白内障超声乳化术中囊膜阻滞综合征的诊治

目的 总结白内障超声乳化术中囊膜阻滞综合征的诊治经验。方法 1997年6月～2000年6月3a内1252例白内障患者行超声乳化联合后房型人工晶状体植入术,发现5例患者（5眼）在行环行撕囊、水分离后眼压突然升高、前房变浅、虹膜前移、晶状体核与环行撕囊后的前囊膜紧贴。其中初始1例发生晶状体后囊破裂、晶状体核坠入玻璃体腔,对此1例进行玻璃体切割联合巩膜缝线固定后房型人工晶状体植入术。之后4例用冲洗针头轻轻地拨动晶状体核,使前房与晶状体核后空间沟通,眼压下降,并顺利完成超声乳化联合后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果 患者经术中处理后眼压均恢复正常。术后1周视力达0.5～0.7。结论 囊膜阻滞综合征是与环行撕囊相关的一种并发症。对此并发症的认识将有助于采取恰当的术中防治措施。     

儿童白内障不同术式的临床观察

目的探讨儿童白内障的最佳手术方式.方法对136例(204眼)儿童白内障实施经上方巩膜隧道切口的超声乳化白内障吸出及后房型人工晶状体植入术.根据对后囊不同的处理方法,分为三组:Ⅰ组行后囊抛光,保留完整的后囊;Ⅱ组行后囊环行撕囊;Ⅲ组行后囊环行撕囊联合前部玻璃体切除术.术后随访12～24个月,平均20个月.观察各组术后矫正视力、后发性白内障发生情况及其它并发症.结果三组白内障术后后发障的发生率分别为Ⅰ组66.00%;Ⅱ组31.58%;Ⅲ组1.28%.术后矫正视力≥0.5者Ⅰ组10眼,占20.83%;Ⅱ组48眼,占66.67%;Ⅲ组64眼占80.05%.无黄斑水肿、视网膜脱离等并发症的发生.结论儿童白内障吸出后房型人工晶状体植入术中,行后囊连续环行撕囊联合前部玻璃体切除术可有效预防儿童白内障术后后发性白内障的发生.     

非染色连续环形撕囊在白色白内障超声乳化中的应用观察

目的:探讨非染色连续环形撕囊超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗白色白内障的疗效。方法:对458眼白色白内障施行非染色连续环形撕囊超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术,观察其撕囊成功率、术中的并发症、术后视力、术后角膜水肿反应等指标。结果:患者458眼中撕囊成功441眼(96.3%),17眼(3.7%)囊膜出现放射状撕裂,以剪刀剪出一囊膜瓣再完成撕囊。术中后囊膜破裂9眼(2.0%),术后轻度角膜水肿94眼(20.5%),中度水肿29眼(6.3%),重度水肿8眼(1.7%),水肿均在2～10d内消退,无角膜内皮失代偿。术后第1d视力均有明显的提高,视力>0.3者329眼(71.8%),术后1wk视力>0.5者417眼(91.0%)。结论:非染色连续环形撕囊超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗白色白内障虽手术操作较为困难,但熟练后成功率较高,术后视力恢复良好。     

扭动模式超声乳化治疗过熟期白内障

目的:探讨扭动模式超声乳化术用于过熟期白内障的安全性和效果。方法:对66例66眼过熟期白内障,采用扭动模式超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。术后随访3mo,观察视力及并发症情况。结果:66例白内障均顺利完成晶状体超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。裸眼视力0.5～0.8者30眼,≥1.0者36眼;矫正视力≥1.0者52眼。并发症有后囊破裂2眼,角膜中度水肿3眼。结论:对过熟期白内障行扭动模式超声乳化术是一种较为安全、有效的手术方法。     

后囊连续环形撕囊治疗超声乳化术中后囊破裂的疗效观察

目的：：观察白内障超声乳化术中出现后囊破裂行后囊连续环形撕囊( PCCC)的临床效果。方法：对2013-03/10的38例38眼年龄相关性白内障患者行白内障超声乳化,术中出现后囊破裂的患者行后囊连续环形撕囊联合人工晶状体植入术;同期随机选择50例50眼年龄相关性白内障患者行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术作为对照组,比较两组患者术后视力及其术后并发症情况,随访3 mo。结果：两组患者术后第1d视力、角膜水肿差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后3mo视力及角膜水肿差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后第1d眼压升高差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后3mo瞳孔及黄斑囊样水肿、视网膜脱离差异无统计学意义。结论：对于超声乳化术中发生后囊破裂的患者术中及时使用后囊连续环形撕除,能减少术后并发症发生,有效提高白内障术后效果。     

小切口非超声乳化连续环形撕囊术

连续环形撕囊术（continous curvilinear capsulorhexis，CCC）是近来倍受大多数白内障医师推崇的截囊方法，已经证明环行撕囊术是人工晶状体囊袋内固定最可靠和稳定的方法。环行撕囊术的出现极大地促进了晶状体超声乳化技术的发展，同样，在小切口非晶状体超声乳化白内障摘出术中连续环行撕囊术亦具有重要作用，是一个关键技术，作者在白内障复明行动中成功应用连续环行撕囊术行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出术，获得良好的效果。现报告如下：     

儿童白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术联合连续环形撕后囊术

目的 评价儿童性白内障摘除人工晶状体植入联合连续环行撕后囊的临床疗效。方法 通过对25例（35眼）儿童性白内障摘除人工晶状体植入联合连续环行撕后囊术，观察后发障等并发症的发生率及视力情况。结果 发现本组儿童性白内障术后脱盲率为90％，脱残率为67％，后囊再次混浊2眼（撕囊口玻璃体增殖）为6％。结论 儿童性白内障摘队人工晶状体植入联合连续环行撕后囊术，可以有效地防止后发性白内障的发生，保持视轴清亮，绝大部分的患儿术后视力显著提高。     

连续环形撕囊失败后白内障超声乳化IOL植入术分析

目的：分析连续环形撕囊失败后超声乳化人工晶状体(IOL)植入的可行性,探讨其后手术步骤的注意点及并发症的处理。

方法：对56眼连续环形撕囊失败后行白内障超声乳化IOL植入术患者进行分析。

结果：本组56眼均完成超声乳化IOL植入术,术中出现后囊膜破裂4眼,均植入IOL。

结论：连续环形撕囊失败后对撕裂处囊膜及时补救,对随后手术步骤认真分析、谨慎处理,仍可顺利完成超声乳化IOL植入术。     

白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除的临床观察

目的探讨白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术中Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除的临床疗效。方法对53例(60只眼)先天性白内障和后囊混浊的老年性白内障,施行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入,同时行Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除,术后观察眼压、人工晶状体位置、视轴区后发障等情况。结果术中人工晶状体均顺利植入囊袋;54只眼术后视力较术前提高,术后24小时后眼压正常;术后随访3个月~2年,无发生玻璃体疝入前房,未发现人工晶状体异位或夹持,无一例出现后发障、视网膜脱离。结论白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除是可行、安全的,能有效地治疗后囊膜混浊,预防后发障。     

囊膜染色技术在白内障超声乳化吸除术中的应用

白内障超声乳化吸除术是目前国内外治疗白内障的先进手术方法，而完成手术的关键之一是晶状体前囊膜的连续环行撕囊术(continuous curvihnear capsulorhexis，CCC)，成功的CCC其平滑、完整的撕囊口可在一定程度上抵抗超声乳化白内障手术中撕、拉等操作的作用力，减少晶状体囊膜放射状撕裂导致晶状体核块沉人玻璃体腔及玻璃体脱出等相关并发症的发生；同时可以确保人工晶状体囊袋内植人，从而保证术后远期人工晶状体位置的稳定性。     

Bilateral CNV associated with optic nerve drusen treated with photodynamic therapy with verteporfin

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with optic nerve drusen (OND) treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin. METHODS: A 10-year-old girl with juxtapapillary CNV in the right eye and juxtapapillary and juxtafoveal CNV in the left eye associated with OND underwent PDT with verteporfin in both eyes. RESULTS: Visual acuity increased from 20/160 to 20/25 in the right eye and from 20/1000 to 20/25 in the left eye after two sessions of PDT and 2 years of follow-up. CNV showed no leakage after two PDT sessions in both eyes and no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Subfoveal CNV is an uncommon complication of OND and excellent anatomic and functional results can be obtained with PDT.     

合并成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性渗出性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性。方法 对53例前房内出现成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAUPE）患者及61例前房内无成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAU）患者进行HLA-B27的检测,并结合临床表现加以分析。结果 成型性渗出的AAUPE患者的HLA-B27阳性率为100％,而无成型性渗出的AAU患者的HLA-B27阳性率仅为50.8％。二者有显著差异性（P<0.01）。两组HLA-B27阳性的病人强直性脊柱炎发生率分别为50.0％和42.9％。结论 结果进一步证实了HLA-B27与成型性渗出密切相关的论点。提示检测AAU患者HLA-B27的阳性率,发现成型性渗出裂隙灯检查似与血清法检测同样准确。     

Levodopa-carbidopa with occlusion in older children with amblyopia

PURPOSE: To study the role of levodopa-carbidopa in supplementing occlusion therapy in older children with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: A clinical study was performed on 40 amblyopic children (19 strabismic and 21 anisometropic), 6 to 18 years old (mean age, 10.9 years). They received an average dose of 1.86 mg/kg/day (1.33-2.36 mg/kg/day) of levodopa and carbidopa (4:1 ratio) or a placebo in 3 divided doses over a 4-week period, combined with full-time occlusion. The occlusion was continued for the study duration of 3 months. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity charts and Cambridge low-contrast gratings for contrast sensitivity (CS) were used to assess visual functions. Tolerance and compliance with occlusion and capsule consumption were assessed. RESULTS: Visual acuity of the nonamblyopic eye did not deteriorate during the study in either group. CS decreased by 22 units in the levodopa group and increased in the placebo group by 53 units at the first month. The CS in the levodopa group recovered later by the third month of follow-up. Both the levodopa and the placebo groups showed significant improvement in visual function in the amblyopic eye (P <.001). Overall changes in logarithm of minimum angle of resolution values and CS in the amblyopic eyes were similar in both groups (P >.05). Strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes did not behave differently. Drug tolerance, occlusion compliance, and capsule ingestion compliance were similar between the groups, with no significant side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically, levodopa supplementation does not offer any advantage over occlusion alone. Moreover, the risk of occlusion amblyopia could increase with the use of drugs like levodopa that might affect the plasticity of the visual cortex.     

Phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C in patients with uveitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for the management of uveitic complications. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the records of 23 consecutive eyes with chronic noninfectious uveitis (uveitic group) and 43 nonuveitic eyes (control group) that had received primary phacotrabeculectomy. Mitomycin C was used in all the uveitic eyes. Considering the high preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) of the uveitic group, nonuveitic eyes that had a preoperative IOP of >or=20 mm Hg or that had been given two or more medications were included in the control group. All patients were followed for at least one year. The main outcome measures were postoperative vision, IOP control, complications, and acute uveitis relapse rates. RESULTS: Visual outcome of the uveitic group was similar to the control group. In the uveitic group, the success rate of IOP control (91.3% at one year, 84.8% at two years) was favorable but was significantly lower than in the control group (P = .0423). Complications were comparable between the groups. Primary surgical failure in the uveitic group was associated with the postoperative acute uveitis attack. In the uveitic group, the acute uveitis attack rate showed no change after surgery (P = .283). CONCLUSION: With adequate inflammation suppression, phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C is an effective and safe therapeutic option for the management of secondary cataract and glaucoma in uveitic eyes. A lower surgical success rate of the uveitic group might be attributable to the postoperative inflammation recurrence.     

Epikeratoplasty with nonlyophilized tissue in children with aphakia

We studied 75 epikeratoplasty procedures using nonlyophilized tissue performed by eight ophthalmic surgeons in 70 eyes (47 patients) to correct for aphakia in children less than 8 years of age (mean age, 3.4 +/- 2.1 years). Of the 47 patients in the study, 24 were girls and 23 were boys; 23 patients had bilateral surgery. Seven of the epigrafts required removal; two were not replaced, and five underwent successful repeat epikeratoplasty. Overall, the success rate (that is, the percentage of epigrafts that remained optically and functionally clear throughout the course of this study) for the epikeratoplasty procedure was 89% (62 of 70 eyes) for initial surgery and 96% (67 of 70 eyes) for repeat surgery. The average spherical equivalent was +14.4 +/- 3.7 diopters preoperatively and +0.3 +/- 2.9 diopters one year after the operation. One year after the final surgical procedure, 42 of 56 eyes (75%) were within 3 diopters of emmetropia. In the 29 verbal patients, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 25 (86.2%) one year after the operation.     

滤过试验结合可拆缝线在小梁切除术中的应用

目的　探讨小梁切除术术中做滤过试验结合可拆缝线的应用对预测和控制术后滤过量及预防浅前房的疗效。方法　对 92例 ( 113眼 )原发性青光眼 ,在小梁切除术术中根据滤过试验结果来决定固定缝线和可拆缝线缝合的位置和数量。术后 1～ 7天 ,抽出可拆缝线。回顾性总结术中缝合种类、数量及术后前房深度、眼压、滤过泡、视野。结果　术中 40眼 ( 3 5 40 % )采用一针固定缝线和一至二针可拆缝线 ,5 1眼 ( 45 14 % )采用二针固定缝线和一至二针可拆缝线。术后无一例持续性浅前房。术后第 7天眼压平均 13 5± 3 3 0mmHg。追踪观察 6～ 2 4个月 ,形成功能性滤过泡 89眼( 78 76% ) ,眼压控制 <2 1mmHg 91眼 ( 80 5 3 % ) ,视野不变 98眼 ( 86 73 % )。结论　小梁切除术术中根据滤过试验的结果 ,通过对固定缝线和可拆缝线缝合的位置和数量的选择能有效预测和控制术后滤过量并预防术后浅前房     

超声乳化联合前房角分离治疗伴白内障的青光眼

目的：：观察晶状体超声乳化联合前房角分离术对伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼患者的治疗效果。方法：无并发症伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼50例50眼,施行晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术。术后随访3mo,记录并比较术前及术后最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角。各指标均采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,术前及术后3mo的最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角的情况进行比较。结果：术后3 mo的最佳矫正视力较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义( t=8.76, P=0.001);术后3 mo 的眼压为15.63±3.11mmHg,较术前(45.12±5.30mmHg)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=6.27,P=0.000);术后3mo的前房深度为3.57±0.02mm,较术前(1.43±0.25mm)明显加深,差异有统计学意义(t=8.16,P=0.001);术前、术后前房角情况的比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.432,P=0.000;Z=-2.432,P=0.016;Z=-4.379,P=0.000;Z=-4.538, P=0.000)。结论：晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术治疗伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼,能够有效控制眼压,提高视力,是一种安全、有效的手术方法。