院前应用替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的临床效果分析

目的观察院前应用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂国产盐酸替罗非班在ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)接受介入治疗患者的疗效及安全性。方法入选300例接受介入治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者,随机分为院前替罗非班组(试验组)和对照组,比较两组基础临床情况、30 d期间不良心血管事件、TIMI血流分级,心肌梗死后30 d左室射血分数、出血事件、血小板计数及血小板聚集,死亡率。结果两组基础临床情况、出血事件、血小板计数差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。替罗非班组死亡数、病死率和血小板集聚率显著低于对照组(P0.05);心肌梗死后30 d左室射血分数较对照组有所提高,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论院前应用国产盐酸替罗非班能显著减少介入治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者不良心血管事件,改善心肌梗死后左室射血功能,明显降低血小板集聚率,且不增加出血风险。     

国产盐酸替罗非班对ST段抬高型心肌梗死非介入治疗患者预后的影响

目的研究国产盐酸替罗非班对ST段抬高型心肌梗死非介入治疗患者左心室射血功能的影响。方法100例ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者,均采用非介入治疗方案,根据入院编号随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各50例,观察组给予替罗非班治疗,对照组则不应用替罗非班,比较两组患者的不良心血管事件发生率、硝酸甘油用量、血小板变化、出血事件以及心肌梗死后30天的左心室射血分数。结果两组患者的出血事件、血小板变化比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的不良心血管事件发生率及硝酸甘油用量与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);30天后比较左心室射血分数,观察组虽然略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论国产盐酸替罗非班用于非介入治疗方案的ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者,能够减少不良心血管事件的发生率及硝酸甘油用量,且安全性较好,但对患者左心室功能影响不明显,仍有待进一步研究。     

不同剂量盐酸替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死非介入治疗患者的疗效

目的 观察不同剂量血小板膜糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂国产盐酸替罗非班(欣维宁)在ST段抬高型心肌梗死非介入治疗患者中的应用疗效及安全性.方法 我院2005年8月至2009年4月133例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死非介入治疗的患者,随机分为3组,A组不给予欣维宁治疗,B组欣维宁持续静脉泵入24 h,C组欣维宁持续静脉泵入48 h.结果 3组基础临床情况、出血事件、血小板计数差异均无显著性(P ＞0.05).与A组相比,B组、C组患者心绞痛、再梗死、死亡发生率和血小板集聚率显著降低(P＜0.05);硝酸甘油日用量明显减少(P＜0.01);心肌梗死后30 d左室射血分数有所提高,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05);C组与B组比较,心绞痛、再梗死、死亡发生率和血小板集聚率亦降低(P＜0.05);硝酸甘油日用量有所减少(P＜0.01).结论 急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死非介入治疗患者在标准治疗基础上应用欣维宁能显著减少梗死后不良心血管事件和硝酸甘油日用量,改善心肌梗死后左室射血功能,明显降低血小板集聚率,而48 h组更优于24 h组,且均不增加出血风险.     

替罗非班在药物治疗非ST段抬高型心肌梗死中的疗效及安全性观察

对未进行介入治疗的急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者,在同时应用抗血小板和抗凝治疗的情况下应用替罗非班治疗,观察其临床疗效和安全性.发现在用药后30 d内,替罗非班组与对照组比较,发生心血管事件的几率显著降低;用药后48 h替罗非班组ST段下降幅度和T波倒置幅度平均值的降幅显著高于对照组.认为在未接受介入治疗的急性NSTEMI患者中联合应用替罗非班、阿司匹林、波立维和克赛可有效降低心血管事件的发生率和改善心肌供血,同时没有增加出血或血小板减少症等并发症.     

早期应用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的有效性及安全性分析

目的评价在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中早期应用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班的有效性和安全性。方法将80例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为替罗非班组（替罗非班＋直接PCI,40例）和对照组（直接PCI,40例）。比较两组患者梗死相关动脉PCI后即刻TIMI血流、术后90min心电图ST段回落百分比、术后7d左室射血分数、术后30d内主要不良心脏事件（心绞痛、心肌梗死、死亡）、出血和血小板减少的发生率。结果替罗非班组PCI后慢复流发生率及主要不良心脏事件的发生率均低于对照组（P〈0．05）,出血并发症的发生与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论早期应用替罗非班能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI后梗死相关血管的TIMI血流,减少PCI后主要不良心脏事件的发生率,临床应用安全有效。     

替罗非班对急性心肌梗死急诊冠状动脉介入治疗冠状动脉血流和微循环的影响

目的分析应用替罗非班对ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者急诊行冠状动脉介入治疗冠状动脉血流和微循环的影响。方法ST段抬高性心肌梗死行直接冠状动脉介入治疗患者58例,随机分为替罗非班组(n=30)和对照组(n=28)。比较两组患者临床基础情况、冠状动脉介入治疗前梗死相关血管开通率、手术前后心肌梗死溶栓治疗血流情况、心电图ST段回落、术后内皮细胞凋亡数及凝血状态、住院期间出血事件、主要心脏不良事件发生率和出院前左心室射血分数等。结果替罗非班组使术前TIMI血流分级达到1级血流比例明显高于对照组(P<0.05),2级及3级血流两组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05),同时在对照组血流完全闭塞率高于替罗非班组(P<0.01),术中无复流现象、再灌注心律失常、内皮细胞凋亡数及凝血因子在替罗非班组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),再通后90min心电图相关导联ST段回落值替罗非班组明显大于对照组(P<0.05),出院前左心室射血分数、两组患者主要心脏不良事件发生率和住院期间主要出血事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论替罗非班对急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死急诊行介入治疗可改善术前梗死相关血管TIMI血流情况,使介入手术顺利更好进行,争取更多时间避免较多的心肌细胞永久性坏死,改善心肌微循环障碍,减少无复流现象。     

国产替罗非班在急性冠状动脉综合征介入治疗中的安全性及有效性

目的:评估国产替罗非班用于急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时的安全性及有效性。方法:已确诊的ACS患者PCI术前随机分为替罗非班组和对照组,替罗非班组PCI术前静脉应用替罗非班。观察2组30d发生的复合终点事件、术后出血事件及血小板情况。结果:给药后30d内心肌梗死、急性冠状动脉血运再重建等复合终点事件的发生率2组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但病死率替罗非班组有下降趋势(3.85%∶11.54%)。血小板减少、出血事件发生率2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),无严重出血。结论:国产替罗非班可安全用于ACS的介入治疗中,且可能降低30d病死率。     

急诊冠脉介入治疗(PCI)方法学改进的临床应用与研究

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行急诊冠脉介入治疗(PCI)时,冠脉内注射替罗非班的有效性和安全性[1]。方法选取2014年1月~2015年12月我院收治的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者30例作为研究对象,随机分为替罗非班组和对照组,各15例。比较两组梗死相关血管开通后TIMI血流分级,观察术后主要心血管事件、左室射血分数、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血小板计数及出血事件发生率。结果替罗非班组梗死相关血管TIMI血流3级率为92.5%,高于对照组(P0.05)。术后心肌损伤标志物、主要不良心脏事件明显低于对照组(P0.05)。3组间出血并发症、血小板减少症、再发心绞痛、心肌梗死、活化凝血酶原时间及血小板计数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。替罗非班不增加患者致命性出血风险。结论替罗非班在STEMI急诊PCI中是安全有效的,可提高心肌微血管水平的灌注,改善患者的临床预后。     

国产替罗非班对中国人群急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入治疗系统评价

目的：评价国产替罗非班在治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死介入治疗中的有效性及安全性。方法：计算机检索至2011年6月Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验资料库（CCTR）、Pubmed、Embase、万方数据库、中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、维普数据库（VIP）,收集国产替罗非班治疗心肌梗死介入治疗的随机对照试验（RCT）,共纳入21项文献,2332例患者,其中替罗非班组1149例,常规治疗对照组1183例。使用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果：替罗非班治疗（1）ST段抬高心肌梗死的疗效：显著优于常规治疗对照组[OR=2.47,95%CI（1.81,3.37）,P〈0.00001];（2）住院期间24h,30d后复合终点心血管事件的发生：显著低于常规治疗对照组[OR=0.24,95%CI（0.16,0.35）,OR=0.22,95%CI（0.15,0.32）,P均〈0.00001];（3）出血发生率：显著高于常规治疗对照组[OR=1.77,95%CI（1.30,2.43）,P=0.0003],但无严重出血病例及血小板减少症。结论：现有临床研究证据显示：国产替罗非班对中国人群急性ST段抬高心肌梗死介入治疗疗效显著,且不良反应发生率较低。     

替罗非班在急性心肌梗死介入治疗中的疗效及安全性

目的观察替罗非班在急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的有效性及安全性。方法选择2011年5月~2014年5月我院接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者180例作为研究对象,随机分为替罗非班组和对照组,各90例。比较两组患者术后7天心电图ST段回落情况、左室射血分数、术后梗死相关血管开通后血流TIMI分级、术后30天内出血并发症及主要不良心脏事件的发生情况。结果术后7天内心电图ST段回落情况,替罗非班组所占比例高于对照组、替罗非班组TIMI血流3级高于对照组、替罗非班组左室射血分数高于对照组、30天内主要不良心脏事件的发生率替罗非班组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而两组术后30天内出血并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在急性STEMI介入治疗中,盐酸替罗非班的应用,能明显改善心肌再灌注、改善梗死相关血管的TIMI血流、提高心脏射血分数而改善心脏功能、减少心脏不良事件的发生,且不增加临床出血风险,临床应用价值高。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.