髓外浆细胞瘤的影像学表现

目的探讨不同部位髓外浆细胞瘤的CT和MRI（磁共振成像）表现,提高对该病影像学认识。方法回顾性分析5例经组织学病理证实髓外浆细胞瘤的影像学资料。结果髓外浆细胞瘤的影像学较特征性表现如下：软组织肿块影,内密度均匀,CT呈等密度,MRI上,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI上呈等或稍高信号;病变较大时肿块内部或周边可见迂曲走向的血管影;增强扫描呈中等-明显强化;临近骨质可受侵犯,但无骨质硬化改变。结论髓外浆细胞瘤具有一定的影像学特点,CT和MRI影像学检查方法能够对其诊断、治疗及随访提供更全面的信息。     

Value of fetal MRI in the prenatal diagnosis of renal polycystic disease: a case report

We present a case of foetal polycystic kidney disease diagnosed at 34 weeks of gesttion thanks to resonance imaging (MRI). MRI demonstrated enlarged foetal kidneys that were low signal intensity on T1 weighted images and high signal intensity on T2 weighted images. These MRI findings suggested a high water containing of the renal parenchyma.     

MRI findings of muscular sarcoidosis

MRI characteristics of number lesions were studied in eight patients with sarcoidosis proved by Ga scintigraphy. T2 weighted image in spin echo method and low flip angle method were employed. The localization of lesion detected by Ga scintigraphy was quite similar to that of lesions found by MRI, but lesions were more clearly detectable in MRI than Ga. MRI could identify anatomical localization of muscular lesions. Two characteristic MRI findings were observed; one was high intensity in the whole lesion, and another was high intensity in periphery with low intensity in central lesion. MRI is a useful tool for more accurate diagnosis of muscular lesions in sarcoidosis.     

MRI imaging of liver neoplasma

MRI by 1.5 T imager with spin echo pulse sequence was performed on 53 liver neoplasms (13 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), 28 cavernous hemangiomas and 12 metastasis). Lobulated and notched contour were observed in 72% of our cases of hemangioma. It is well known that in hemangioma several kinds of echographic patterns appear, but in MRI, almost all hemangioma appear to show the same signal pattern as high intensity homogeneous on T2 weighted image. No liver neoplasma showed high intensity on T1 image except in 1/3 of cases of HCC. Contrast enhancement with Gd-DTPA is useful for differential diagnosis of liver neoplasma because it shows different signal patterns from the other diseases.     

四肢软组织肿瘤MRI影像特征分析

目的:探讨四肢软组织肿瘤的MRI特征,以提高诊断准确性.方法:收集经病理证实的四肢软组织肿块38例,分析其MRI征象.结果:38例软组织肿块包括良性肿块31例,恶性肿块7例.除脂肪瘤、脂肪肉瘤及血肿机化在T1WI、T2WI上表现为高信号外,其余肿块T1WI多为等或低信号,T2WI多为高信号或以高信号为主的混杂信号.良性组一般边界清楚,部分病变具有特征性MRI征象.恶性组体积较大,信号不均匀,其中6例邻近组织受侵.结论:MRI能清楚地显示肿瘤的范围、信号特征及与周围组织的关系.某些特征性MRI征象对软组织肿块的正确诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要意义.     

颅脑磁共振T1WI高信号病变影像诊断

目的：探讨颅脑MRI T1WI高信号病变影像表现,结合文献讨论其发生机制和病理改变。方法：回顾性分析63例颅脑MRI TIWI高信号病变的影像表现,包括脑出血、黑色素瘤、糖尿病脑病、缺血缺氧性脑病、亚急性期脑梗死、颅内囊肿及脂肪瘤。结果：脑出血T1WI以高信号为主,T2WI呈低或高信号,磁敏感加权成像（SWI）呈低信号;黑色素瘤T1WI呈高信号,T2WI呈等或低信号,无灶周水肿;糖尿病脑病可见双侧或单侧基底节区T1WI高信号,T2WI信号正常或轻度降低。脑缺血缺氧性疾病高信号主要位于侧脑室旁白质,弥散加权成像（DWI）呈高信号。亚急性期脑梗死高信号主要位于脑灰质,呈片状或脑回样高信号;颅内囊肿主要见于脑室内和鞍区,T1WI以高信号为主,T2WI呈高或/和低信号。脂肪瘤位于大脑镰旁,压脂像呈低信号。结论：含正铁血红蛋白、黑色素、脂质、蛋白及矿物质病变在T1WI上可呈高信号,熟悉这些病变化学组成及其对T1时间的影响有助于鉴别诊断。     

MRI of pheochromocytoma

MRI features of 8 patients were reviewed and correlated with pathological findings. It was characteristic finding that the intensity of pheochromocytoma on T2-weighted image and proton image was very high. The detectability of pheochromocytoma by MRI and CT was almost equal and MRI was also useful for determining aberrant pheochromocytoma. MRI was more helpful for detection of necrotic lesion than CT. We considered that the double ring sign on MRI was characteristic for pheochromocytoma. In the cases which are difficult for diagnosis, other diagnostic studies such as endocrine and other imaging studies are necessary.     

MRI of lymphedema using short-TI-IR (STIR)

Thirty four cases with lymphedema of the extremities were examined with MRI at 0.5 tesla. On T1-weighted image, the enlarged subcutaneous tissue and the subcutaneous trabecular structures were seen in all cases. Moreover, the trabecular structures in the enlarged subcutaneous tissue showed low signal intensity on T1-weighted image and high signal intensity on T2-weighted image in all cases. Additionally, in 12 of 15 cases examined by Short-TI-IR (STIR) image, the trabecular structures and fluid collections in the subcutaneous tissue were shown more definitely in high signal intensity than by T2-weighted image. We consider MRI using STIR is to be useful in the evaluation of edematous disease.     

术前MRI预测垂体腺瘤质地的临床研究

目的探讨通过术前磁共振信号强度判断垂体腺瘤质地的可能性。方法58例经手术和病理确诊的垂体腺瘤根据手术中肿瘤的质地分为2组：质软组（44例）,质韧组（14例）,所有病例术前均行磁共振扫描,测量TIWI及T2WI肿瘤信号与脑白质信号的比值和强化前后肿瘤TIWI信号强度比值,与其术中所见腺瘤质地相对照,结果进行统计学分析。结果质地软44例,T2WI瘤体／白质信号强度比均值2．20;质地韧14例,T2WI瘤体／白质信号强度比均值1．41。两组之间NT2WI瘤体／白质信号强度比有显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论术前MRI可以预测垂体腺瘤的质地,以LT2WI瘤体／白质作预测指标较准确,T2WI瘤体／白质小于1．9者提示垂体腺瘤质地较韧。     

足底筋膜损伤的MRI诊断

目的评价足底筋膜损伤的MRI诊断价值。方法回顾性分析11例经手术病理和临床随访证实足底筋膜损伤患者的MRI与I临床资料,总结MRI表现特征。结果足底筋膜损伤的MRI表现有4种类型,（1）急性筋膜炎：T2WI、Stir足底筋膜内斑片状高信号,筋膜周围软性组织呈高信号改变。（2）慢性筋膜炎：T1wI足底筋膜呈纺锤形增厚,信号增高,筋膜附着部跟骨见骨性突起或局灶性皮质缺损。（3）筋膜完全断裂：T1WI、T2WI、Stir筋膜连续性中断,断裂部位呈高信号改变。（4）筋膜部份断裂：T1WI、T2WI、Stir筋膜连续性部份中断,断裂部分增厚,呈高信号改变。结论MR是诊断足底筋膜损伤的最好检查方法。     

Cerebellar infarction; the findings of CT, MRI and cerebral angiography

The findings of CT, MRI and cerebral angiography were analysed in 18 cases with cerebellar infarction, of which 10 were men and 8 women. The areas of infarction were as follows; PICA in 9 cases, SCA in 8 cases, AICA and diffuse type in one case each. One case had two lesions. CT showed low density areas in 15 cases after 24 hours of the onset, but an abnormality was not demonstrated in one case which had an infarction of PICA area. MRI showed a high-intensity lesion on T2 weighted image during the first and tenth day after the onset, while a low-intensity lesion on T1 weighted image and high-intensity lesion on T2 weighted image were demonstrated after seventh day. MRI revealed the area of infarction better than CT. Vertebral angiography and DSA showed narrowing or poor visualization of the cerebellar arteries in 5 cases but this finding was not shown in 3 cases which were examined by IVDSA.     

3.0T多参数MRI鉴别诊断子宫肉瘤与不典型子宫肌瘤的价值分析

目的探讨3.0T多参数MRI鉴别诊断子宫肉瘤与不典型子宫肌瘤的价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的子宫肉瘤患者16例(10例内膜间质肉瘤、3例平滑肌肉瘤、3例恶性潜能未定平滑肌肿瘤)与不典型子宫肌瘤患者20例的MR图像,所有统计资料的差异性采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney非参数检验。结果子宫肉瘤与不典型子宫肌瘤的肿瘤边缘、T2WI SI比值、早期强化率、DWI信号强度及ADC值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肿瘤边缘、T2WI SI比值、早期强化率及ADC值是子宫肉瘤与不典型子宫肌瘤鉴别诊断的重要MRI表现。     

1,2-二氯乙烷慢性中毒性脑病的磁共振成像分析

目的 回顾分析10例1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCE)慢性中毒性脑病的磁共振成像(MRI)影像学特征.方法 采用MRI对头部进行扫描,层厚8 mm,层距2 mm,行轴位及冠状位扫描,T1WI,T2WI,FLAIR成像.结果 10例病例脑白质均表现不同程度异常信号,T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,FLAIR高信号.临床中毒表现为轻、中度时,MRI表现为广泛的脑自质异常信号、呈现症状与表现不一致.结论 1,2-DCE中毒性脑病均表现为脑白质不同程度信号改变,结合职业接触史具有特征性.

Abstract：

Objective To study the MRI features of 1,2-dichloroethane Chronic Toxic Encephalopathy of 10 cases. Method 10 cases were examined by MRI, slice thickness 8mm, layer from 2mm, axial and coronal line scan, T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR imaging. Results 10 cases show varying degrees of abnormal signal of white matters,low signal intensity on T1WI, high signal intensity on T2WI and FLAIR. MRI could also show extensive abnormal signal in cerebral white matter although the toxic manifestation is mild to moderate. Therefore the syptoms and the shows of MRI could be inconsistent. Conclusion Combined with a history of exposure, the show of varying degrees of abnormal signal of white matter in 1,2-dichroroethane Chronic Toxic Encephalopathy cases are characteristic.     

肩关节磁共振扫描技术的研究

目的:探讨肩关节磁共振扫描技术、扫描参数。方法:30例肩关节患者行磁共振检查,扫描序列包括横轴位、冠状位T2WI、T1WI及矢状位T2WI,所有T2WI采用质子加权加脂肪抑制(PDW-FS)。结果:所有图像质量较高,特别是质子加权加脂肪抑制图像,对关节软骨、骨髓内信号改变,关节囊、软骨面下病变、周围软组织及肌肉内病变等显示清楚。结论:磁共振扫描参数的优化组合和脂肪抑制技术的应用有助于显示正常肩关节解剖结构及病变的定位,有助于临床诊断。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的MRI诊断与病理分析

目的分析卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的MRI特征。方法回顾性分析26例共31个卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿,全部病例均经手术及病理证实。结果手术及病理对照,经MRI诊断的卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿中,有27个符合,4个不符合。在27个符合病例中,T1WI和T2WI均呈高信号者13个,T1WI呈高信号而T2WI呈等或低信号者7个,T1WI、T2WI均呈混杂信号7个。其中边缘毛糙、与周围组织分界不清17个,部分不清7个,边界清楚3个。结论①卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的MRI表现为:卵巢巧克力囊肿在MRI表现为T1WI、T2WI均为高信号或混杂信号,以中、高信号为主。②卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的MRI信号特点与其内部病理成份密切相关。     

椎管内神经鞘瘤的MRI表现及其病理学基础

目的:分析椎管内神经鞘瘤的MRI表现和病理学基础,探讨肿瘤的MRI特点与病理学相关性.方法:选择44例经手术病理证实的椎管内神经鞘瘤.观察肿瘤的形态、边界、MRI信号特征,强化程度及与周围脊髓的关系以及病理学表现.结果:椎管内神经鞘瘤多位于髓外硬膜下,呈圆形、类圆形,部分骑跨硬膜内外,呈哑铃形.T1WI多为等信号或稍低信号,T2WI多表现为高信号.信号多数均匀,部分囊变者信号不均匀.强化后形式多变,依据肿瘤是实体型、囊变型或混合型而分别表现为均匀强化、环形强化或不均匀强化.结论:根据椎管内神经鞘瘤的MRI表现及强化特点,可准确定位并推测其病理类型,做出明确诊断.     

胆固醇腹膜炎1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨胆固醇腹膜炎的临床-MRI诊断。方法：回顾1例胆固醇腹膜炎MRI表现,并联系临床-病理所见和文献资料对其进行总结。结果：右上腹腔肿块MRI平扫显示包膜在所有序列上均为低信号,包膜内T1WI为均匀较高信号,T2WI、FS、DWI显示肿块的远地部分呈高信号,近地部分呈中低信号。增强扫描仅见包膜强化。结论：在T2WI、FS、DWI上,囊性肿块内物质出现与重力相关的信号分层现象,对胆固醇腹膜炎的诊断可能有重要价值。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of acoustic neuroma

Thirteen patients with acoustic neuroma were studied on a 1.5 T superconductive magnetic resonance (MR) imager. Acoustic neuromas appeared as lower signal intensity than the surrounding brain stem on T1 weighted image (W.I.), and as higher signal intensity on T2 W.I.. Axial and coronal sections of T1 W.I. were very useful in observing the tumor in the auditory canal and in investigating the anatomical relations of the tumor and the surrounding structures. MR imaging is very excellent examination to make early diagnosis of the acoustic neuroma and preoperative anatomical evaluation.     

磁共振在肾癌患者诊断中的影像学特点及应用价值

目的探讨磁共振(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)在肾癌患者诊断中的影像学特点及应用价值。方法回顾性分析深圳市龙华区人民医院收治的50例肾癌患者的临床资料,分别予以其MRI检查和动态增强扫描,依次执行T1加权像(T1 weighted image,T1WI)、T2WI检查序列。总结MRI在肾癌患者诊断中的影像学特点。结果存在18例T1WI均匀等信号患者,27例混杂信号患者,5例均匀低信号患者;存在20例T2WI均匀略高信号,5例明显高信号患者,25例以高信号为主的混杂信号患者;11例假包膜者;14例肾周侵犯、16例肾窦侵犯及3例肾静脉癌栓,13例腹膜后或肾门淋巴结肿大患者。经造影剂行MRI增强扫描,存在非均匀强化患者22例,病灶均匀强化患者18例,以内壁不规则为主要表现的环状强化6例。结论MRI在肾癌患者诊断中具有明显的影像学特点,可结合临床评估患者的预后。     

Difference between T1 and T2 weighted MR images in avascular necrosis of the femoral head

T1 and T2 weighted MR images were compared in 32 hips with avascular necrosis, and the difference between them was discussed. In 27 of 32 hips, abnormal low intensity area in the affected femoral head is smaller in T2 weighted images than in T1 weighted images. The area of low intensity on T1 weighted image and high on T2 weighted image might be granuloma in reactive tissue and surrounding hyperemia. The difference between T1 and T2 weighted images must be taken into consideration especially in determination of the border of affected bone.