Basaloid squamous carcinoma with a spindle cell component and osseous metaplasia presenting as a polyp of the hypopharynx

We report a case of basaloid squamous carcinoma with a spindle cell component of the hypopharynx, in a 61-years-old-man. An excisional biopsy of a pedonculated and polypoid tumour was performed by endoscopy. The histologic examination revealed a biphasic tumour with both a basaloid carcinomatous and a spindle cell component. Focally, osseous metaplasia was seen. The spindle cell component demonstrated immunoreactivity with the p63 epithelial marker. The patient was treated with chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. The patient has been free of disease for one year. It's the ninth case reported in the literature of a biphasic carcinoma with both a basaloid squamous and a spindle cell component and the first case with osseous metaplasia.     

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma occurring in the urinary bladder

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is a recently described, distinct variant of squamous cell carcinoma that arises predominantly in the upper aerodigestive tract. Herein we report a case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma arising in the urinary bladder. The patient was a 60-year-old woman who experienced intractable urinary tract infections following multiple corrective surgical procedures for incontinence. Biopsies of cystoscopically evident flat lesions were performed, and the patient subsequently underwent a radical cystectomy. Histologically, the lesions consisted of nests of basaloid cells with brisk mitotic activity, areas of squamous differentiation along with areas of squamous metaplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ. These features are similar to those of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma described elsewhere in the body. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the urinary bladder.     

含有鳞状细胞癌成分的乳腺化生性癌临床病理特征

目的探讨含有鳞状细胞癌成分的乳腺化生性癌(metaplastic carcinoma with squamous cell component,MCSC)的临床病理特征和免疫表型特点。方法复习20例MCSC的临床病理资料,总结其巨检、组织学、免疫表型和预后特点。结果本组肿瘤中纯鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)6例、腺鳞癌(adenosquamous carcinoma,ASC)13例、癌肉瘤1例。全组平均发病年龄52·4岁,多表现为无痛性乳腺肿块。SCC和ASC腋淋巴结转移率分别为60%和66·7%。巨检45%病例呈囊性。镜下角化型SCC2例、棘层松解型1例、角化与棘层松解混合型2例、角化与梭形细胞混合型1例。ASC中的SCC成分均为角化型,腺癌成分则为浸润性导管癌,仅1例混有少量黏液癌。1例癌肉瘤含有鳞癌、腺癌和软骨肉瘤成分。进行免疫组化染色病例的SCC成分均呈CK34βE12、CK5/6、CK14和p63阳性,ER、PR阴性。5例腺癌成分呈CK34βE12灶性阳性,各有1例腺癌成分灶性表达CK14和CK5/6。CK8阳性见于所有腺癌成分,仅1例SCC成分呈灶性阳性。SMA在本组肿瘤的腺鳞两种成分均呈阴性。结论MCSC以ASC最为常见,眼观呈囊性是其特点之一。SCC成分的组织学类型和分化程度存在不同程度变异。CK14、p63和CK8作为一种组合可能有助于SCC的鉴别诊断。规范诊断标准的大样本研究将会提供更有价值的临床病理资料。     

Anchoring fibrils in a spindle cell squamous carcinoma

To the best of our knowledge anchoring fibrils in tumours have been reported to occur only in cutaneous cylindromas and squamous cell carcinomas of oral mucosa and larynx. In this paper we describe a difficult-to-diagnose malignant spindle cell tumour where the striking feature was the presence of large numbers of anchoring plaques and anchoring fibrils in the tumour matrix. On the basis of light microscopic and immunohistochemical studies several diagnoses were preferred, such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma, neurofibrosarcoma, malignant schwannoma, desmoplastic melanoma and spindle cell squamous carcinoma (more fully referred to as 'spindle cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma'). The presence of anchoring fibrils in this tumour strongly supports the diagnosis of spindle cell squamous carcinoma. Our knowledge about the occurrence of anchoring fibrils in tumours is scant, perhaps because they are likely to be missed unless they are present in large numbers, or perhaps because they are mistaken for native collagen fibrils. It seems to us that a systematic search for anchoring fibrils in tumours is warranted, for knowledge about their occurrence or absence in various types of tumours may add yet another diagnostic marker in the armamentarium of the diagnostic electron microscopist and it may also assist in resolving the histogenesis of some controversial neoplasms.     

Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma with extensive squamous metaplasia and dysplasia

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of endometrium is a rare entity. Only 64 cases have been documented in the literature. We report a case of 60-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with abdominal distention and blood-stained vaginal discharge for 6-7 months. Clinically, chronic pyometra was considered. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed and histopathologically, it was diagnosed as a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of endometrium with extensive squamous metaplasia and dysplasia.     

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma arising in [corrected] the renal pelvis

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon and highly aggressive variant that can occur anywhere squamous cancers occur. It is most often seen in the head and neck, the perianal region, and the female genital tract. It is extremely rare in the urinary system. In this article, we report the first known case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma arising in the renal pelvis. Given the aggressive nature of this neoplasm, it should not be omitted from the differential diagnosis of neoplasms arising from the urothelium.     

Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus: a distinct neoplasm with multipotential differentiation

AIMS: Basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma, with its prevalent sites being the hypopharynx, tongue base and larynx. In the oesophagus, BSC is rarer than in the head and neck region. This study was aimed to document the clinicopathological features of BSCs of the oesophagus, and to present their relative incidence and immunohistochemical findings. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighteen cases of BSC of the oesophagus, comprising 3.6% of 502 oesophageal carcinomas, were reviewed for their pathological and clinical features, and examined for the immunohistochemical expression of neuroendocrine markers, cytokeratins, p53, pRb and bcl-2. Oesophageal basaloid squamous carcinomas tended to be biphasic or multiphasic carcinomas, most commonly with basaloid and squamous components (eight cases), or with additional adenocarcinoma (three cases) or with small cell carcinoma (two cases). Each component was microscopically clearly distinguishable from the others, and metastasized separately, chiefly the basaloid component. The remaining five cases were apparently pure basaloid carcinomas, being characterized by lobules and nests of monotonous round undifferentiated cells with frequent comedo necrosis. They resembled, but were differentiated from, the small cell carcinoma on the basis of neuroendocrine markers and cytokeratin expression. p53, pRb and bcl-2 oncoprotein, which are known to normally present in the basal/parabasal cells of the oesophageal epithelium, were detected in 40-50% of cases, with a heterogeneous expression pattern. The patients were all male, with the age ranging 47-74 years (median 57) and presented at variable stages. The plotted 3 years survival rate was 51%, and the immunohistochemical expression of p53, pRb and bcl-2 was not related to the survival of the patients. CONCLUSION: Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus is a peculiar neoplasm with a capacity of multidirectional differentiation, often with heterogeneous oncogene expression, probably reflecting the pluripotential stem cell origin.     

食管基底细胞样鳞状细胞癌：一种独特的临床病理类型

报道５例罕见的食管基底细胞样鳞状细胞癌。其病理特点为瘤组织以基底细胞佯癌组织为主要成分，并伴有鳞状细胞分化、粉刺状坏死和癌巢内基质玻璃样变。免疫组化显示，基底细胞样癌成分对４种上皮性抗体（高分子量角蛋白Ｋｅｒａｔｉｎ、低分子量角蛋白１０．１１、ＣＥＡ、ＥＭＡ）呈阴性或弱阳性反应，而对Ａｃｔｉｎ及Ｓ－１００部分强阳性。提示此癌分化不良并有向肌上皮等多向分化倾向。临床上此癌高度恶性，首次手术的病例已有区域淋巴结和肺转移。随访４例均死亡，术后存活期平均１２．５个月。     

Endometrioid carcinoma with a low-grade spindle cell component: a tumor resembling an adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin

Endometrioid carcinoma is known to have many histopathologic variants, which may cause diagnostic difficulty. One rare variant resembles Wolffian adnexal tumor (female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin). This pattern can produce a significant solid component within the tumor. Once the true endometrioid nature of the tumor is recognized, the tumor can appear deceptively high grade by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grading criteria, which take into account the percentage of the tumor showing solid growth. The English-language literature on this variant is scant, and its behavior is not well documented. We present a case of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma with a Wolffian adnexal tumor pattern that recurred 19 years after the original surgery; and the patient continues to remain well without evidence of disease 1 year following her second surgery, that is, 20 years of indolent behavior. This long clinical course shows evidence for low-grade behavior for this tumor.     

Histologically unique case of combined small cell and squamous cell carcinoma in a polypoid bronchial tumor

Presented herein is a case of combined small cell and squamous cell carcinoma in a polypoid bronchial tumor, showing a histologically unique progression, in a 76-year-old Japanese man. A bronchofiberscopic examination revealed that the bronchus (left B3) was occluded by the polypoid tumor. Biopsies were performed, and the pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The patient consequently underwent a left upper lung lobectomy. The surgical specimen was described as a 24 x 8 x 8 mm soft tumor, emanating from the bronchial wall (left B3). Histologically, the tumor had two distinct components: (i) nearly the entire tumor was composed of atypical small round cells, with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, in the lamina propria, under the basement membrane; and (ii) the surface of the tumor was composed of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that had proliferated primarily above the basement membrane but there was also some proliferation, seen as island-like formations, below the basement membrane. The histological diagnosis was combined small cell and squamous cell carcinoma. It was suspected that poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, generated in the bronchial epithelium, had caused small cell carcinoma resulting from neuroendocrine differentiation during its invasion into the lamina propria.     

Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the larynx. A potential diagnostic pitfall

Basaloid squamous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage with metastases. Histologically, it is identical to basaloid carcinoma at other anatomical sites. Some authors suggest that it may be associated with second primary tumors. Others implicate the Epstein-Barr and human papilloma viruses. All reports but one warn of its aggressive biological behavior. Our case concerns a 52-year-old man who had a small lesion in his right cord. Biopsy of the lesion was performed twice, and conventional squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed; the patient returned 2 months later with progressed metastatic disease. The patient underwent a laryngectomy and a complete clinical and immunohistochemical investigation. Basaloid squamous carcinoma is a totipotential neoplasm with a grave prognosis. It can be misdiagnosed; therefore, the authors would like to emphasize the significance of this condition in comparison to conventional squamous cell carcinoma, and we provide a review of the relevant recent literature.