The clinical application of proteomics

BACKGROUND: Proteomics is defined as a scientific approach used to elucidate all protein species within a cell or tissue, and many researchers are taking advantage of proteomic technology to elucidate protein changes between healthy and diseased states. METHODS: The application of proteomic techniques and strategies to the field of medicine is slowly transforming the way biomarker discovery is conducted. However, the complexity of serum is the source of both its promise to clinical applications and its challenge to proteomic analysis. Like any new technology when it is first introduced, proteomics has been touted with much hope and promise. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We provide a review of the clinical application of proteomics with the emphasis on current practical issues and challenges facing proteomic research.     

蛋白质组学在临床医学中的应用

简述生命科学研究中的两项重要内容:基因组学和蛋白质组学研究的历史现状:虽然基因组学的上游学科为蛋白质组学的发展奠定了基础,但蛋白质组学作为一门独立的学科,其方法学及相关技术在临床应用中有其独特的优势,同时也面临着很大的挑战。     

Breast cancer proteomics: clinical perspectives

Breast cancer is the one of leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women within economically developed regions of the world. A major focus of present research into this malignancy is the identification of new biomarkers and drug targets to improve detection and treatment. Proteomics represents one of the latest technological developments in this context. It aims to analyse the complex circuitry of the breast cancer proteome. Here, the authors review how breast cancer proteomics has progressed so far, with emphasis on its potential application to clinically relevant scenarios.     

The application of DIGE-based proteomics to renal physiology

Proteomics is seeing increasing use as a means of identifying new mechanistic hypotheses in physiology. Proteomics based on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) has recently been optimized with the development of Difference Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE). In DIGE-based proteomics, the experimental and control samples are derivatized with different fluorophores and are run in the same gel, thereby minimizing technical variation. DIGE is currently one of the few techniques to perform quantitative proteomics, generating a statistical output to differences in protein abundances. In this review, we discuss the principles of DIGE-based proteomics, including sample preparation, 2-DE, statistical analysis of 2D-gels, and mass spectrometry. Strengths and weaknesses of DIGE are discussed, including possible solutions to overcome certain limitations, such as the identification of low abundance and integral membrane proteins. In addition, we provide a brief synopsis of our recent experiments in which DIGE-based proteomics was applied to study vasopressin signaling in the renal collecting duct. Finally, we illustrate how quantification based on the DIGE approach combined with bioinformatics may facilitate the study of systems biology of the kidney.     

医用三氧临床应用基础及其在肝炎等疾病治疗中的初步实践

三氧(臭氧,O3)是由3个氧原子组成的,在空气中不稳定,常温常压下约45 min转化成氧气;具强氧化作用,能杀灭多种微生物;在工业、公共卫生、日常生活中广为应用。医用三氧是指臭氧在医学中的治疗应用,它要求三氧浓度必须是能够精确调控的。医用三氧是用医用纯氧通过三氧发生器产生的三氧与医用氧气的混合气体。医用三氧对我们来说还比较陌生。以下就医用三氧的基础研究及其在肝病等疾病防治中的作用与初步实践作一回顾。1医用三氧发展历史[1]1915年Wolff A用三氧局部应用治疗严重感染伤口;1932年外科医生Erwin Payr通过他的牙科医生Fisch EA…     

蛋白质组学在肺癌相关标志物挖掘中的应用

肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,其5年生存率仅为15％,但早期诊断出的肺癌患者5年生存率可达52％.缺乏早期诊断及有效治疗手段使得肺癌的死亡率很高.因此,寻找新的早期诊断和预后标志物为治疗打开新途径迫在眉睫.蛋白质组学技术具有足够的灵敏度,特异性和可重复性,它正成为肺癌生物标志物和治疗靶点研究的一个重要工具.本文就近年来肺癌的蛋白质组学研究进展包括肺癌的预防、早期诊断和治疗方法等进行综述.     

重视磁共振成像在肝病的临床应用

流行病学调查表明,我国约有1.3亿人为乙肝病毒携带者,几乎占全世界乙肝病毒携带者总数的二分之一,其中四分之一最终将发展成慢性肝炎、肝硬变或原发性肝癌.因此,肝病的早期预防和正确诊断是提高患者治疗效果和生活质量的关键.MRI的软组织分辨率高,能够对炎症、水肿、肿瘤病变进行定位、定性诊断,并可以检测人体代谢物的变化,这些新...     

前降钙素检测在新生儿感染性疾病诊断中的临床应用探讨

目的探讨血清前降钙素(PCT)在新生儿感染性疾病的临床应用价值。方法新生儿败血症组60例,局部感染组56例,非感染组60例,入院时进行PCT、C反应蛋白(CRP)和外周血白细胞计数(WBC)检查,其中败血症组和局部感染组在抗感染治疗一周后复查PTC,并将结果进行分析。结果入院时败血症组的血PTC和CRP的平均值明显高于局部感染组和非感染组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。入院时局部感染组血PTC和CRP的平均值明显高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。败血症组外周血WBC与局部感染组和非感染组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。局部感染组WBC和非感染组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PCT检测以2.5μg/L为临界点,对败血症的诊断敏感度是76.67%,特异度是80.17%;对所有感染的敏感度是54.31%,特异度是90.00%。CRP检测以8 mg/L为临界点,对败血症诊断的敏感度是55.00%,特异度是74.14%;对所有感染的敏感度是44.83%,特异度是81.67%。此外,败血症组和局部感染组在抗感染治疗一周后PTC都有明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论与CRP比较,PTC诊断败血症和所有感染的敏感度和特异度均更高。PCT可作为新生儿细菌感染的检测指标,特别是对新生儿败血症的早期诊断、治疗、疗效评价和预后判定很有意义。     

SELDI-TOF-MS proteomics of breast cancer.

The detection, diagnosis, and management of breast cancer rely on an integrated approach using clinical history, physical examination, imaging, and histopathology. The discovery and validation of novel biomarkers will aid the physician in more effectively achieving this integration. This review discusses efforts in surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI)-based proteomics to address various clinical questions surrounding breast cancer, including diagnosis, monitoring, and stratification for treatment. Emphasis is placed on examining how study design and execution influence the discovery and validation process, which is critical to the proper development of potential clinical tests.     

经皮穿刺骨水泥治疗椎体及椎外骨病变的临床应用探讨

目的:探讨经皮穿刺骨水泥(PMMA)治疗椎体及椎体外骨病变中不同粉液比例和不同用量的临床应用,并对椎体外骨病变的骨水泥成形术进行初步应用评价。方法:对37例,其中35例42个椎体病变行经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗,包括椎体溶骨性转移26例,血管瘤3例,骨质疏松5例,骨髓瘤1例,另外椎体外骨成形术2例,包括髂骨1例,股骨干1例。PMMA的粉液比例为1?押1~1?押4,用量为2~15ml。结果:42个椎体及2个椎外骨病变手术均成功,本组疼痛完全缓解22例,显著缓解12例,轻度缓解3例,无效0例。CT随访未见椎体塌陷加重或发生新的压缩骨折,椎体外骨亦未见骨折,无严重并发症发生。结论:根据不同情况决定PMMA的粉液比例和用量至关重要,椎体外骨病变也适用于骨水泥治疗。     

尿蛋白电泳在儿童肾脏疾病中的临床应用

目的　对尿液中各种蛋白质进行分离 ,用于区分尿蛋白类型。方法　应用十二烷基磺酸钠 琼脂糖凝胶(SDS AGE)对 36例儿童肾脏疾病患者新鲜晨尿进行分析。结果　根据尿蛋白电泳图谱 ,可区分为部分选择性肾小球性、选择性肾小球性、混合性蛋白尿。 36例病例中混合性蛋白尿 5例 ,其中 3例以肾小球性为主。 2 5例为部分选择性肾小球性蛋白尿。 6例为选择性肾小球性蛋白尿。结论　本法具有检测敏感性好 ,操作简便 ,省时 ,经扫描可获半定量结果 ,且胶片易于保存、便于比较等优点。     

Introduction to proteomics.

Technological advances in the field of genomics have given rise to the development of a new area called proteomics. Proteomics involves the analysis of all proteins expressed in a genome and uses a combination of sophisticated technologies such as two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics to identify and characterize proteins. This new area offers the potential to discover new biomarkers, improve diagnosis, and improve the prognosis of disease processes. This article presents an overview of proteomics importance and related technologies.     

Serum thyroglobulin in thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases]

The authors have used radioimmunoassay to measure blood serum thyroglobulin (TG) in 257 patients with benign processes and 118 ones with carcinoma of the thyroid and came to a conclusion that this method is unfit for the differential diagnosis between these conditions. Serum TG level is in good correlation with the results of treatment of thyroid carcinoma patients: in radically treated ones blood serum TG level reduces to the norm, and when recurrences or metastases develop it significantly increases. Therefore, radioimmunoassay is recommended for early detection of thyroid carcinoma recurrences and metastases in follow-up of patients with this condition.     

Development of the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire to assess pain in cancer and other diseases

This paper reports the development of a self-report instrument designed to assess pain in cancer and other diseases. It is argued that issues of reliability and validity should be considered for every pain questionnaire. Most research on measures of pain examine reliability to the relative neglect of validity concerns. The Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire (BPQ) is evaluated with regard to both reliability and validity. Data from patients with cancer at 4 primary sites and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggest that the BPQ is sufficiently reliable and valid for research purposes. Additional methodological and theoretical issues related to validity are discussed, and the need for continuing evaluation of the BPQ and other measures of clinical pain is stressed.     

抗核抗体谱在自身免疫性疾病中的临床应用

目的 探讨抗核抗体谱在自身免疫病中的应用价值.方法 ANA 检测采用间接免疫荧光法,ENA多肽抗体谱用免疫印迹法.结果 729例患者中,有58例自身免疫病患者,其中SLE 31例,混合性结缔组织病12例,干燥综合征13例,硬皮病和皮肌炎各1例.所有自身免疫病患者的ANA均为阳性,但SLE患者的ENA抗体谱中可显示抗nRNP、抗Sm、抗SSA、抗SSB、抗dsDNA等抗体阳性;而干燥综合征患者仅抗SSA或抗SSB抗体阳性;皮肌炎患者仅显示抗Jo-1抗体阳性;硬皮病患者仪显示抗Scl-70抗体阳性.结论 ENA抗体谱对种自身免疫病的诊断具有重要意义.     

Her-2在乳腺癌中的表达及临床应用

乳腺癌作为女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,近几年发病率在全世界范围内呈明显上升趋势.近年来研究发现细胞癌基因Her-2在乳腺癌的发生、发展、治疗和预后中起重要的作.原癌基因Her-2在乳腺癌中表达为10%-34%.在原发性乳腺癌中,Her-2基因扩增率一般在20%～30%,基因扩增的拷贝数越高,复发越早,存活时间越短.有研究表明,Her-2表达与乳腺癌分级、淋巴结转移、临床分期呈正相关,表达率越高,预后越差.且随着Her-2基因在临床的广泛应用,其检测方法越来越成熟且越来越准确.因此针对Her-2基因治疗、基因疫苗等技术的探索为乳腺癌的治疗提供了新的思路.