粪类圆线虫感染一例

患者女,4岁,民,"发热、腹痛16 d,嗽,血丝痰2 d"住院.患者16 d前无明显诱因出现畏冷、发热,温最高38.5℃,左上腹部闷痛,食后频发呕吐, d前腹痛加剧, d前无明显诱因出现咳嗽,血丝痰,量约35 ml/d.     

肺炎支原体肺炎并发类传染性单核细胞增多症及非典型川崎病1例

患儿男,1岁10个月,因反复咳嗽伴发热23 d,加重2 d于2008年10月7日人院.患儿于入院前23 d无明显诱因出现咳嗽及发热.体温38～39.5℃,于外院静滴头孢类抗菌素16 d、阿奇霉素5 d抗感染后仍反复发热及咳嗽,入院前2 d咳嗽加重,体温最高39.6℃,门诊以"急性支气管炎,注意肺炎、川崎病(KD)、传染性单核细胞增多症"收入院.     

利妥昔单抗治疗难治性韦格纳肉芽肿一例

患者女,15岁,因"左耳听力下降8个月,伴发热、咳嗽6个月,头痛10 d"于2010年11月3日入我院.患者于入院前8个月无明显诱因出现左侧耳痛,左耳听力在1个月内进行性下降,伴左侧腮腺肿大.6个月前出现发热,多见于上午,体温最高达39 ℃,午后可自行退至正常,伴畏寒、寒战、咳嗽、咳痰,无咯血.     

黑热病一例

1 病例介绍 患者男,62岁,已婚.因"咳嗽1月余,反复发热、畏寒20 d"于2011年2月10日入院.1个多月前,患者受凉后咳嗽,咯白色泡沫痰,无气促、畏寒、发热,当地抗感染治疗咳嗽频率有所下降.20 d前,出现发热,体温最高达39℃以上,伴畏寒、寒战、盗汗、纳差,左上腹不适明显.予以复方氨林巴比妥对症后可退烧,但...     

链球菌感染致中毒性休克综合征合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜1例

患者男,19岁.因"发热、咽痛、咳嗽1周,伴腹痛腹泻4d"于2008年12月5日入院.患者于1周前无明显诱因出现发热.体温达39℃、咽痛、咳嗽,在当地医院治疗(具体不详)后无好转,出现阵发性腹痛,解黄色稀水样便,约5-6次/d,无黏液脓血便,无里急后重,转市级医院就诊,门诊以"急性肠炎"收入院,先后予"加替沙星、头孢他啶、奥硝唑"抗感染3 d后,仍有发热,血压降至75/50mmHg及尿少(24h约600mL),疑"流行性出血热",转入我院.     

实验室诊断肺烟曲霉菌感染一例

患者女,37岁,农民,因"咳嗽、咳痰4 d,加重伴喘憋1 d余,意识不清2 h"于2007年11月7日入首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院呼吸监护室.患者人院4 d前,无明显诱因出现咳嗽,咳白色黏痰,无发热、咯血、喘憋、胸痛及盗汗,自觉感冒症状,于当地卫生所就诊,未见明显好转.于人院前1 d自觉咳嗽症状加重,咳黄白黏痰,伴喘憋,夜间为重.     

亚急性感染性心内膜炎合并二尖瓣、主动脉瓣关闭不全

患者男,56岁。发热、消瘦半年。患者半年前无明显诱因于午后出现发热,最高38.3℃。无盗汗、咳嗽、咳痰、咯血伴食欲差,体重减轻。入院10余d后发生"急性脑梗死",经过治疗病情好转出院。出院后仍间断发热,2个月前再次发生急性脑梗死。入院体格检查:主动脉瓣听诊区闻及2/6级叹气样杂音,二尖瓣     

组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎误诊1例分析

坏死性淋巴结炎是一种原因不明的非肿瘤性淋巴结肿大.因其临床症状无特异性,且发病率低,易误诊.我们遇1例坏死性淋巴结炎误诊长达20 d余.报道如下.1病历摘要男,23岁.因发热、咳嗽10 d,腹痛1d入院,患者入院前10 d在淋雨后出现发热,T 37.5～39.3℃,发热前有畏寒,无寒战,伴咳嗽,无明显咳痰,自服用扑感敏、头孢氨苄治疗,症状无明显改善,后脐周阵发性隐痛不适,无放射性疼痛,与进食无明显相关性,就诊我院,门诊以"发热原因待查"收入院.     

缓症链球菌败血症一例

患儿女,7岁,因"发现心脏杂音6年,间断发热6 d"于2011年6月23日入院.患儿于6年前在当地县医院查体时发现心脏杂音,查超声心动图示"先天性心脏病、室间隔缺损",一直未治疗,平素无咳嗽、气喘、心悸、乏力等.6 d前无明显原因出现发热,体温38℃左右,以下午、夜间热著,不伴鼻塞、流涕,无皮疹出血点,无寒战及惊厥发作,无咳嗽、喘憋,无呕吐、腹泻.     

系统性血管炎伴出血热抗体阳性一例

患者男,46岁。因"发热伴咳嗽、胸痛5d"于2009年7月23日入院。患者入院前5d于劳累后出现发热,体温最高38.7℃,以午后明显。伴咳嗽、胸痛,痰不易咳出,胸痛以左季肋部明显。摄胸部X线片、胸部CT示两肺片状影,纵隔淋巴结     

慢性重型肝炎并发侵袭性肺曲霉感染临床分析

目的观察慢性重型肝炎并发侵袭性肺曲霉感染临床特点。方法回顾性分析并比较17例慢性重型肝炎并发侵袭性肺曲霉感染（观察组）与34例同期住院慢性重型肝炎未合并真菌感染患者（对照组）的临床资料。结果两组患者的TBil、ALT水平差异无统计学意义；与对照组相比，观察组患者凝血酶原活动度（PTa％）更低、WBC计数更高，两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；观察组出现腹水及肝性脑病的患者例数明显增加（与对照组相比，P％0．01）；两组患者使用抗生素的时间均超过3周，在治疗过程中，观察组进行侵袭性操作的次数、使用糖皮质激素和应用碳青霉烯类抗生素的例数明显多于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论慢性重型肝炎并发侵袭性肺曲霉感染与肝病严重程度、并发症的发生、侵袭性操作次数、使用糖皮质激素、碳青霉烯类抗生素应用有一定的相关性。     

Cerebral aspergillosis in the critically ill: two cases of successful medical treatment

Objective Invasive aspergillosis is associated with a poor prognosis, especially in critically ill patients with cerebral involvement. We present two cases of cerebral invasive aspergillosis successfully treated in the intensive care unit with combination antifungal therapies and without surgery.Case presentation The first patient was a 49-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis who received corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide treatment and developed pulmonary and cerebral invasive aspergillosis. After failure of voriconazole the patient had a successful outcome with voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B therapy. The patient returned home after an 8-month hospital stay. The second patient was a 54-year-old woman with pulmonary neoplasia and corticosteroid treatment who developed pulmonary and cerebral invasive aspergillosis. After failure of voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B therapy the patient had a favorable outcome with liposomal amphotericin B and caspofungin therapy. The patient died 10 months after initial diagnosis of cardiac tamponade unrelated to fungal infection.Discussions These cases illustrate the improving prognosis of invasive aspergillosis due to the availability of new treatments, especially in cases of cerebral involvement. It also demonstrates that the outcome of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation for invasive aspergillosis can be favorable. The treatment of patients with invasive cerebral aspergillosis in the intensive care setting should be encouraged.     

Spectrum of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a well-recognized complication in immunocompromised patients, especially those with neutropenia. We report four cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients whose main underlying disease was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Two patients had an acute fatal course, one had chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis ending in an acute fatal course, and the other had a semiacute disease that responded to amphotericin B. Autopsy on three patients showed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in both lungs, and tissue invasion was documented by transbronchial biopsy in the patient who survived. Retrospective review of all cultures that grew Aspergillus species from bronchoscopic specimens showed no false-positive results, and this procedure proved to be the most useful maneuver in making the diagnosis. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis should be in the differential diagnosis in patients with COPD and unexplained pulmonary infiltrates.     

恶性血液病伴发侵袭性肺曲霉病3例诊治分析

侵袭性肺曲霉病诊断图难，病情凶险，死亡率高。本对合并有侵袭性肺曲霉病的3例恶性血液病(2例急性白血病和l例MDS-RA)患的诊治过程进行了回顾性分析。3例患均有免疫力低下的病史，虽经过预防性抗真菌治疗，仍发生了肺曲霉菌感染，经过痰培养确诊后采用脂质体两性霉素B，伊曲康唑和氟胞嘧啶联合治疗。结果表明，联合治疗7—14天后，3例中2例痊愈，l例显效。结论：对侵袭性肺曲霉病的早期诊治很关键，脂质体两性霉素B，伊曲康硅和氟胞嘧啶联合治疗起效快，效果好。     

血清曲霉IgG型抗体检测对器官移植术后肺曲霉感染的诊断

目的:探讨血清曲霉IgG型抗体检测在器官移植术后肺曲霉感染中的诊断价值。方法:酶免分析法检测肺曲霉感染高危患者血清中曲霉特异性IgG抗体。结果:血清曲霉IgG抗体检查的灵敏度和特异度分别为50%和100%。移植后1个月内血清曲霉IgG抗体检测的灵敏度为40%,而1个月后其灵敏度为80%。结论:特异性曲霉IgG抗体测定不能作为器官移植后肺曲霉病的早期诊断标准,但对感染后期的回顾性诊断和随访有一定意义。     

CT halo sign in pulmonary metastases from mucinous adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

The CT halo sign was first described in immunocompromised patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Although the halo sign was originally thought to be specific for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, it has been reported in a wide variety of pulmonary abnormalities in both immununocompromised and immunocompetent patients. We report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the pancreas metastatic to the lungs in which there were multiple pulmonary nodules showing the halo sign. This case further illustrates the nonspecific nature of the CT halo sign and the need to consider malignancy as a cause in immunocompetent patients.     

无基础疾病的肺曲霉病52例临床分析

目的 分析无基础疾病的肺曲霉病患者的临床特征,提高对该病的认识及诊治.方法 选取2009年1月—2019年1月郑州大学第一附属医院无基础疾病的肺曲霉病患者为研究对象,对相关资料进行回顾性分析.所有患者均获得病理学诊断依据.结果 52例患者中,侵袭性肺曲霉病临床症状出现时间多在10～15 d,慢性坏死性肺曲霉病和肺曲霉球...     

Pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical update

Aspergillus spp may cause a variety of pulmonary diseases, depending on immune status and the presence of underlying lung disease. These manifestations range from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in severely immunocompromised patients, to chronic necrotizing aspergillosis in patients with chronic lung disease and/or mildly compromised immune systems. Aspergilloma is mainly seen in patients with cavitary lung disease, while allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is described in patients with hypersensitivity to Aspergillus antigens. Recent major advances in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary aspergillosis include the introduction of non-invasive tests, and the development of new antifungal agents, such as azoles and echinocandins, that significantly affect the management and outcome of patients with pulmonary aspergillosis. This review provides a clinical update on the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of the major syndromes associated with pulmonary aspergillosis.     

Therapeutic monitoring of experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by ultrafast computerized tomography, a novel, noninvasive method for measuring responses to antifungal therapy.

Pulmonary infiltrates in neutropenic hosts with invasive aspergillosis are due to vascular invasion and hemorrhagic infarction. In order to measure the effect of antifungal compounds on this organism-mediated tissue injury, we monitored the course of pulmonary infiltrates by serial ultrafast computerized tomography (UFCT) in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits with experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The course of pulmonary lesions measured by serial UFCT scans was compared with those measured by conventional chest radiography, histopathological resolution of lesions, and microbiological clearance of Aspergillus fumigatus. Treatment groups included either amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in dosages of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg of body weight per day intravenously or conventional desoxycholate amphotericin B at 1 mg/kg/day intravenously. Therapeutic monitoring of pulmonary lesions by UFCT demonstrated a significant dose-response relationship. Lesions continued to progress in untreated controls, whereas lesions in treated rabbits initially increased and then decreased in response to antifungal therapy in a dosage-dependent manner (P < or = 0.05 to P < or = 0.005, depending upon the groups compared). This same trend of resolution of lesions in response to antifungal therapy was also demonstrated by postmortem examination and by microbiological clearance of the organism. These data indicated that amphotericin B colloidal dispersion at 5 and 10 mg/kg/day exerted a more rapid rate of clearance of lesions than conventional amphotericin B. UFCT was more sensitive than conventional chest radiography in detecting lesions due to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (P < 0.05 to P < 0.005, depending upon the groups compared). These findings establish a correlation among UFCT-defined lesions, microbiological response, and resolution of pathologically defined lesions in experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Serial monitoring of UFCT-defined lesions of aspergillosis provides a novel system for determining the antifungal response of organism-mediated tissue injury.     

Efficacy of voriconazole against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a guinea-pig model

We compared the efficacies of amphotericin B and voriconazole against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a guinea-pig model. A susceptible isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus was used to produce the infection. Voriconazole-treated animals had significantly better survival and decreased fungal burden in the lungs as compared with controls. Although no statistical difference was seen between the efficacies of voriconazole and amphotericin B, a trend favouring voriconazole was noted. Thus, voriconazole, with its cidal activity, may be an attractive alternative to potentially toxic amphotericin B in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.