Laparoscopic Pelvic Autonomic Nerve-Preserving Surgery for Sigmoid Colon Cancer

Background To test the feasibility of laparoscopic approach in performing the simultaneous pelvic autonomic nerve preservation during standard anterior resection of sigmoid colon cancer. Methods Patients meeting appropriate eligibility criteria were recruited for the present study. The surgical procedures are shown in the video. The genitourinary function was evaluated on the basis of validated questionnaires including International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results A total of 112 patients (tumor, node, metastasis system stage I, n = 8; stage II, n = 54; stage III, n = 50; male, n = 58; female, n = 54; age [mean ± standard deviation], 55.8 ± 6.4 years) with good baseline genitourinary function were operated on with the intent of total preservation of pelvic autonomic nerves and curative resection of sigmoid colon cancer. The patients were prospectively followed (median time of follow-up, 18 months; range, 6–30 months). In patients with a successful nerve-preserving surgery (96.4%, n = 108), 104 patients completed the evaluation of urinary function. The median duration for indwelling urine Foley catheter was 3.0 days (range, 1.0–7.0 days). The voiding function after removal of the urine Foley catheter was good (IPSS, 0–7) in 98 (94.2%) patients, fair (IPSS, 8–14) in 5 (4.8%), and poor (IPSS, 15–35) in 1 (1.0%). Before and after nerve-preserving surgery, there were no significant changes of IPSS scores (3.20 ± 1.72 vs. 3.68 ± 2.82, P = .075, paired t-test) in the present patient series. Forty-four male patients completed the postoperative evaluation of sexual function, and ejaculation was ranked as good in 40 (90.9%), fair (decrease in ejaculatory amounts) in 3 (6.8%), and poor (retrograde ejaculation, failure of ejaculation) in 1 (2.3%), whereas the potency was good (IIEF, 60–75) in 41 (93.2%), fair (IIEF, 44–59) in 2 (4.5%), and poor (IIEF, 5–43) in 1 (2.3%). Moreover, before and after a successful nerve-preserving operation, there were no significant changes of IIEF scores (72.4 ± 4.6 vs. 70.3 ± 8.4, P = .082, paired t-test). For female patients (n = 42), the postoperative sexual function was ranked as good (FSFI score, 76–95) in 36 (85.7%), fair (FSFI, 58–75) in 4 (9.5%), and poor (FSFI, 4–57) in 2 (4.8%). Furthermore, there were no significant changes of FSFI scores (89.0 ± 9.2 vs. 85.4 ± 16.4, P = .122, paired t-test) before and after successful nerve-preserving surgery. Conclusions Under laparoscopy, we can clearly identify and preserve the pelvic autonomic nerves to retain genitourinary function in most patients undergoing oncologic resection of sigmoid colon cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Long-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery for Advanced Transverse Colon Cancer

Background

The role of laparoscopic surgery for advanced transverse colon cancer (TCC) remains controversial, especially in terms of long-term oncologic outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled 157 consecutive patients who underwent curable resections for advanced TCC between January 2002 and June 2011 (laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (LAC), n?=?74; open colectomy (OC), n?=?83). Short-term outcomes and oncologic long-term outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

Compared to the OC group, patients in the LAC group had less blood loss (LAC vs. OC, 79.6?±?70.3 vs. 158.4?±?89.3 ml, p?<?0.001), faster return of bowel function (2.6?±?0.7 vs. 3.8?±?0.8 days, p?<?0.001), and shorter postoperative hospital stay (10.3?±?3.7 vs. 12.6?±?6.0 days, p?=?0.007). Conversions were required in four (5.4 %) patients. Rates of short-term complication, mortality, and long-term complication were comparable between the two groups. The median follow-up time was 54 (26–106) months in the LAC group and 58 (29–113) months in the OC group (p?=?0.407). There were no statistical differences in the rates of 5-year overall survival (73.6 vs. 71.1 %, p?=?0.397) and 5-year disease-free survival (70.5 vs. 66.7 %, p?=?0.501) between the two groups.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic surgery for advanced TCC yield short-term benefits while achieving equivalent long-term oncologic outcomes.     

Early Experience with Elective Single-port Laparoscopic Appendectomy and Cholecystectomy in Day-case Surgery

Background : Single incision laparoscopy aims to reduce access trauma and facilitate specimen extraction. We report our early experience and describe the learning curve for single-port laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy as a primer for more advanced single-port laparoscopic procedures.

Methods : From June 2009 to February 2010, all consecutive patients undergoing elective single-port appendectomy and cholecystectomy at the day surgical centre were included. A prospective database with perioperative data was created. Results : Ten appendectomies and 4 cholecystectomies were done in 13 patients, predominantly males (77%), with a mean age of 45 years and a mean BMI of 23 kg/m². The mean operative time was 31 minutes and 75 minutes for appendectomy and cholecystectomy, respectively. One extra trocar was placed in the first two cholecystectomies, to improve exposure and allow cholangiography. All patients did well at a median follow-up of 5.8 months and no wound infections, nor incisional hernias were detected.

Conclusion : Single-port laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy is safe and feasible with a short learning curve and has good outcome.     

结肠癌腹腔镜下切除与开腹切除的短期疗效对比

目的比较结肠癌腹腔镜辅助下切除与开腹切除的短期疗效。方法对2004年1月～2009年12月笔者所在医院行腹腔镜辅助下结肠癌根治术30例及开腹结肠癌根治术45例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较两组患者手术及术后情况。结果腹腔镜组与开腹组手术时间分别为（150.45±22.10）min和（148.56±28.55）min;切口总长度分别为（6.55±0.54）cm和（18.56±2.35）cm;出血量分别为（33.52±23.08）mL和（40.35±25.12）mL;淋巴结清除数分别为（12.53±2.36）枚和（13.24±2.05）枚;术后镇痛时间分别为（49.00±2.30）min和（89.00±9.30）min;术后下床活动时间分别为（30.85±7.09）min和（72.25±9.73）min;术后平均住院天数（6.05±1.09）d和（10.06±2.16）d;术后肛门排气时间分别为（25.08±6.89）min和（66.28±13.57）min;两组患者病理切缘均为阴性,均无术后并发症及术后死亡病例。结论腹腔镜辅助下结肠癌根治术安全可行,具有患者创伤小、术后康复快的优点,根治效果可达到开腹手术的水平。     

泌尿外科单孔行腹腔镜手术:早期经验总结

目的 介绍使用Uni-X单孔腹腔镜系统完成泌尿外科单孔腹腔镜手术的早期经验,这套系统包括一个单孔多通道的套管和一套特别设计的弯曲的腹腔镜器械.方法 我们对10名患者施行了泌尿外科单孔腹腔镜手术,包括4例冷冻治疗,1例肾楔形活检,1例根治性肾切除,4例经腹腔阴道骶骨固定术.经腹腔入路时,单孔多通道系统经脐置入:经腹膜后入路时,单孔多通道系统经第12肋末梢处置入.相关数据由前瞻性的数据注册登记审核委员会收录.结果 从2007年9月25日起,10名患者因腹部及盆腔疾病接受了单孔腹腔镜手术.所有手术均顺利完成,无中途转为标准腹腔镜术式.肾脏手术平均手术时间2.5小时(范围2～3.2小时),阴道骶骨固定术平均手术时间2.5小时(范围2～3小时).肾脏手术平均失血量100ml,阴道骶骨固定术平均失血量90 ml.肾脏手术平均住院时间2.8天(范围1～8天),阴道骶骨固定术住院时间2天.1例接受冷冻治疗的患者并发充血性心力衰竭,术后给予面罩吸氧,使其住院时间延长1周.此患者术前因贫血输3U浓缩红细胞,术后CT扫描发现一小的肾周血肿.结论 以单孔腹腔镜行肾脏冷冻治疗、肾楔形活检、根治性肾切除和阴道骶骨固定术安全可行.尚需行进一步实践和跟踪观察.     

Initial Experience with Intracorporeal Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy and Detaenial Sigmoid Neobladder Reconstruction

BackgroundIntracorporeal urinary diversion is considered to be effective in improving intestinal function recovery and reducing the occurrence of early complications after radical cystectomy. Almost all neobladders constructed via intracorporeal laparoscopy have used the ileum.ObjectiveTo present our intracorporeal detaenial sigmoid neobladder technique that replicates open surgery principles and to present oncological and functional outcomes and complication rates.Design, setting, and participantsThis is a case series from a single tertiary referral hospital from September 11, 2018 to April 19, 2019, including 12 selected patients with pathologically confirmed muscle-invasive or refractory non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Surgical procedureLaparoscopic radical cystectomy including pelvic lymph-node dissection and intracorporeal detaenial sigmoid neobladder, which is demonstrated in the accompanying video.MeasurementsDemographic, clinical, and pathological data were collected. Perioperative outcomes and 1-yr oncological and functional outcomes are reported.Results and limitationsAll surgeries were successful without severe complications or conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time (± standard deviation) was 414.6 ± 52.2 min, with 33.8 ± 6.80 min for neobladder construction. Surgical margins and lymph nodes were all negative for metastasis. All patients were encouraged to do ambulation exercise 1 d after surgery, and oral liquid intake was resumed between days 2 and 4. However, because this was a retrospective study in a single centre with very few cases, it is difficult to reach a definitive conclusion.ConclusionsIntracorporeal detaenial sigmoid neobladder is technically feasible with no need for additional medical equipment. Encouraging outcomes were observed during short-term follow-up. This approach could represent another alternative choice for patients undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy. Longer-term follow-up data are needed to evaluate oncological and functional outcomes.Patient summaryWe describe our stepwise technique for intracorporeal detaenial sigmoid neobladder while replicating established open surgery principles. In addition to retaining the advantages of a neobladder, better postoperative recovery is achieved.     

腹腔镜根治术治疗血管变异的远端乙状结肠和直肠癌效果分析

目的:研究腹腔镜根治术治疗血管变异的远端乙状结肠和直肠癌的临床效果。方法:选取2016年12月—2018年12月在我院接受治疗的120例伴血管变异远端乙状结肠癌和直肠癌患者为研究对象,分为开腹组(58例)与腹腔镜组(62例)。开腹组行开腹结直肠癌根治术,腹腔镜组行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术,比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、住院时间、胃肠激素水平和治疗效果及术后胃肠功能恢复情况。结果:两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组手术过程中患者的出血量[(136.58±62.26) mL]及住院时间[(12.78±1.73) d]均明显少于开腹组[(188.24±72.21) mL和(20.67±1.52) d,P0.05]。且开腹组术后排气时间[(1.27±0.43)d]、排便时间[(3.45±0.86)d]及肠鸣音恢复时间[(0.63±0.58)d]均多于腹腔镜组[(3.24±1.24)d、(5.25±1.43)d、(1.85±0.69)d),P0.05];两组术前24 h胃动素和胃泌素差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后96 h,两组患者胃动素和胃泌素均不同程度降低,且开腹组下降更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组术后切口感染、吻合口出血、肺部感染、腹腔脓肿及恶心呕吐的总发生率(5%)低于开腹组(14%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术对伴血管变异远端乙状结肠癌和直肠癌患者具有良好的效果和安全性,可减轻患者腹部的创伤,降低并发症的发生率,有助于维持患者血清中胃动素和胃泌素的相对平衡,促进患者术后胃肠功能恢复,临床疗效好。     

Feasibility of Single-Port Laparoscopic Surgery for Sigmoid Colon and Rectal Cancers and Preoperative Assessment of Operative Difficulty

Purpose

Single-port laparoscopic surgery is more difficult for sigmoid colon and rectal cancers than for right-sided colon cancer. We sought to analyze the feasibility of this procedure for sigmoid colon and rectal cancers and to estimate its difficulty.

Methods

We analyzed prospectively collected data from 63 consecutive patients with sigmoid colon or rectal cancers who underwent single-port laparoscopic surgery at our institution from June 2009 to December 2011. Patient and tumor characteristics, including patients’ pelvic anatomy which was assessed on CT scan imaging, were evaluated to elucidate what factors would affect the difficulty of the procedure and the necessity of using an additional trocar.

Results

Overall, the median operative duration was 190 min and blood loss was 20 ml, with no postoperative complications. The median number of lymph nodes harvested was 17 and the distal margin was 58 mm. The tumor was located significantly closer to the anus in cases in which an additional trocar was required in the right lower quadrant (9.5 vs 18 cm, p?<?0.0001). Procedural difficulty was significantly increased in cases in which the sacral promontory protruded ventrally (odds ratio 0.779 [95 % confidence interval 0.613 to 0.945], p?=?0.0236).

Conclusions

Depending on tumor location and sacral promontory shape, the introduction of an additional trocar might render single-port laparoscopic surgery feasible for sigmoid colon and rectal cancer resection.     

Laparoscopic Retrieval of Intrauterine Device Perforating the Sigmoid Colon

Introduction:

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a well-tolerated, widely used contraceptive. A major but infrequent complication of the IUD is perforation of the uterus or cervix and migration of the device into the abdomen. Our case of laparoscopic retrieval of an IUD perforating the sigmoid colon illustrates this rare complication.

Methods:

A 36-year-old woman with a history of IUD placement 4 years earlier presented with complaints of abdominal pain and bright red blood per rectum. She had conceived 9 months after IUD placement and suffered a spontaneous abortion requiring an evacuation of the retained products of conception. At presentation, she was afebrile with normal vital signs. Physical examination was significant for tenderness to palpation over the left lower quadrant.

Results:

Computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen and pelvis showed a foreign body through the wall of the uterus and entering the colon. Colonoscopy revealed an IUD penetrating the sigmoid wall, and multiple failed attempts were made to remove the IUD colonoscopically. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed that revealed an IUD perforating the uterus and entering the sigmoid. The IUD was manipulated free and removed, and a suture closed the sigmoid defect. The patient was discharged home on the first postoperative day without complication.

Conclusions:

The IUD is one of the most effective, safe, and economic contraceptive methods. Uterine perforation and intraperitoneal translocation is an unusual complication of an IUD. Perforation of hollow viscous is likely even less common. Confirmation of a “missing” IUD is mandatory if pregnancy occurs after IUD placement. Removal of a translocated IUD is recommended, and operative laparoscopy is the preferred method.     

单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿斜疝的探讨

目的：探讨单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿斜疝的疗效。方法2013年3-9月,单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿斜疝48例。术前诊断右侧嵌顿疝32例,左侧嵌顿疝16例。经脐切口置入trocar建立气腹,置入Z形腹腔镜,经探查孔置入无损伤钳,探查患侧疝内容物类型、嵌顿程度。腹腔镜下辅以体外手法复位将嵌顿疝复位,观察嵌顿脏器损伤情况。如嵌顿脏器无损伤,行腹腔镜下疝囊高位结扎术。探查对侧如存在隐匿疝则同时处理。结果48例均顺利完成单孔腹腔镜手术。术中探查合并对侧隐匿疝10例。嵌顿疝内容物36例为肠管,8例为卵巢,4例为网膜。手法协助复位均顺利还纳,镜下观察5 min,48例嵌顿脏器均血运良好。单侧疝（38例）手术时间10-18 min,平均15 min;双侧疝（10例）手术时间16-30 min,平均24 min。麻醉清醒后进食,疼痛均能耐受。术后10-15 h（平均12 h）出院。随访3-13个月,无切口感染,无阴囊水肿、血肿等并发症,无复发。结论单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿斜疝不破坏腹股沟管解剖结构,可高位结扎,直视下探查嵌顿疝内容物损伤情况,探查对侧有无隐匿疝。该技术安全、有效、微创,值得推广。     

Laparoscopic Assisted Cystectomy and Lymphadenectomy for Bladder Cancer: Initial Experience

This study discusses our initial experience in the field of laparoscopic management of bladder carcinoma. Ten patients with invasive bladder tumors of variable histology and ranging from stage T2 to T3b were submitted to this procedure. Intraoperative assessment, lateral dissection, posterior dissection, anterior dissection, and urethral transection were achieved laparoscopically. The specimen retrieval and continent pouch construction was performed through a limited abdominal incision. This new regimen allows precise radical lymphadenectomy, early postoperative mobility, fewer wound complications, and shorter hospital stay. The early postoperative results of this procedure are encouraging. Modification and continuous refinement of the technique is still ongoing.     

经腹腔镜结肠癌根治术28例

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术在结肠癌治疗中的安全性、有效性。方法：对30例患者行腹腔镜结肠癌根治术（腹腔镜组）,选取同期相同数量的开腹手术患者作为开放组。比较两组的手术时间、出血量、组织病理学、术后并发症及肠道功能恢复情况。结果：腹腔镜组2例中转开腹,组织病理学两组无统计学差异（淋巴结清扫数量P=0.903;远侧缘P=0.306;近侧缘P=0.899）,手术时间、出血量、术后住院天数、肠道功能恢复等,两组具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论：腹腔镜结肠癌手术创伤小,可达到开腹同样的根治切除效果,具有明显的近期临床疗效。     

Port Site Metastasis of Sigmoid Colon Cancer After a Laparoscopic Sigmoidectomy: Report of a Case

A 75-year-old woman with TNM stage I (T2, N0, M0) sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma underwent a laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy. Five months later, the patient developed two subcutaneous metastases at two trocar sites. A second operation was performed and two abdominal wall masses were resected, but the operation revealed no evidence of peritoneal dissemination, liver metastasis, or lymph node metastasis. The histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of the sigmoid colon. Large-scale studies have shown the actual rate of port site metastasis to be similar to that observed in open surgery, and therefore the rate is much lower than that initially reported in small studies. However, the metastatic mechanism has not yet been clarified. These results suggest that port site metastasis can be prevented as effectively as during open surgery by utilizing accurate operating skills based on the sound principles of tumor surgery. Therefore, it is very important that appropriate operating procedures and an effective training system are established. Received: April 19, 2002 / Accepted: September 3, 2002 Reprint requests to: O. Itano     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术(四)

4腹腔镜TME直肠前切除术及低位、超低位前切除术 4．1TME的概念 4．1．1直肠系膜的解剖学基础直肠系膜是近年来逐渐受到重视的解剖结构，是具有重要临床意义的新概念。直肠存在着完整的系膜，由腹膜及盆筋膜脏层包绕直肠周围的脂肪、血管、淋巴和神经组织形成。盆腔腹膜返折以上的直肠前方及部分侧面有腹膜覆盖，以下的直肠则无腹膜覆盖，     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术(一)

1我国腹腔镜结直肠癌手术现状与展望 1．1现状 提高结直肠癌患者的手术质量、术后生活质量及5年生存率，降低局部复发率，是结直肠外科医生始终不懈的追求目标。随着腹腔镜技术的广泛应用，腹腔镜下的结直肠外科手术在我国开始逐渐普及，这一创伤小、出血少、恢复快的微创术式也逐渐得到同道的认可和患者的欢迎。