脉搏血氧仪的检测研究

血氧饱和度是人体的一项重要生理参数,得到了广泛的临床应用。脉搏血氧饱和度理论的建立,使得电子工程学与医学生理学相结合的无创血氧饱和度仪得以实现,而血氧饱和度仪的测量校准问题也就受到人们的关注。本文从血氧饱和度仪的工作原理入手,介绍血氧饱和度仪的检测,以及检测仪的基本使用。     

脉搏血氧饱和度仪的质量保证

本文简述了脉搏血氧饱和度仪的基本原理,质量控制和计量性能技术要求,对校准项目和校准方法进行了探索,以及测量结果不确定度评定与分析,说明脉搏血氧饱和度仪的技术性能和稳定性是非常重要的。     

脉搏血氧仪校准装置的研制

所述脉搏血氧仪校准装置,它能产生一个与被检脉搏血氧仪传感器类型相对应的标准血氧测试信号,包括脉率、脉冲幅度和血氧饱和度。将这一信号输入到被检脉搏血氧仪中进行测量,判断其工作状态是否正常。     

人体血氧饱和度监测方法的研究

血氧饱和度是人体的重要参数,临床上许多场合都要对血氧饱和度进行检测,其中通过无创的方法对血氧饱和度进行检测能够为医生的临床行为提供快速、直接、有效的操作依据.其中透射式血氧饱和度监测技术已经成为较成熟的监护手段,但由于传感器使用范围的限制,在某些场合需要使用反射式血氧仪对血氧饱和度进行检测.本文对现有几种血氧饱和度的测量方法进行了讨论,重点对脉搏式血氧饱和度的测量原理进行了详细地分析,并对反射式血氧饱和度测量仪的研制进行了简单地探讨.     

脉搏血氧饱和度测量精度的影响因素分析

血氧饱和度的检测能够为医生的临床行为提供快速、直接、有效的操作依据,脉搏血氧仪因其能够实现无创和实时连续地对该参数进行检测,而在临床上得到了广泛应用,但是目前市场上的脉搏血氧仪的测量精度有待进一步提高。本综述从血氧饱和度参数测量的理论基础和技术基础出发,深入探讨了影响血氧饱和度测量精度的各项影响因素,为指端脉搏血氧计的性能改进提供了重要的参考价值。     

无创伤脉搏血氧饱和度测量技术及进展

介绍了无创伤脉搏血氧饱和度测量技术的发展概况和测量原理，概述了基于郎伯-比尔定律原理和光散射理论为基础的测量血氧饱和度的分光光度法，重点介绍了反射式血氧饱和度仪测量技术的进展，评价了血氧饱和度在临床上的应用并对脉搏血氧仪的局限性和发展前景进行了分析。     

脉搏血氧饱和度监测技术的研究进展

本文介绍了无创伤脉搏血氧饱和度监测技术的发展概况和测量原理，概述了基于郎伯——比尔定律（The Lambert—Beer Law）原理为基础的测量血氧饱和度的分光光度法及新技术的进展，评价了血氧饱和度在临床上的应用并对脉搏血氧仪的发展前景进行了分析。     

子宫切除术中硬膜外阻滞辅助不同药物对SPO_2的影响

我院自1995年10月份开始采用脉搏血氧饱和度仪连续监测168例子宫切除术患者,硬膜外阻滞下辅助不同药物对SPO2(脉搏搏动性血氧饱和度)的影响,现报告如下.     

血氧饱和度的测量方法与临床应用

文章论述了血氧饱和度测量方法的原理及这一技术今后的发展方向。介绍了脉搏血氧仪的构成,传感器的种类和临床应用范畴。     

脉搏血氧仪在重症监护中的应用观察

随着医疗技术的不断提高,新型电子医疗设备的广泛应用,脉搏血氧仪已普遍应用于各级医院的麻醉、重症监护病房之中,在当今医疗救治的过程中,血氧饱和度监测是非常重要的,因为它是血氧测定的重要部分,血氧饱和度监测是患者整个检测数据的重要环节,脉搏血氧饱和度监测仪(以下简称脉氧仪)是以分光光度测量法对每次动脉血搏动至手指、脚趾端的血红蛋白进行光学容积测定,然后通过单片微型计算机控制自动监测血液中氧含量,间接地了解病人的循环及呼吸系统的功能,对患者的病情以及病情的发展做出科学的诊断。它具有无创、简便、安全、迅速、准确、病人易于接受等特点,在重症监护中占有重要地位。重症监护病房中护士如何能够正确地使用脉氧监护仪,并正确评估其结果,充分发挥其在重症监护中的作用,对及时挽救危重病人的生命和提高重症监护的护理质量是非常重要的。     

Evaluation of a New Smartphone Powered Low-cost Pulse Oximeter Device

BackgroundMeasurement of blood oxygen saturation is a vital part of monitoring coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Pulse oximetry is commonly used to measure blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate for appropriate clinical intervention. But the majority of direct-to-consumer grade pulse oximeters did not pass through in-vivo testing, which results in their accuracy being questionable. Besides this, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic exposed the limitations of the device in resource limited areas since independent monitoring is needed for COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this study was to perform an in-vivo evaluation of a newly developed smartphone powered low-cost pulse oximeter.MethodsThe new prototype of a smartphone powered pulse oximeter was evaluated against the standard pulse oximeter by taking measurements from fifteen healthy volunteers. The accuracy of measurement was evaluated by calculating the percentage error and standard deviation. A repeatability and reproducibility test were carried out using the ANOVA method.ResultsThe average accuracy for measuring spot oxygen saturation (SPO2) and pulse rate (PR) was 99.18% with a standard deviation of 0.57 and 98.78% with a standard deviation of 0.61, respectively, when compared with the standard pulse oximeter device. The repeatability and reproducibility of SPO2 measurements were 0.28 and 0.86, respectively, which is in the acceptable range.ConclusionThe new prototype of smartphone powered pulse oximeter demonstrated better performance compared to the existing low-cost fingertip pulse oximeters. The device could be used for independent monitoring of COVID-19 patients at health institutions and also for home care.     

Pulse oximetry in general practice: How would a pulse oximeter influence patient management?

The pulse oximeter is a vital piece of equipment in secondary care for the non-invasive monitoring of oxygen saturation. With the increasing affordability of the oximeter and recognition of its clinical applications, there is an increasing interest in its role in primary care. The decision was made that a systematic review was not feasible due to the lack of data concerning the influence of pulse oximetry on patient management and on the extent of oximetry use in the general practice setting. In this article, a selection of studies is presented looking into its clinical use and limitations. The role and potential of the oximeter as a screening tool and aid in the assessment of hypoxia in a variety of clinical situations in primary care is discussed.     

Pulse oximetry in general practice: how would a pulse oximeter influence patient management?

The pulse oximeter is a vital piece of equipment in secondary care for the non-invasive monitoring of oxygen saturation. With the increasing affordability of the oximeter and recognition of its clinical applications, there is an increasing interest in its role in primary care. The decision was made that a systematic review was not feasible due to the lack of data concerning the influence of pulse oximetry on patient management and on the extent of oximetry use in the general practice setting. In this article, a selection of studies is presented looking into its clinical use and limitations. The role and potential of the oximeter as a screening tool and aid in the assessment of hypoxia in a variety of clinical situations in primary care is discussed.     

我国首次研制出近红外组织血氧参数无损监测仪应用于临床

用近红外光谱(NIRS)方法实现人体组织中血氧饱和度、血红蛋白浓度的无创、连续监测是一项新兴技术.当心血管搏动微弱甚至使用体外循环时,脉搏血氧计已无读数,但组织血氧参数无损监测仪仍能提供信息.它特别适合于监测脑、肌肉、皮瓣等局部组织的血运状况.本文介绍仪器的技术指标、检测原理及临床应用.已开展的临床应用包括:新生儿脑损伤、脑发育的评定;体外循环手术过程中脑氧监测及脑的保护;组织移植后血运的监测以及骨骼肌代谢功能评定等4个方面.该仪器已由清华大学生物医学工程系研制成功,并于2005年1月通过鉴定,现已进入产品化、推广和应用阶段.     

无创脉搏血氧仪研制

一种新型无创脉搏血氧仪。该仪器由8098单片机、传感器LED驱动电路、信号检测放大电路、辅助控制器以及液晶显示器LCD组成。为实现快速、连续、准确地监测血氧饱和度,设计了自然光及电噪声消除电路,且应用了数字滤波技术对采集的数据进行平滑滤波处理。     

Estimation of the degree of acclimatization to high altitude by a rapid and simple physiological examination

The recent expansion in the geographical areas open to human activity has made it desirable to have an objective method to evaluate the degree of high-altitude acclimatization. In this study, we measured the arterial oxygen saturation value at rest and just after exercise in healthy high-altitude trekkers using a transportable pulse oximeter. During a 100-day stay at high altitude (around 4000 m), the degree of arterial hemoglobin saturation measured at rest was relatively stable. However, shortly after arrival at high altitude, even light exercise induced an acute reduction in the degree of arterial hemoglobin saturation; this reduction was ameliorated as the trekkers became acclimatized to the high altitude. Preliminary short trekking to high altitudes does not appear sufficient to induce this response. It is suggested that this rapid and simple physiological examination, the measurement of arterial oxygen saturation value after light exercise, could be a convenient means of estimating the level of high-altitude acclimatization among healthy subjects.     

Management of chemical cyanosis by oxygen saturation readings.

Chemical cyanosis is an oxygen transport deficiency produced by exposure to aromatic nitro- or animo-compounds. Evaluation of its severity by methemoglobin determinations defines the problem incompletely and is time consuming. Twenty-nine patients were studied over a five-year period by both methemoglobin level using classical laboratory methods and oxygen saturation level, using a reflection oximeter. The two results were found to bear an inverse linear relationship. Oxygen saturation may be determined easily and rapidly by the reflection oximeter method, and may be used safely as a guide to treatment of chemical cyanosis. No changes would have been made in medical management of any of the patients if the decisions had been made on the basis of the oxygen saturation level of less than 90% rather than the methemoglobin percentage of 10% or more.     

Management of Chemical Cyanos by Oxygen Saturation Readings

Chemical cyanosis is an oxygen transport deficiency produced by exposure to aromatic nitro- or amino-compounds. Evaluation of its severity by methemoglobin determinations defines the problem incompletely and is time consuming.

Twenty-nine patients were studied over a five-year period by both methemogiobin level using classical laboratory methods and oxygen saturation level, using a reflection oximeter. The two results were found to bear an inverse linear relationship. Oxygen saturation may be determined easily and rapidly by the reflection oximeter method, and may be used safely as a guide to treatment of chemical cyanosis.

No changes would have been made in medical management of any of the patients if the decisions had been made on the basis of the oxygen saturation level of less than 90% rather than the methemogiobin percentage of 10% or more.     

早产儿呼吸暂停局部脑组织氧监测和处理

目的:探讨早产儿呼吸暂停时局部脑组织氧监测情况及相应处理方法。方法:应用TSAH-100型近红外组织血氧参数无损监测仪对329例早产儿在出生后的第1、2、3、5、7天的同一时间进行脑组织氧饱和度(regional cerebral oxygensaturation,rSO2)的监测,使用Agilent M1205A新生儿监护仪同步测定经皮脉搏氧饱和度(pulse oxygen turation,SO2)。结果:329例早产儿中监测到26例呼吸暂停时脑氧合出现下降,呼吸暂停时SO2与rSO2的变化有明显的相关性,且rSO2下降较SO2出现得更早,灵敏度更高。结论:早产儿呼吸暂停时rSO2的监测有利于临床上及时发现早产儿呼吸暂停并积极予以相应的治疗,加强呼吸道管理,对减轻脑缺氧损伤的发生有着重要的意义。     

血氧模拟仪的技术研究与设计

目的：研制一个能模拟各种血氧状态的虚拟手指——血氧模拟器,用于检测临床监护仪的血氧监护模块和家庭使用的血氧测量仪的性能。方法：从仪器整体需求入手,着重对微弱光信号检测及分离、光信号调制和发光二极管驱动电路这三大核心模块进行电路设计及噪声分析,提出解决方案和性能指标要求,合理选择硬件电路中的元器件,使模拟仪具有测量精确、实用便捷的功能。结果：采用模拟电路技术对系统中三大核心电路模块进行分析和设计,完成了一个功能相对完备的血氧饱和度模拟仪的设计与制作。结论：通过与其他血氧模拟仪的比对,可判断该血氧模拟仪在模拟精度、模拟速度、稳定性、功耗、便携等方面的性能均达到同类产品的水平,具有很大的市场潜力与推广价值。