EGFR在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中的表达及其与NSCLC发生、发展及预后的关系,指导非小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗。方法：回顾性分析82例NSCLC手术病例临床病理资料及随访资料,用免疫组化（EnVision法）的方法观察EGFR在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达,对比分析20例非恶性肺组织中EGFR的表达。结果：EGFR在NSCLC中的表达率为53.66%,在非恶性肺组织中EGFR均呈阴性表达;EGFR在NSCLC中的表达与患者的性别、病理类型、TNM分期及淋巴结转移有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）;EGFR高表达者生存期短。结论：EGFR在NSCLC中高表达;女性患者高于男性,并且与患者的病理类型、TNM分期及淋巴结转移有密切的关系,可作为判断NSCLC患者病情进展及预后的重要指标,还可以指导NSCLC患者的靶向治疗。     

A phase II trial of gefitinib as first-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations

Retrospective analysis has shown that activating mutations in exons 18–21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are a predictor of response to gefitinib. We conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gefitinib as first-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations. Patients with stage IIIB or IV chemotherapy-naïve NSCLC with EGFR mutation were treated with 250 mg gefitinib daily. For mutational analysis, DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues and EGFR mutations were analysed by direct sequence of PCR products. Twenty (24%) of the 82 patients analysed had EGFR mutations (deletions in or near E746-A750, n=16; L858R, n=4). Sixteen patients were enrolled and treated with gefitinib. Twelve patients had objective response and response rate was 75% (95% CI, 48–93%). After a median follow-up of 12.7 months (range, 3.1–16.8 months), 10 patients demonstrated disease progression, with median progression-free survival of 8.9 months (95% CI, 6.7–11.1 months). The median overall survival time has not yet been reached. Most of the toxicities were mild. This study showed that gefitinib is very active and well tolerated as first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations.     

EGFR基因突变型与野生型非小细胞肺癌脑转移预后的病例对照研究

目的：探讨表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）基因突变与非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）伴脑转移患者预后的相关性,为改善NSCLC合并脑转移患者预后、指导个体化治疗提供临床依据。方法：回顾性分析福建省立医院2013年1月1日至2018年9月30日期间收治的88例NSCLC合并脑转移患者的临床资料,随访取得患者的死亡时间,随访截止日期为2019年10月31日。收集和分析的临床资料包括性别、年龄、吸烟史、病理类型、基因检测、治疗情况、无进展生存期（progression free survival,PFS）、总生存期（overall survival,OS）等。运用生存分析（Kaplan-Meier生存时间曲线）评价EGFR突变型患者的预后,以单因素分析（log-rank检验）预测影响EGFR-TKI治疗效果的因素。结果：88例NSCLC脑转移患者有57例为EGFR突变型,其中位PFS（MPFS）为13.0个月（95%CI：11.951~14.049）,明显高于EGFR野生型患者（P=0.003）,患者中位生存期（median survival time,MST）为29.0个月（95%CI：20.531~37.468）,明显高于EGFR野生型（P=0.001）。EGFR突变型中,Exon19-del突变组患者较Exon21 L858R突变组患者OS有延长趋势（P=0.05）,Exon19-del+Exon20T790M突变组患者OS较Exon21 L858R突变组有延长趋势（P=0.077）。结论：EGFR突变组较野生型组NSCLC脑转移患者预后相对好些,且携带19外显子单一缺失突变的患者预后最好。     

Management of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

The widespread adoption of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the first‐line treatment of patients with advanced EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer has resulted in acquired tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance becoming a ubiquitous clinical problem. The identification of specific mechanisms of acquired resistance has allowed a better understanding of the biology and natural history of resistant disease, but is only now starting to impact treatment decisions. Strategies for managing acquired resistance in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer are complex and must be adapted to the individual characteristics of each patient's cancer. Although combination chemotherapy is the presumed standard of care for most patients, prospective trial data are lacking, highlighting the importance of offering patients participation in clinical trials in this setting. Emerging data from trials of third‐generation mutant‐specific EGFR kinase inhibitors suggests particular promise with this class of agents. Cancer 2014;120:2289–2298. © 2014 American Cancer Society.     

EGFR在女性非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

背景与目的：近年来女性肺癌发病率的明显增加引起人们的关注.本研究主要是以女性非小细胞肺癌为研究对象,探讨表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth fator receptor,EGFR）在女性非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）中的表达及其与女性NSCLC发生、发展及预后的关系,指导女性非小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗.方法：回顾性分析62例女性非小细胞肺癌手术病例临床病理资料及随访资料,用免疫组化的方法检测EGFR在女性非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达,对比分析10例非恶性肺组织中EGFR的表达,用Cox模型进行生存分析.结果：EGFR在62例女性NSCLC中的表达率70.97%,在非恶性肺组织中均呈阴性表达,两者比较差异有显著性（P＜0.05）;EGFR在女性腺癌的表达高于鳞癌（P＜0.05）,尤其在细支气管肺泡癌中的表达更高（P＜0.05）;EGFR表达与女性NSCLC的TNM分期及淋巴结转移呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）;EGFR高表达的女性患者生存期短、预后差（P＜0.05）;Cox比例风险模型分析表明,患者术后生存时间与病理类型、淋巴结是否转移显著相关（P＜0.05）,腺癌、有淋巴结转移是患者独立的不良预后因素.结论：女性NSCLC中EGFR的表达与患者病理类型、TNM分期及淋巴结转移有密切的关系,EGFR在女性NSCLC中高表达,可作为判断女性NSCLC病情进展及预后的重要指标,还对NSCLC女性患者的靶向治疗的选择有一定的指导意义.     

EGFR酪氨酸激酶域基因变异及相关蛋白表达与gefitinib治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效相关性的研究进展

Gefitinib是一种选择性EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,是目前非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)靶向治疗的热点之一,临床研究发现,患者对gefitinib的疗效有明显的差异。本文对EGFR基因及其蛋白与gefitinib疗效的相关性进行了回顾,探讨预示gefitinib疗效的标志物,有助于gefitinib在NSCLC治疗中的最优化使用。     

Association of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer with chemosensitivity to gefitinib in isolated cancer cells from Japanese patients

Somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are reported to be associated with clinical responsiveness of lung cancer to gefitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. To elucidate the association between somatic mutations and the pharmacological actions of gefitinib, the chemosensitivity of isolated cancer cells from the lungs of Japanese patients to gefitinib was examined by the collagen gel-droplet embedded culture drug sensitivity test in vitro. In 30 specimens isolated from non-small-cell lung cancer patients, mutations were observed in eight tumour specimens (27%) and chemosensitivity to gefitinib was observed in seven specimens (23%). However, somatic mutations were not predominantly associated with chemosensitivity to gefitinib in vitro. Both mutation and chemosensitivity frequencies in this study were higher than those reported in studies from the United States, indicating a possible ethnic difference. Moreover, both frequencies were much higher in females than in males. Since a gender difference in chemosensitivity to gefitinib was observed in isolated cancer cells in vitro, this suggests that gefitinib works in part through the suppression of EGFR signalling, but that other factors, including sex-related factors, may participate in gefitinib action.     

晚期非小细胞肺癌EGFR突变与18F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数的相关性及其对预后评估的影响

  目的  探讨晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）患者18F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数及临床资料与表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）基因突变状态的相关性。同时探究EGFR基因突变状态对PET/CT代谢参数评估晚期NSCLC患者预后的影响。  方法  回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院接受18F-FDG PET/CT检查并有EGFR基因突变检测  结果  的109例晚期NSCLC患者。根据患者EGFR基因检测  结果  分为EGFR突变型组（n=48）与EGFR野生型组（n=61）,比较两组间PET/CT代谢参数及临床信息的差异并分析其与EGFR突变状态的关系。随访患者的无进展生存（progression free survival,PFS）状态,分析EGFR突变状态对PET/CT代谢参数评估PFS的影响。  结果  多因素Logistic分析发现,女性（OR=12.154,P < 0.001）、腺癌（OR=4.822,P=0.019）、低最大标准摄取值（maximum standardized uptake value,SUVmax）（≤9.58,OR=4.347,P=0.005）是EGFR突变的独立预测因子。ROC生存曲线分析肿瘤代谢体积（metabolic tumor volume,MTV）（AUC= 0.749,P=0.000 2）,糖酵解总量（total lesion glycolysis,TLG）（AUC=0.747,P=0.000 3）对患者的PFS状态具有预测价值。Cox回归分析发现,在EGFR基因突变型组中,MTV>14.85的患者疾病进展风险更高（HR=2.724,P=0.004）;EGFR野生型组中,MTV>12.48的患者疾病进展风险更高（HR=3.195,P=0.002）。  结论  对于晚期NSCLC患者,EGFR突变与更低的FDG摄取相关,体积代谢参数具有重要的预后预测价值,但对于EGFR基因突变不同状态,可以考虑不同的标准。      

miR-134靶向EGFR对非小细胞肺癌增殖的影响

目的 探讨微小RNA-134（miR-134）对非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及可能的机制。方法 采用实时荧光定量PCR（QPCR）检测miR 134在NSCLC细胞株（A549、H252）和正常胚肺细胞株WI38中的表达情况;将A549和H252细胞分为3组,分别为空白对照组（不转染）、miR-NC组（转染不相关siRNA）和miR-134组（转染miR-134 mimics）。分别于转染后24、48、72、96h收集细胞,采用MTS法检测细胞的增殖情况;转染后96h用流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡情况;双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-134与表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）3’UTR的结合情况,QPCR检测过表达miR-134的A549和H252细胞中EGFR的表达情况。结果 与WI38 细胞相比,miR-134在A549细胞中的表达下调85.91％,在H252细胞中下调78.13％（P＜0.05）。MTS检测显示,miR-134能显著降低A549和H252细胞的增殖能力,并呈时间依赖性。流式细胞仪检测显示,与空白对照组比较,miR-134组A549细胞的凋亡比例提高226.31％,H252细胞提高47.85％（P＜0.05）。双荧光素酶报告基因实验显示miR 134能与EGFR3’UTR结合,显著降低荧光值（P＜0.05）。QPCR检测显示,与空白对照组比较,转染miR-134 mimics 后,EGFR在A549细胞中的相对表达量下调57.0％,在H252中下调35.0％,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论 miR-134在NSCLC中低表达,能通过靶向EGFR抑制NSCLC细胞增殖,并诱导凋亡。     

伴脑转移的非小细胞肺癌EGFR突变率较高

目的:探讨表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)脑转移的相关性.方法:收集复旦大学附属华山医院胸外科及肿瘤科于2008年1月1日至2013年10月31日手术切除并经病理确诊的NSCLC患者肺癌组织标本90例.其中脑转移患者30例为观察组,无脑转移患者60例为对照组,采用直接测序法对所有标本进行EGFR基因突变检测.结果:无论腺癌还是鳞癌,脑转移NSCLC患者中EGFR基因突变明显高于无脑转移患者(46.7％vs 15.0％,P＜0.01).结论:EGFR基因突变增加可能与NSCLC脑转移相关.     

Combined epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor and chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: Chemo-refractoriness of cells harboring sensitizing-EGFR mutations in the presence of gefitinib

Background

Combined epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) with chemotherapy is believed to be more effective in treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sensitizing-EGFR mutation (SEM). This hypothesis failed to be realized clinically and needs to be examined in vitro.

Materials and methods

Using the tetrazolium colorimetric assay and classical isobole method, we investigated the combination effects of 6 gefitinib-chemotherapeutic doublets (gefitinib/cisplatin, gemcitabine, pemetrexed, paclitaxel, docetaxel, or vinorelbine) in a panel of 15 NSCLC cell lines.

Results

Upon treatment with the 6 gefitinib-chemotherapeutic doublets, the 12 cell lines that did not harbor SEM displayed a broad spectrum of group results, from obvious synergism to robust antagonism. The values of group mean combination index (mCIs) ranged from 0.769 to 1.201. In contrast, the 3 cell lines with SEM showed a tendency toward consistent antagonism to the tested doublets, impressively, with a narrow range of higher group mCIs (0.993–1.141). In the presence of gefitinib, the SEM or gefitinib-sensitive group was more chemo-refractory than the non-SEM (index of chemo-refractoriness (RI): 69.33 versus 42.67; P = 0.036) or gefitinib-resistant group (68.25 versus 40.64, P = 0.0108), respectively. The results of using the gefitinib/drug combinations with the gefitinib-sensitive non-SEM cell line H322 and the gefitinib-resistant EGFR mutant H820 shared patterns similar to those with the SEM and non-SEM cell lines, respectively.

Conclusion

Gefitinib-treated EGFR-TKI-sensitive NSCLC cells showed a wide spectrum of chemo-refractoriness, suggesting that concomitantly combined EGFR-TKI-chemotherapy might not be a good treatment strategy for NSCLC harboring SEM.     

NLR和LMR对EGFR-TKIs治疗EGFR突变阳性非小细胞肺癌预后的预测价值

目的:探讨治疗前血清中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)和淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值(lympho cyte to monocyte ratio,LMR)对表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor-tyr...     

云南地区晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的基因突变及其临床意义

目的:探讨云南地区晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者外周血中肺癌相关驱动基因突变及其与临床病理特征的关系.方法:收集2019年1月至2019年12月云南省肿瘤医院分子诊断中心检测的304例Ⅳ期NSCLC患者外周血,用二代测序(next generation sequ...     

非小细胞肺癌患者EGFR基因突变与吉非替尼临床疗效关联

目的:评估吉非替尼（Gefitinib）疗效和晚期难治性非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）突变情况的关联。方法:121名晚期难治性非小细胞肺癌患者,均是经过一线化疗方案失败的中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,每日予以口服吉非替尼250mg治疗,直到疾病进展或出现不可耐受的毒副反应为止。在开始治疗之前检测EGFR18、19、21位点,于治疗期间进行常规检查和规范的随访。分析疗效、突变以及中位生存期之间的关联。结果:在115名有效随访的患者中,13例完全缓解,25例部分缓解,38例稳定,39例病情进展。疾病控制率66.3%。1年和2年生存率分别为59.7%和26.9%。中位生存期16个月。115人中有38例病人存在EGFR突变。EGFR突变的病人表现出对吉非替尼较敏感。不吸烟的女性患者有较好的疗效和较长的生存期。而患者年龄、一线化疗周期、肿瘤分期的组间差异对于生存期的影响都无显著差异。结论:吉非替尼在女性不吸烟非小细胞肺癌患者中疗效是确定的。西部女性肺腺癌患者拥有较高的突变率和较长的生存时间。     

Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation analysis in cytological specimens and responsiveness to gefitinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients

Background

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is the key predictor of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted this study to verify the feasibility of EGFR mutation analysis in cytological specimens and investigate the responsiveness to gefitinib treatment in patients carrying EGFR mutations.

Methods

A total of 210 cytological specimens were collected for EGFR mutation detection by both direct sequencing and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). We analyzed EGFR mutation status by both methods and evaluated the responsiveness to gefitinib treatment in patients harboring EGFR mutations by overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and progression free survival (PFS).

Results

Of all patients, EGFR mutation rate was 28.6% (60/210) by direct sequencing and 45.2% (95/210) by ARMS (P<0.001) respectively. Among the EGFR wild type patients tested by direct sequencing, 26.7% of them were positive by ARMS. For the 72 EGFR mutation positive patients treated with gefitinib, the ORR, DCR and median PFS were 69.4%, 90.2% and 9.3 months respectively. The patients whose EGFR mutation status was negative by direct sequencing but positive by ARMS had lower ORR (48.0% vs. 80.9%, P=0.004) and shorter median PFS (7.4 vs. 10.5 months, P=0.009) as compared with that of EGFR mutation positive patients by both detection methods.

Conclusions

Our study verified the feasibility of EGFR analysis in cytological specimens in advanced NSCLC. ARMS is more sensitive than direct sequencing in EGFR mutation detection. EGFR Mutation status tested on cytological samples is applicable for predicting the response to gefitinib. Abundance of EGFR mutations might have an influence on TKIs efficacy.     

非小细胞肺癌EGFR不同突变状态的脑转移发生特点及治疗

目的 有研究显示,表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)的突变状态,与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)脑转移存在相关性.本研究进一步探讨EGFR不同突变状态的NSCLC患者,脑转移发生的特点以及相应的治疗.方法 选取2009-04-01-2014-12-01中国人民解放军火箭军总医院肿瘤科病理确诊断的231例NSCLC患者的临床资料,进行回顾性研究.并应用实时定量PCR方法,检测上述患者的EGFR突变状态.利用x2检验比较EGFR不同突变状态的患者,脑转移特点的差异.Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析.结果 EGFR检测结果示野生型119例,18、19、20、21号外显子及19/21双突变的分别有3例、58例、5例、42例和4例.19号外显子突变患者的脑转移发生率(55.2％)显著高于野生型患者(41.2％),P=0.04.伴21号外显子突变＞3个脑转移病灶患者(47.6％)的比例显著高于野生型患者(28.6％),P＜0.01.此外,伴21号外显子突变患者的中位脑转移年龄(63岁)也显著高于野生型患者(52岁),P=0.02.对于伴有EGFR突变的脑转移患者,脑转移后接受过酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyro-sine kinase inhibitors,TKIs)的患者,其中位脑转移后生存期显著长于接受常规化疗的患者(未达到vs 9个月),P=0.01.结论 伴EGFR特定位点突变的患者有更高的脑转移发生率、脑转移数目及脑转移时年龄.TKIs可改善伴EG-FR突变脑转移患者的预后.     

244-MPT overcomes gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to play a critical role in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs), such as gefitinib, have been used as effective clinical therapies for patients with NSCLC. Unfortunately, acquired resistance to gefitinib commonly occurs after 6–12 months of treatment. The resistance is associated with the appearance of the L858R/T790M double mutation of the EGFR. In our present study, we discovered a compound,referred to as 244-MPT, which could suppress either gefitinib-sensitive or -resistant lung cancer cell growth and colony formation, and also suppressed the kinase activity of both wildtype and double mutant (L858R/T790M) EGFR. The underlying mechanism reveals that 244-MPT could interact with either the wildtype or double-mutant EGFR in an ATP-competitive manner and inhibit activity. Treatment with 244-MPT could substantially reduce the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream signaling pathways, including Akt and ERK1/2 in gefitinib-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. It was equally effective in suppressing EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling in NL20 cells transfected with wildtype, single-mutant (L858R) or mutant (L858R/T790M) EGFR. 244-MPT could also induce apoptosis in a gefitinib-resistant cell line and strongly suppress gefitinib-resistant NSCLC tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. In addition, 244-MPT could effectively reduce the size of tumors in a gefitinib-resistant NSCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) SCID mouse model. Overall, 244-MPT could overcome gefitinib-resistance by directly targeting the EGFR.     

The next generation of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer

The discovery of “driver” genomic alterations in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has dramatically changed the field of thoracic oncology in recent years. The best understood of these molecular drivers are those involving the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which when aberrantly activated are integral to the development of a subset of NSCLC tumors. First‐generation and second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) specific to the activated EGFR have shown significant efficacy and have brought about the era of targeted therapy for NSCLC. The most common resistance mechanism is a threonine‐to‐methionine substitution (T790M) in exon 20 of the EGFR gene. Although the previous standard of care in patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC that progressed on initial TKI therapy was chemotherapy, third‐generation EGFR TKIs have now been developed and have yielded promising results for this population of patients with NSCLC. This article reviews the emerging data regarding third‐generation agents in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. Cancer 2015;121:E1–E6. © 2014 American Cancer Society.