identified the main construct. In phase 4, Cronbach α coefficients were .67–.88 for domains and .90 for the questionnaire overall, and ICC scores ranged from 0.67–0.92 for questions, 0.86–0.93 for domains, and 0.92 for the questionnaire overall.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis questionnaire demonstrated strong content validity, face validity, test-retest reliability, and good inter-item reliability. It is appropriate for evaluating food skills in a population with basic to intermediate skills (eg, young adults).     

Content and Concurrent Validity of the Motivation for Change Questionnaire

Introduction Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are nowadays seen within a biopsychosocial framework, including salutogenic factors, motivation factors, and coping ability. Such a framework recognizes the importance of motivational factors in health promotion and in rehabilitation. The Motivation for Change Questionnaire (MCQ) has been developed to measure the strength of individuals’ motivation for change in life, MCQ part 1, and work situation, MCQ part 2. The purpose of the study was to test the content and concurrent validity of the MCQ on patients with prolonged musculoskeletal disorders referred to interdisciplinary rehabilitation as a basis for use in medical and occupational rehabilitation. Methods Content validity was studied among an expert group of 20 rehabilitation professionals at a rehabilitation centre, and with 10 individuals suffering from prolonged MSD in the south of Sweden. The experts evaluated the clinical relevance of each question in MCQ. Concurrent validity was studied on 58 patients with prolonged MSD at an interdisciplinary rehabilitation centre in the south of Sweden. They answered MCQ, QPS Nordic questionnaire, KASAM and the Action theory questionnaire. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used in the analyses. Results The MCQ covered and measured areas of relevance according to content validity. No floor effects in any of the subscales of MCQ part 1 were seen. In MCQ part 2, floor effects were seen in two sub indexes. As for concurrent validity subscales of MCQ correlated significantly with QPS Nordic questionnaire and KASAM. Conclusions Findings so far indicate the instrument to be valid for use within the present patient group. The questionnaire can be used to identify patient’s motivating factors for change in life and work, as a basis for motivational work within rehabilitation.     

Validity and Reliability of the 8-Item Work Limitations Questionnaire

Purpose To evaluate factorial validity, scale reliability, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the 8-item Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) among employees from a public university system. Methods A secondary analysis using de-identified data from employees who completed an annual Health Assessment between the years 2009–2015 tested research aims. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n?=?10,165) tested the latent structure of the 8-item WLQ. Scale reliability was determined using a CFA-based approach while test–retest reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Convergent/discriminant validity was tested by evaluating relations between the 8-item WLQ with health/performance variables for convergent validity (health-related work performance, number of chronic conditions, and general health) and demographic variables for discriminant validity (gender and institution type). Results A 1-factor model with three correlated residuals demonstrated excellent model fit (CFI?=?0.99, TLI?=?0.99, RMSEA?=?0.03, and SRMR?=?0.01). The scale reliability was acceptable (0.69, 95% CI 0.68–0.70) and the test–retest reliability was very good (ICC?=?0.78). Low-to-moderate associations were observed between the 8-item WLQ and the health/performance variables while weak associations were observed between the demographic variables. Conclusions The 8-item WLQ demonstrated sufficient reliability and validity among employees from a public university system. Results suggest the 8-item WLQ is a usable alternative for studies when the more comprehensive 25-item WLQ is not available.