酒精性肝损伤大鼠细胞色素P450 CYP2E1和细胞色素P450 CYP3A的代谢活性

目的观察酒精性肝损伤对大鼠细胞色素P450CYP3A(CYP3A)和细胞色素P450CYP2E1(CYP2E1)代谢活性的影响。方法采用ig给予白酒制备大鼠酒精性肝损伤模型,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性,采用HE染色法光镜下观测酒精对肝脏损伤程度。大鼠ip给予CYP3A探针药物咪达唑仑10mg·kg-1或ig给予CYP2E1探针药物氯唑沙宗50mg·kg-1后,采用高效液相色谱法测定不同时间点大鼠血浆中咪达唑仑和氯唑沙宗的血药浓度,并应用3P87软件计算其药代动力学参数,以考察CYP2E1和CYP3A的代谢活性的变化。大鼠ig给予氯唑沙宗80mg·kg-1后,热板方法测定大鼠添足次数和添足反射潜伏期。结果酒精性肝损伤可致大鼠肝小叶结构不清,肝索排列紊乱,肝细胞体积增大,呈弥漫性中度水变性,肝窦受压,大部分肝细胞胞浆内见大小不等的脂肪空泡;与正常对照组相比,酒精性肝损伤组大鼠GPT和GOT活性分别增加了16.0%和20.0%(P<0.05,P<0.01)。酒精性肝损伤致大鼠CYP2E1对探针药物氯唑沙宗的代谢活性增强,AUC,t1/2和cmax分别降低了38.0%,30.5%和35.0%(P<0.05);酒精肝损伤组大鼠氯唑沙宗镇痛效果明显降低;酒精性肝损伤致大鼠CYP3A对探针药物咪达唑仑的代谢活性增强,AUC,t1/2和cmax分别降低了122.6%,54.9%和56.9%(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论酒精性肝损伤可使大鼠CYP2E1和CYP3A代谢活性增强。     

细胞色素P450 2E1与酒精性肝病

细胞色素P4502E1(cytochrome P4502E1,CYP2E1)是细胞色素P450的乙醇诱导形式,在乙醇氧化酶途径中起重要作用.现通过查阅国内外相关文献综述了近年来关于CYP2E1在酒精性肝病方面的研究进展.     

细胞色素P4502E1的研究进展

ＣＹＰ２Ｅ１在药物和人们经常接触的溶剂与环境污染物的代谢中具有重要作用。本文综述ＣＹＰ２Ｅ１的结构特点、基因、底物和探药以及影响其活性的主要因素。     

依达拉奉清除自由基机制及临床应用

研究证实,多种人类疾病的发生与机体过量自由基的产生相关,过量自由基损伤脂质,蛋白质和DNA等生物大分子,导致对机体的有害作用。依达拉奉(edaravone)为强效自由基清除剂,于2001年在日本上市,临床上主要用于治疗急性缺血性脑中风。本文对依达拉奉清除自由基的机制和治疗多种人类疾病的研究进展作简要概述,主要介绍了依达拉奉在治疗脑、心脏等多器官的缺血/再灌注损伤,肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)、帕金森病(PD)、阿尔茨海默病(AD)、多发性硬化症等神经性疾病,癫痫,动脉粥样硬化,肝、肺纤维化病变,类风湿性关节炎和突发性耳聋等多种人类疾病中的应用,为进一步开发依达拉奉在临床上的新用途提供参考。     

细胞色素P450 CYP2E1酶构型特征及其表达调控机制的研究进展

细胞色素P450CYP2E1酶参与代谢活化及失活多种前毒物、前致癌物和少数药物。在细胞色素P450超家族中,CYP2E1具有易介导自由基生成引发氧化应激反应的特征。CYP2E1表达水平可能是机体对环境和工业毒物或致癌物敏感程度的重要因素。研究表明,CYP2E1可被多种内、外源性物质所调控,并且CYP2E1的药理和毒理学功能与其以蛋白构型为基础的代谢行为密切相关。本文综述了CYP2E1基因多态性、酶构型特征与其代谢活性间的关系,并分析了其区别于其他细胞色素P450亚型的表达调控机制。     

地非三唑对大鼠肝细胞细胞色素P450 CYP1A1/2的诱导作用

目的 试从mRNA表达水平阐明地非三唑对鼠肝微粒体中细胞色素P450 CYP1A1/2的诱导机制。方法 给SD大鼠腹腔注射地非三唑，采用Trizol法提取大鼠肝脏RNA,用RT-PCR测定经地非三唑处理1, 2及4 d的鼠肝中细胞色素P450 CYP1A1, CYP1A2 mRNA的表达水平。结果 地非三唑处理不同时间的鼠肝细胞中细胞色素P450 CYP1A1, CYP1A2 mRNA的表达水平比空白对照组明显增加，空白对照组CYP1A1吸光度比值为0.270±0.040, 诱导1, 2及4 d的吸光度比值分别为0.343±0.055, 0.417±0.045及0.603±0.083；空白对照组的CYP1A2吸光度比值为0.613±0.189, 而诱导1，2及4 d的吸光度比值分别为1.510±0.226, 3.057±0.518及4.120±0.458。随着诱导时间的增加，细胞色素P450 CYP1A1及CYP1A2 mRNA的表达也逐步增加，诱导时间与表达水平之间存在一定的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9984和0.9563。结论 地非三唑对细胞色素P450 CYP1A1/2 mRNA表达具有诱导作用。     

IL-1、TNF-α在免疫性肝损伤过程中对代谢酶CYP2E1的调控作用

目的探讨在免疫性肝损伤过程中,炎性细胞因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)对药物代谢酶细胞色素P450 2E1(cytochrome P450 2E1,CYP2E1)的调控作用及其机制。方法采用尾静脉注射BCG(125 mg·kg-1)制备免疫性肝损伤大鼠模型。HPLC法检测CYP2E1的探针药物氯唑沙宗在大鼠体内的血药浓度经时变化,反映其代谢活力;采用ELISA法检测大鼠肝组织IL-1β、TNF-α的变化;采用Western blot检测CYP2E1蛋白表达。结果大鼠尾静脉注射BCG 14 d后,可引起肝实质及汇管区周围有大量单核细胞及淋巴细胞浸润,形成大小不等且弥漫性分布的大量肉芽肿团块,IL-1β、TNF-α高表达(P <0. 01),CYP2E1代谢活力和蛋白表达明显降低(P <0. 05)。CYP2E1蛋白含量与IL-1β(r=0. 222,P=0. 027)呈负相关。采用PDTC钝化核转录因子κB(NF-κB)活化,可抑制肝组织中IL-1β、TNF-α高表达,减缓CYP2E1代谢活力和蛋白表达的下调。结论 NF-κB可能通过调控炎性细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α,参与CYP2E1的调控。     

地非三唑对大鼠肝细胞细胞色素P450 CYP1A1/2的诱导作用

目的试从mRNA表达水平阐明地非三唑对鼠肝微粒体中细胞色素P450 CYP1A1/2的诱导机制。方法给SD大鼠腹腔注射地非三唑,采用Tr-izol法提取大鼠肝脏RNA,用RT-PCR测定经地非三唑处理1,2及4d的鼠肝中细胞色素P450 CYP1A1,CYP1A2 mRNA的表达水平。结果地非三唑处理不同时间的鼠肝细胞中细胞色素P450CYP1A1,CYP1A2 mRNA的表达水平比空白对照组明显增加,空白对照组CYP1A1吸光度比值为0.270±0.040,诱导1,2及4d的吸光度比值分别为0.343±0.055,0.417±0.045及0.603±0.083;空白对照组的CYP1A2吸光度比值为0.613±0.189,而诱导1,2及4d的吸光度比值分别为1.510±0.226,3.057±0.518及4.120±0.458。随着诱导时间的增加,细胞色素P450 CYP1A1及CYP1A2 mRNA的表达也逐步增加,诱导时间与表达水平之间存在一定的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9984和0.9563。结论地非三唑对细胞色素P450 CYP1A1/2 mRNA表达具有诱导作用。     

细胞色素P450酶系在药物代谢中的作用

该文从细胞色素P450概述、参与药物代谢的人类细胞色素P450亚型、细胞色素P450与药物的相互作用、细胞色素P450多态性在药物不良反应中的作用及细胞色素P450酶系产生药物不良反应的机制等方面综述细胞色素P450酶系对药物代谢的影响，为指导临床合理用药，避免药物不良反应及个体化用药提供参考。     

Cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity is enhanced by elevated expression of cytochrome P450 2E1.

In this study, the possible potentiation of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) was examined both in vitro and in vivo. Transfected HepG2 cells expressing CYP2E1 (E47 cells) and not expressing CYP2E1 (C34 cells) were used as an in vitro model, and mice drinking 2% acetone for 7 days to induce CYP2E1 were used as an in vivo model. Exposure of E47 cells to cisplatin caused a much greater loss of cell viability, more striking depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), and higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as compared with C34 cells. The prooxidant L-buthionine-[R,S]-sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH, enhanced cisplatin-induced loss of cell viability, whereas the antioxidant glutathione ethyl ester, or the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) protected against the cisplatin-induced loss of E47 cell viability. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), an inhibitor of CYP2E1, also protected against the cisplatin toxicity in the E47 cells. After being injected with cisplatin (ip, 45 mg/kg), mice drinking 2% acetone with increased CYP2E1 levels exhibited elevated levels of serum ALT and AST, liver caspase-3 activity and positive staining of TUNEL increased, and histopathology indicated the presence of necrotic foci in livers of acetone plus cisplatin-treated mice. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation as indicated by carbonyl formation, staining of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and iron were higher in the cisplatin plus acetone group, compared with cisplatin alone group. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicate that elevated CYP2E1 enhances cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, and the mechanism may involve increased production of ROS and oxidative stress.     

酮康唑对大鼠肝脏CYP450酶系的影响*

目的:观察酮康唑对大鼠肝细胞色素P450及其主要亚型的影响。方法:Sprague-Dawley大鼠用140,280,420μmol.kg-1.d-1酮康唑连续灌胃7 d,测定肝脏微粒体中总CYP450含量和CYP1A1,1A2,1B1,2B1/2,2E1和3A亚型活性。结果:不同剂量酮康唑给药后大鼠肝脏脏器系数、CYP1A1和1B1亚型活性明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.01);总CYP450含量和CYP3A活性显著降低(P<0.01);低剂量的酮康唑抑制CYP1A2和CYP2B1/2亚型的活性,高剂量却出现了诱导作用(P<0.05,P<0.01)。各剂量组对CYP2E1均无明显影响。结论:酮康唑对大鼠肝脏CYP450及主要药物代谢亚型CYP1A1,1A2,1B1,2B1/2和3A有影响,临床长期用药或与经肝脏CYP450代谢的药物联合应用时要注意监测血药浓度和肝脏功能,防止药物代谢减缓出现蓄积中毒或药物代谢加快而降低药效。     

Variability of cytochrome P450 1A2 activity over time in young and elderly healthy volunteers

AIMS: To assess the age-associated changes over time of plasma paraxanthine/caffeine (PAX/CAF) ratios used as a probe for CYP1A2 activity. METHODS: Intraindividual and interindividual variabilities in PAX/CAF ratio were compared by phenotyping with caffeine, 16 young and 16 elderly healthy subjects on five occasions. RESULTS: PAX/CAF ratio variability was comparable regardless of age (intraindividual CV: 17.6 +/- 6% and 16.2 +/- 5.9%, interindividual CV: 48.1 +/- 2.9% and 42.7 +/- 3.6% in young and elderly, respectively). The PAX/CAF ratio was lower in elderly than in young subjects (95% CI for the difference: 0.004, 0.32) but the difference was not significant in nonsmokers compared separately. CONCLUSIONS: The variability over time of the PAX/CAF ratio is not influenced by age.     

体外研究人细胞色素P450在雌二醇代谢中的作用(英文)

目的:研究雌二醇在cDNA表达的P450和人肝微粒体中的代谢机制,为在体内研究细胞色素P450活性与肿瘤发生的关系提供依据。方法:用HPLC-ECD法测定雌二醇的代谢产物。通过雌二醇在不同cDNA表达的P450中代谢,13例人肝微粒体中相关性研究,抑制剂对代谢的影响以及微粒体中17β-羟基脱氢化和2-羟基化代谢的催化动力学的研究来推断雌二醇的代谢机理。结果:在cDNA表达的P450中,催化2-羟基化代谢的P450按活性排列依次为CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2C9。CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP2C8均具有较高的催化17β-羟基脱氢化活性。抑制CYP1A2与抑制CYP3A4对2-羟基化代谢产物生成的影响相似,可认为CYP1A2和CYP3A4在人肝微粒体中催化2-羟基化代谢的作用相近。雌二醇代谢的途径与底物浓度有关,低浓度时(1,10μmol/L)17β-羟基脱氢化为主要代谢途径;高浓度时(100μmol/L),2-羟基化成为主要代谢途径。结论:高底物浓度时,雌二醇主要由CYP1A2和CYP3A4催化代谢为2-羟基化产物。低底物浓度时,主要由CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP2C8催化生成17β-羟基去氢化产物。     

Effects of tebuconazole on cytochrome P450 enzymes,oxidative stress,and endocrine disruption in male rats

The major objective of the present study was to determine the ability of a triazole fungicide tebuconazole to induce cytochrome P450‐dependent monooxygenases, oxidative stress, and endocrine‐disrupting activity using male rats treated with tebuconazole at 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg p.o. once daily for 28 days. In liver, tebuconazole dose‐dependently increased microsomal contents of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b₅ and the activities of NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase, 7‐ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase, methoxyresorufin O‐demethylase, pentoxyresorufin O‐dealkylase, 7‐ethoxycoumarin O‐deethylase, aniline hydroxylase, and erythromycin N‐demethylase. In kidney, tebuconazole increased 7‐ethoxycoumarin O‐deethylase activity without affecting other monooxygenase activities. In marked contrast to liver and kidney, tebuconazole decreased testicular 7‐ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase, methoxyresorufin O‐demethylase, 7‐ethoxycoumarin O‐deethylase, aniline hydroxylase, and erythromycin N‐demethylase activities. The results of immunoblot analysis of liver microsomes of controls and tebuconazole‐treated rats revealed that tebuconazole induced CYP1A1/2, CYP2B1/2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A proteins in liver. Additions of tebuconazole to liver microsomes inhibited microsomal 7‐ethoxycoumarin O‐deethylase activity in vitro (IC₅₀ = 1.50–1.69 µM). Treatment of rats with tebuconazole decreased glutathione content and increased glutathione S‐transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in liver; increased superoxide dismutase activities in kidney and testis; but decreased glutathione S‐transferase activity in testis. Treatments with tebuconazole decreased serum testosterone concentration and cauda epididymal sperm count. The present study demonstrates that tebuconazole induces a multiplicity of CYPs and oxidative stress in liver; inhibits testicular P450 and glutathione S‐transferase activities; and produces anti‐androgenic effects in male rats.     

人细胞色素P450 1A2 cDNA克隆及鉴定

为建立人细胞色素 P450转基因细胞 ,从人肝组织提取总 RNA,RT- PCR扩增人细胞色素 P4501 A2基因的 c DNA( CYP1 A2 c DNA) ,将其连接到p GEM- T载体上 ,并对 CYP1 A2 c DNA进行全序列测定 .结果与 Jaiswal等发表的 CYP1 A2 c DNA序列相比 ,所克隆的 c DNA,codon51 5AAT→ AAC都编码天冬酰胺 ,而 codon 51 0后面插入了一个CTG(亮氨酸 ) ,则与 Quattrochi等报道的相同 .本实验室克隆的 CYP1 A2 c DNA可能是一种新的CYP1 A2 c DNA,有可能来自于一种新的 CYP1 A2等位基因的转录 .     

大黄素对大鼠肝脏CYP450酶的诱导研究

目的 探讨大黄素对大鼠肝脏细胞色素P450酶(CYP450)及其主要亚型的影响。方法 20只雄性SD大鼠, 随机分成4组, 每组5只, 分别为溶剂对照组, 170、500和1 500 mg/kg大黄素染毒组, 大黄素蒸馏水混悬后连续经口给药16 d, 结束后次日取大鼠肝脏组织制作微粒体, 分别采用CO还原差示光谱法、分光光度法及化学发光法检测大鼠肝脏微粒体总CYP450水平, 红霉素脱甲基酶(CYP3A)、氨基比啉-N-脱甲基酶, CYP1A、CYP2B和CYP2E1酶活性变化。结果 大黄素连续经口给药16 d, 能够引起大鼠肝脏微粒体总CYP450显著升高、可轻度诱导CYP3A、CYP1A、CYP2E1和CYP2B酶, 500 mg/kg剂量组最明显。结论 大黄素对大鼠肝脏中CYP3A、CYP1A、CYP2B和CYP2E1酶均有诱导作用。