亚临床甲状腺功能减退与甲状腺功能减退患者心脏结构及功能的改变

目的 观察亚临床甲状腺功能减退（SCH）和甲状腺功能减退（甲减）患者的超声心动图,分析其心脏结构与功能的改变。方法 选取2011年3月至2017年3月北京朝阳医院收治的58例SCH患者为SCH组,21例甲减患者为甲减组,选择同期甲状腺功能正常的健康体检者65例为对照组进行回顾性研究。比较3组对象超声心动图参数如左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左室射血分数、主动脉窦内径等的变化,并分析甲状腺功能状态对3组研究对象心脏结构与功能的影响。结果 对照组、SCH组及甲减组患者的LVEDD分别为（47.69±4.13）、（45.33±4.45）和（42.81±4.26）mm,3组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对照组、SCH组及甲减组患者的LVESD分别为（29.69±3.34）、（27.45±4.16）和（26.48±3.89）mm,3组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 SCH患者与甲状腺功能减退患者的LVEDD和LVESD减小,左心室功能降低。     

2型糖尿病患者甲状腺功能状态分析

目的分析2型糖尿病患者甲状腺功能状态。方法对140例2型糖尿病患者的血清游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)进行检测分析,并设正常对照组130例。结果 2型糖尿病组甲状腺功能提示TSH水平升高和FT3水平降低,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异,2型糖尿病患者中,甲状腺功能异常者占28%,其中甲状腺功能减退者占21%,女性2型糖尿病患者,亚临床甲减的患病率(28.1%)显著高于男性。结论 2型糖尿病患者并发甲状腺功能异常较常见,尤以女性亚临床甲减最常见。2型糖尿病患者应常规筛查甲状腺功能,提高亚临床甲减的检出率。     

妊娠期甲状腺功能减退症女性产后甲状腺功能转归影响因素分析

目的 分析妊娠期甲状腺功能减退症(以下简称甲减)女性产后甲状腺功能转归的相关影响因素。方法 选择2012年1月～2017年12月期间,在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院产检并分娩的产妇。按照笔者医院制定的妊娠期甲状腺功能特异参考标准,将妊娠期诊断的亚临床甲减、低T4血症、甲状腺自身抗体阳性的产妇作为研究对象,共纳入870例。分娩后42天、3个月、6个月、1年、2年进行随访。观察甲状腺功能的变化。其中对妊娠期亚临床甲减产妇根据TPOAb情况分为妊娠期亚临床甲减+TPOAb阳性组及妊娠期亚临床甲减+TPOAb阴性组,前者孕期和产后全部给予左旋甲状腺素钠片治疗。按其产后治疗时间分为持续治疗0～6个月组及>6个月组,观察其产后甲状腺功能减退的患病情况。结果 影响产后甲状腺功能转归的相关因素:单因素Logistic回归分析影响妊娠期亚临床甲减+TPOAb阳性组患者产后甲状腺功能转归的因素为TPOAb效价、产后药物干预及甲状腺摄碘率;影响低T4血症+TPOAb阳性组产后甲状腺功能转归的因素为TPOAb效价和甲状腺摄碘率;影响单纯甲状腺自身抗体阳性患者产后甲状腺功能转归的因素为TPOAb效价及诊断孕周。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,TPOAb效价(>1000U/ml)是妊娠期亚临床甲减+TPOAb阳性、低T4血症、单纯甲状腺自身抗体阳性组患者产后发生甲状腺功能减退的独立高危因素;产后药物干预是亚临床甲减患者产后发生甲状腺功能减退的独立保护因素。结论 产后持续治疗是影响妊娠期亚临床甲减合并TPOAb阳性患者产后甲状腺功能转归的独立保护因素。妊娠期亚临床甲减和低T4血症合并TPOAb阳性患者和单纯甲状腺自身抗体阳性患者的TPOAb效价高低是影响产后甲状腺功能转归的独立高危因素。     

甲状腺功能减退孕妇孕晚期脐血流S/D比值的变化

目的 探讨妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退（以下简称甲减组）和妊娠合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退孕妇孕晚期脐动脉血流S/D比值（S/D值）的变化及其与甲状腺功能的相关性。方法 选择2014年1月~2015年12月住院的孕晚期孕妇,剔除可能影响脐血流的合并症后,将孕妇分为甲减组、亚甲减组和正常对照组,比较3组孕妇S/D比值的不同,分析S/D比值与血清TSH、FT₄、FT₃的相关性。结果 甲减组S/D值（2.46±0.31）与亚甲减组S/D值（2.48±0.27）均高于对照组（2.32±0.17）,P值均为0.000。亚甲减组与甲减组比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.907）。3组间不同脐动脉血流S/D值区间病例数构成比,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。甲减组孕妇S/D比值与血清TSH呈正相关（r=0.186,P=0.037）,与血清FT₄、FT₃无相关性（P > 0.05）,亚甲减组孕妇S/D比值与血清TSH呈正相关（r=0.146,P=0.015）,与血清FT₄、FT₃无相关性（P > 0.05）,对照组S/D比值与血清TSH、FT₄、FT₃均无相关性（P > 0.05）。结论 甲状腺功能减退状态有可能影响孕晚期脐动脉血流。     

2型糖尿病患者亚临床甲状腺功能亢进与血糖血脂的相关性研究

目的 分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者出现亚临床甲状腺功能亢进的影响因素并探讨其相互作用机制。方法 回顾性分析2020年4月至2022年9月在安徽省第二人民医院全科医学科住院确诊T2DM患者263例的临床资料,根据其是否合并亚临床甲状腺功能亢进分为试验组(n=124)和对照组(n=139)。记录并比较两组患者一般资料(年龄、性别等)、血常规、生化常规、甲状腺功能等指标。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析2型糖尿病患者出现亚临床甲状腺功能亢进的危险因素。结果 两组患者的清蛋白、空腹血糖、糖化血清蛋白、血脂等因素,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归模型多因素分析提示空腹血糖(OR=0.883,95%CI:0.788~0.990,P=0.032)、糖化血清蛋白(OR=1.008,95%CI:1.004~1.013,P<0.001)为患者发生亚临床甲状腺功能亢进的独立危险因素。结论 空腹血糖水平升高,糖化血清蛋白水平降低是T2DM患者出现亚临床甲状腺功能亢进的独立危险因素。     

89例老年住院病人甲状腺异常分析

目的　探讨因各种急性或慢性疾病就诊的老年病人的甲状腺形态、功能状况。方法　 89例因非甲状腺疾病就诊的住院病人 ,均于入院当日晨起时抽空腹静脉血检测T3 、T4、FT3 、FT4、TSH、rT3 。其中 3 9例行甲状腺B超检查。结果　筛查出临床甲状腺功能减退症 (甲减 )患者 4人 (4 49% ) ,亚临床甲减 5人 (5 61% ) ,另有TSH >4 0mU/L 9人(13 75 % ) ,其中TSH >5 0mU/L 3人 (3 92 % )。 3 3人有T3 /FT3 不同程度降低 ,其中甲状腺功能正常性病变综合征 (SES ,低T3 /低T4综合征 ) 11例 (12 3 % ) ,低T3 、T4综合征 4例。结论　在老年住院病人中 ,甲状腺功能减退是一种发病率高又极其容易被漏诊的疾病 ,同时SES ,T3 /FT3 的降低程度及FT3 的升高程度与疾病的严重程度及预后有关系。     

左旋甲状腺素钠对原发性甲状腺功能减退亚临床状态预后的影响

目的：探讨原发性甲状腺功能减退的预防措施。方法：选择1994－1996年间确诊的原发性甲状腺功能减退（甲减）亚临床状态门诊和住院患者47例,随机分为治疗组（A组）和对照组（B组）。治疗组口服左旋甲状腺素钠（L－T4）治疗3个月,对照组口服安慰剂治疗3个月,随访5年。结果：应用L－T4治疗组原发性甲状腺功能减退的患病率较对照组明显降低（P＜0．05）。结论：应用小剂量左旋甲状腺素钠治疗原发性甲减亚临床状态可延缓原发性甲减的发生,降低原发性甲减的发生率。     

初发Graves病患者外周血调节性T细胞及滤泡调节性T细胞检测的临床研究

目的：　检测Graves病（Graves'' disease,GD）患者外周血调节性T细胞（regulatory T cells,Tregs）、滤泡调节性T细胞（follicular regulatory T cells,Tfrs）、滤泡辅助性T细胞（follicular helper T cells,Tfhs）数量及其表面分子肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员4（tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4,OX40）、程序性死亡因子1（programmed-death 1,PD-1）的表达。方法：　纳入初发GD患者23例（GD组）和健康对照者22例（NC组）,通过流式细胞术检测2组外周血Tregs（CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺）、Tfrs（CD4⁺Foxp3⁺PD-1⁺CXCR5⁺）及Tfhs（CD4⁺Foxp3^-PD-1⁺CXCR5⁺）细胞比例及其表面分子OX40、PD-1表达,分析GD发病与Tregs、Tfrs、Tfhs及其OX40、PD-1表达的关系,同时分析各检测指标与临床指标的相关性,初步探讨其临床意义。结果：　与NC组相比,GD组Tregs数量明显升高,Tregs上PD-1表达降低,Tregs上PD-1表达与TRAb水平呈显著负相关;初发GD患者Tfrs数量明显降低,且Tfrs上OX40表达上调,Tfrs数量与TRAb呈显著负相关。结论：　PD-1在Tregs上的低表达可能通过影响Tregs功能参与GD发病,GD患者体内Tfrs数量明显减少,且其OX40表达明显升高,OX40可能通过影响Tfrs与Tfhs稳态参与GD发病,这为临床上关于GD的治疗提供了新思路。     

不同类型甲状腺疾病患者尿碘水平差异分析

目的 比较不同类型甲状腺疾病患者中位尿碘（MUI）浓度之间的差异,并探讨碘与甲状腺功能及抗体水平之间的关系。方法 选择2016年6月至2017年12月于马鞍山市人民医院就诊的甲状腺疾病患者和健康体检者各100例,分别作为甲状腺疾病组和对照组,并根据甲状腺激素水平将甲状腺疾病组分为甲亢、亚甲亢、甲减、亚甲减4个亚组,每组25例;测定各组研究对象尿碘（UI）浓度、血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT4）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）水平,比较不同疾病组间患者UI浓度、UI水平分布差异,采用Spearman相关分析UI浓度与甲状腺激素及抗体水平相关性。结果 甲状腺疾病组MUI为324.56（223.77,368.75）μg/L;对照组MUI为167.98（109.54,240.54）μg/L,甲状腺疾病组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同类型甲状腺疾病组间比较,各疾病组患者均以UI过量所占比例较高,其中甲亢组UI过量比例为最高;各疾病组也存在碘缺乏患者,其中碘缺乏比例以亚甲亢组最高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示,甲亢组UI浓度与血清TSH呈正相关（r=0.581,P=0.002）,与FT3呈负相关（r=-0.487,P=0.014）,亚甲亢组UI浓度与血清FT4呈负相关（r=-0.432,P=0.031）,甲减组UI浓度与TPOAb呈正相关（r=0.644,P=0.001）。结论 不同类型甲状腺疾病患者UI水平存在差异,UI浓度与甲状腺激素水平及相关抗体存在相关性。     

甲状腺功能减退患者认知功能与抑郁的相关性研究

目的 了解甲状腺功能减退患者的认知功能与抑郁状况,并探索两者之间的相关性。方法 收集甲状腺功能减退患者45例和对照组25例,运用蒙特利尔认知功能评估量表（MOCA）及汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定患者的认知功能及抑郁状况,分析MOCA评分与HAMD评分之间的相关性。结果 甲减组认知功能障碍及抑郁的发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;甲减组MoCA总分、视空间与执行功能、记忆与延迟记忆分项得分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;甲减患者HAMD得分与MoCA总分、视空间与执行功能、记忆与延迟记忆分项得分呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）。结论 甲减患者常存在明显的认知功能障碍及抑郁障碍,且抑郁与认知功能密切相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.