医药大学生自杀意念影响因素研究

目的了解医药大学生自杀意念的影响因素,为自杀的预防和控制提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法抽取某医药学院学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查。用EPI软件进行录入,SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果490名大学生中,曾经想到自杀的占21.8%。单因素分析显示,对自杀行为性质的认识OR中立/肯定为0.19、OR否定/肯定为0.37与自杀意念有关;多因素Logistic回归结果显示,对自杀性质的认识、自杀者的态度、客观支持状况是自杀意念的影响因素,OR分别为2.11,1.83,1.41。结论对自杀性质的认识和自杀者的态度持否定态度,以及获得的客观社会支持越多,自杀意念发生的可能性就越小。     

医药大学生自杀意念影响因素研究

目的 了解医药大学生自杀意念的影响因素,为自杀的预防和控制提供依据.方法 采取分层整群抽样方法抽取某医药学院学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查.用EPI软件进行录入,SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析.结果 490名大学生中,曾经想到自杀的占21.8%.单因素分析显示,对自杀行为性质的认识OR中立/肯定为0.19、OR否定/肯定为0.37与自杀意念有关;多因素Logistic回归结果显示,对自杀性质的认识、自杀者的态度、客观支持状况是自杀意念的影响因素,OR分别为 2.11,1.83, 1.41.结论 对自杀性质的认识和自杀者的态度持否定态度,以及获得的客观社会支持越多,自杀意念发生的可能性就越小.     

卫生类专业高职专科毕业生就业影响因素及对策

文章结合毕业生就业实际，阐述影响毕业生就业的因素。提出新时期卫生类专业高职专科毕业生获得成功就业必须注意解决的一些问题。     

Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students

More than one-half of young adults aged 18–24 y have at least 1 coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor and nearly one-quarter have advanced atherosclerotic lesions. The extent of atherosclerosis is directly correlated with the number of risk factors. Unhealthy dietary choices made by this age group contribute to weight gain and dyslipidemia. Risk factor profiles in young adulthood strongly predict long-term CHD risk. Early detection is critical to identify individuals at risk and to promote lifestyle changes before disease progression occurs. Despite the presence of risk factors and pathological changes, risk assessment and disease prevention efforts are lacking in this age group. Most young adults are not screened and are unaware of their risk. This review provides pathological evidence along with current risk factor prevalence data to demonstrate the need for early detection. Eighty percent of heart disease is preventable through diet and lifestyle, and young adults are ideal targets for prevention efforts because they are in the process of establishing lifestyle habits, which track forward into adulthood. This review aims to establish the need for increased screening, risk assessment, education, and management in young adults. These essential screening efforts should include the assessment of all CHD risk factors and lifestyle habits (diet, exercise, and smoking), blood pressure, glucose, and body mass index in addition to the traditional lipid panel for effective long-term risk reduction.     

合肥市大学生吸烟行为危险因素分析

通过行为流行病学研究，从心理学、行为学方面分析了合肥市一般高校大学生吸烟行为的危险因素，结果表明：心理因素、社会、学校因素是大学生吸烟行为的主要危险因素，其中朋友吸烟行为所造成的“共济压力“是最为突出的危险因素，表明了学校是控制大学生吸烟的关键。     

中学生营养不良和肥胖的影响因素分析

目的：为探讨中学生营养不良和肥胖的影响因素。方法：采用病例对照研究方法对杭州市第五中学筛查出的营养不良及肥胖学生进行了营养不良和肥胖影响因素的问卷调查。所得资料应用非条件Logistic回归模型进行分析。结果：喜吃零食和母亲营养不良与中学生营养不良有关；母亲孕期发胖、父亲肥胖、母亲肥胖及外祖父肥胖和中学生肥胖有相关关系。结论：要纠正中学生营养不良，关键在于改变他们不良的饮食习惯。肥胖的遗传和家族倾向性，值得量视。     

北京市中专学生性交行为危险因素研究

目的 探讨中专学生发生性交行为的影响因素,以期利用有利因素或改变不利因素,达到降低性交行为在青少年中发生的目的。方法 2000年5月,在北京2所职业中专学校抽取二年级的学生共600人。以班为单位,采用集体不记名的方式填写问卷。结果 影响性交行为发生的因素有性别、现居住地、初中是否住校、现在是否住校、行为习惯、生殖健康知识、自我价值、边缘性行为(接吻、拥抱、爱抚),以及对性行为的信念等。结论 在中专学生中开展综合性的性教育是迫切的,要关注住校和有不良行为的学生。     

Association of Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors With Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease

Objectives:

The goal of this study was to examine the association of various demographic and socioeconomic factors with risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods:

We used nationally representative pooled data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2007–2013. We estimated the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. We defined CKD as a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m², and 1304 of the 45 208 individuals included in the KNHANES were found to have CKD by this definition. The outcome variable was whether individual subjects adhered to the CKD prevention and management guidelines recommended by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The guidelines suggest that individuals maintain a normal weight, abstain from alcohol consumption and smoking, manage diabetes and hypertension, and engage in regular exercise in order to prevent and manage CKD.

Results:

This study found that individuals with CKD were more likely to be obese and have hypertension or diabetes than individuals without CKD. In particular, male and less-educated CKD patients were less likely to adhere to the guidelines.

Conclusions:

Although the prevalence of CKD, as indicated by the KNHANES data, decreased from 2007 to 2013, the prevalence of most risk factors associated with CKD fluctuated over the same time period. Since a variety of demographic and socioeconomic factors are related to the successful implementation of guidelines for preventing and managing CKD, individually tailored prevention activities should be developed.     

大学生健康危险因素的分析

本文以医科大学生15年健康档案资料和1～4年级学生198名（男91人，女107人）为研究对象，调查分析了大学学习阶段各年级学生健康的变化规律，对其死亡、疾病、退学、休学、学习疲劳、视力、吸烟等生活习性和人格类型与特征，采用Bech-H、Scl90、EPQ个性问卷和RRT调查技术，评价大学生健康状况。发现二年级学生的身心健康最差，心理卫生问题最多，是高等学校预防保健工作的重点对象。     

Measuring School Functioning in Students With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND

It is often surmised that school functioning is significantly impacted in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS); however, how this phenomenon manifests itself has rarely been characterized.

METHODS

This systematic review synthesized and critically appraised methods, constructs, and instruments used to assess school functioning in students with CFS. Searches were conducted in electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, ERIC, and PsycINFO) to locate empirical studies that measured school functioning in children and adolescents with CFS.

RESULTS

A total of 36 papers met the inclusion criteria. By far the most commonly reported school functioning construct measured related to school attendance. This was followed by academic functioning, achievement motivation, and educational services received. Little consistency was found in the measurement of these constructs across studies.

CONCLUSIONS

The current review revealed that the school experiences of children and adolescents with CFS have rarely been characterized beyond school absenteeism. Improvements in current assessment methods are required to comprehensively understand the impact of CFS on school functioning. Completely understanding the multiple aspects of school functioning will help to inform targeted strategies to optimize educational outcomes for students with CFS.     

宁夏中小学生伤害的危险因素分析

目的 探讨导致中小学意外伤害的危险因素，为预防和减少青少年意外伤害的发生提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样的方法，对宁夏11所中学，10的小学的6－19岁在校中小学生7000人在1年中伤害发生情况进行调查。结果 伤害发生率为20．4％，男生（23．76％）高于女生（16．93％）（P＜0．050，中学生（23．19％）高于小学生（17．63％）（P＜0．005），回族学生（22．11％）高于汉族学生（19．6％）（P＜0．05）。前5位伤害依次为跌伤（8．51％），碰伤（3．38％），刀割伤（1．88％），车辆伤（1．34％）和烧烫伤（0．87％）。意外伤害的发生与性别，年龄，民族，地区，性格，心理状况，母亲化程度，父母职业，父母婚姻状况，家庭多子女及家庭经济状况等因素有一定关系。结论 青少年意外伤害是多因素相互作用的结果，应加强预防研究。     

探讨人工气道患者耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染的危险因素

目的 探讨人工气道患者耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染危险因素。方法 选择2018年7月—2020年7月人工气道患者218例作为对象,所有患者均使用耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物,根据患者肺部是否感染铜绿假单胞菌分为感染组与非感染组。查阅两组病例资料,对上述可能的危险因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic分析;对感染的铜绿假单胞菌菌株进行耐药性分析。结果218例人工气道患者耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物中铜绿假单胞菌菌肺部感染61例,感染率为27.98%。单因素结果表明：人工气道患者耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物铜绿假单胞菌菌肺部感染率与性别、年龄、合并基础疾病、白细胞水平差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）;与入院前卧床时间、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHE Ⅱ)评分、C反应蛋白（C reactive protein,CRP）、降钙素原（procalcitonin,PCT）、白蛋白、机械通气时间、抗菌药物使用差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。61例铜绿假单胞菌菌肺部感染患者中分离出病原菌78株,...     

中学生近视的影响因素分析

目的 探讨中学生近视的危险因素,为学生近视的防制提供依据.方法 整群随机抽取初中、高中共8个班级,采用问卷调查方式调查小学生的近视相关因素,共获有效问卷452份.并利用非条件Logistic回归分析近视的危险因素.结果 调查452名学生,近视率为54.0%.其中轻度、中度和重度分别为7.1%、13.1%和33.8%.男生近视率50.2%,女生近视率58.5 96;初中生近视率41.6%,高中生近视率65.1%.多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,结果表明,父亲近视(OR=2.69)、学习时间≥1 h/次(OR=1.46)、躺着看书(OR=1.74)和看电视和用电脑时间≥2 h/d(OR=2.14)作者单位:黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市五官医院眼科(黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161000)是中学生近视的危险因素;看书保持1尺距离(OR=0.30)、体育锻炼≥1 h/d(OR=0.63)是中学生近视的保护因素. 结论 中学生近视患病率较高,防制任务任重道远.应加强对中学生不良用眼行为的早期干预,从而防制近视的发生.     

婴幼儿重症肺炎并发心力衰竭的高危因素分析

目的 探讨婴幼儿重症肺炎并发心力衰竭的高危因素，为降低婴幼儿重症肺炎的病死率提供理论依据。方法 对全省l3家县级医院儿科自2000年7月1日-2001年6月30日期间收治的567例婴幼儿重症肺炎是否并发心力衰竭进行前瞻性研究，调查l0个因素。按有心力衰竭和无心力衰竭两组进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 单因素分析显示：年龄、血色素、先天性心脏病、危重病儿评分与婴幼儿重症肺炎并发心力衰竭有关。多因素分析显示：年龄、血色素、先天性心脏病、危重病儿评分与婴幼儿重症肺炎并发心力衰竭有关。结论 年龄、血色素、先天性心脏病、危重病儿评分是婴幼儿重症肺炎并发心力衰竭的危险因素。     

Associations of Type A Behavior in Children With Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease

To determine the association of Type A behavior and coronary heart disease risk factors in children with a familial predisposition for premature atherosclerosis, subjects 6 to 16 years of age were evaluated on psychological and coronary risk measures. Subjects were classified as being Type A or Type B using the Student Structured Interview. Type A subjects had lower total serum and LDL cholesterol levels and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure than Type B subjects. In addition, Type A subjects had more social competence skills and less behavioral disturbance relative to Type B subjects. Type A subjects tended to have better endurance on treadmill stress testing. These results suggest that in children with increased risk for coronary artery disease, the Type A behavior pattern may be associated with better fitness, better psychological health, and lower serum cholesterol levels. We hypothesized that the psychological and physiological characteristics of children with Type A behavior may enable them to adopt hygienic lifestyles more readily than children with Type B behavior.     

皮肌炎合并心脏异常危险因素的研究

目的探索我国皮肌炎患者合并心脏异常的危险因素。方法选择北京协和医院1970~1994年门诊和住院的符合Bohan和Peter1975年诊断标准的216例皮肌炎患者,进行成组的病例对照研究。研究因素为临床表现和相关实验室检查结果共29项。用Foxbase系统建立数据库,采用SPSS10.0统计学软件包,用非条件Logistic回归进行单因素分析、多因素分析。结果单因素分析危险因素为:发热(≥38℃)、CPK升高、SGOP升高、加用免疫抑制剂(P<0.05)。OR值分别为3.939、7.029、2.569、1.318。多因素分析结果:女性、伴吞咽困难、CPK升高、发热(≥38℃)为独立的危险因素(P<0.05)。OR值分别为7.777、3.929、5.685、4.650。结论皮肌炎合并心脏异常的危险因素为女性、伴吞咽困难、CPK升高、发热(≥38℃)。     

Associations of Type A Behavior in Children With Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease

To determine the association of Type A behavior and coronary heart disease risk factors in children with a familial predisposition for premature atherosclerosis, subjects 6 to 16 years of age were evaluated on psychological and coronary risk measures. Subjects were classified as being Type A or Type B using the Student Structured Interview. Type A subjects had lower total serum and LDL cholesterol levels and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure than Type B subjects. In addition, Type A subjects had more social competence skills and less behavioral disturbance relative to Type B subjects. Type A subjects tended to have better endurance on treadmill stress testing. These results suggest that in children with increased risk for coronary artery disease, the Type A behavior pattern may be associated with better fitness, better psychological health, and lower serum cholesterol levels. We hypothesized that the psychological and physiological characteristics of children with Type A behavior may enable them to adopt hygienic lifestyles more readily than children with Type B behavior.