多层螺旋CT仿真支气管内镜对肺癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT仿真支气管内镜检查在肺癌诊断中的价值。方法：应用GE lightspeed QX/i CT扫描机，采用层厚2.5mm-3.75mm，HQ模式，speed 7.5mm/rot，对45例肺癌患者进行扫描，以获得容积扫描数据，将原始数据重叠重建后输入计算机工作站，利用三维导航软件功能（Navigator smooth）重建成仿真气管内镜图像。全部病例经纤支镜或手术病理证实。结果：多层螺旋CT仿真支气管内镜检查可以清楚地显示支气管管腔狭窄与闭塞，并可在三维空间以任意角度观察肿块的分叶征、肺血管纠集往、胸膜凹陷征，与手术所见一致。结论：多层螺旋CT仿真气管内镜能从支气管内外直接观察肿块的部位、大小、形态，是仿真支气管内镜技术的发展和延伸，可作为轴面CT检查信息的有力补充。     

多层螺旋CT仿真内镜技术在胃癌诊断中的应用价值探讨

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真内镜(CTVE)检查的临床应用价值及其在胃癌诊断中的作用。资料与方法 以手术病理或电子内镜检查结果为最终判断依据,对40例患者进行CTVE检查,探讨该检查手段的检查前准备,扫描参数,三维后处理方式及其与原始图像相结合对诊断结果的影响,比较CTVE的肿瘤显示与最终诊断的符合程度及各种重建方式对胃癌显示的有效性。结果 CTVE检查对胃癌诊断的敏感性为97％,特异性为75％,准确性为95％,漏诊率为3％,误诊率为25％,阳性和阴性预测值分别为97％和72％。结论 多层螺旋CTVE多种重建方式结合原始图像的使用在胃癌诊断中具有较高的临床价值。     

肺空洞多层螺旋CT仿真内镜成像初探

目的 :探讨肺空洞病变多层螺旋CT仿真内镜 (CTVE)成像技术及其初步临床运用。方法 :选择 13例肺空洞患者进行常规横断面CT扫描 ,将容积数据重建后输入GEAW 4.0工作站 ,用三维导航软件 (Navigator)重建成仿真内镜图像 ,调整阈值及视角并用伪彩技术立体观察空洞内表面情况。结果 :癌性空洞 8例 ,肺脓疡空洞 3例 ,结核性空洞 2例。癌性空洞内壁不规则 ,多伴大小不等壁结节 ,表面光滑 ;肺脓疡空洞内壁毛糙 ,显示多发锯齿状、柱状、火山口状改变 ;结核性空洞内壁光滑、规则 ,无结节状改变。对于直径 >3cm空洞 ,CTVE可较满意地获得立体的肺空洞内表面图像 ,空洞内结节的形态、大小、数量以及与空洞内壁联结关系 ,对直径 1.5～ 3 .0cm空洞 ,需调节适当阈值 ,扩大视角显示较好 ;对直径 <1.5cm空洞 ,CTVE显示困难。结论 :肺空洞CTVE成像是对常规CT重要补充 ,但不能作为独立诊断依据 ,必须结合CT原始图像及重建图像进行综合分析     

多层螺旋CT仿真内镜技术在膀胱癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT仿真内镜(CTVE)成像技术及其在膀胱癌诊断中的价值。资料与方法对血尿，B超发现膀胱内占位者28例行多层螺旋CT仿真膀胱内镜(MSCTVE)和常规膀胱内镜检查。其中23例采用导人法，通过导尿管将4．8％泛影葡胺300～500ml注入膀胱，行膀胱及后尿道扫描；5例采用排泄法．经肘静脉注射非离子型对比剂90ml，延迟30min行全尿路扫描；将膀胱原始资料传至工作站，采用Voyager软件行CTVE影像重建，对膀胱癌进行评价。结果常规膀胱镜证实的38枚膀胱肿瘤MSCTVE显示35枚，准确率92．1％，其中膀胱移行细胞癌25例，鳞状上皮细胞癌、壁内段输尿管癌、膀胱癌术后复发各1例，输尿管口和尿道内口显示率分别为75％和100％。结论MSCTVE具有图像清晰逼真、大视野、无盲区等特点，能较准确地反映膀胱内占位性病变，是常规膀胱镜及外科手术的有益补充，也可作为尿道狭窄、严重血尿或患者拒绝传统膀胱镜等条件下替代常规膀胱镜的检查方法之一。     

多层螺旋CT仿真内镜对中央型肺癌的评价

目的研究多层螺旋CT(MSCT)仿真内镜(VE)在中央型肺癌的应用。资料与方法69例中央型肺癌，行MSCT扫描后进行VE成像。其中43例同期作纤维支气管镜（FBs)检查对照。结果VE下表现为支气管管腔闭塞34例，气管或支气管偏心性狭窄19例，管腔内占位病变16例。VE与FBS一致性达86．1％。差异主要在过诊为闭塞5例。结论MSCT VE可较好地辅助判断中央型肺癌的位置和支气管狭窄程度。     

多层螺旋CT对胰腺癌的术前评估

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT双期增强扫描及图像后处理在胰腺癌手术可切除性研究中的应用价值。方法:对63例胰腺癌患者进行MSCT双期增强薄层横断位扫描,结合多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、三维容积演示(VR)等后处理技术,对胰腺癌作出能否切除的术前评估,并以手术结果作为对照和分析。结果:35例患者进行了手术,19例MSCT认为可切除的,实际术中切除15例(可切除率79%);16例MSCT认为不可切除的,实际术中不可切除15例(不可切除率94%)。结论:MSCT对胰腺癌术前可切除性的评估具有重要的临床指导意义。     

术前多期相螺旋CT检出胰岛素瘤

以前对疑有胰岛素瘤的病人进行术前评价是否有价值争议很大。有人认为生化检查已能确诊,没有必要行术前影像学检查,因为所有的胰岛素瘤均位于胰腺,术中探查、触诊和超声可以检出病灶。也有的人则认为术前     

多层螺旋CT对卵巢恶性肿瘤的术前分期

目的: 评价多层螺旋CT对卵巢恶性肿瘤术前分期的价值.材料和方法: 用Toshiba Aquilion 多层螺旋CT扫描仪对47例卵巢恶性肿瘤患者行术前分期,并与手术病理结果对照分析.结果: 多层螺旋CT对于卵巢恶性肿瘤分期总准确率为85.1%.Ⅰ期准确率为69.2%,Ⅱ期为66.7%,Ⅲ期为89.3%.结论: 多层螺旋CT是卵巢恶性肿瘤术前分期较可靠和准确的影像检查方法.     

冠状动脉狭窄的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的 旨在评价多层螺旋CT（MDCT）诊断冠状动脉（简称冠脉）狭窄的可行性和准确性。方法 65名患者行冠脉MDCT造影（MDCTA），扫描数据在回顾性心电门控下重建。有32例同时接受选择性冠脉造影（SCA）。分析CT图像质量，并与SCA比较，评价MDCTA诊断50％以上狭窄的准确性。结果 心率70次／min以下患者CT图像质量明显优于心率70次／min以上组（W＝539，P＜0．0001）。32例MDCTA图像与相应SCA比较，MDCTA诊断50％以上狭窄的敏感度、特异率、阴性预测值和准确度分别为95％、80％、89％和90％。结论 MDCT对冠脉能够高质量成像并可较准确诊断冠脉狭窄。     

Selective Intra-Arterial Calcium Stimulation with Hepatic Venous Sampling for Preoperative Localization of Insulinomas

Objective

To determine the value of selective intra-arterial calcium stimulation with hepatic venous sampling using serum insulin and C-peptide gradients for the preoperative localization of insulinomas.

Materials and Methods

Seven consecutive patients [three men and four women aged 15-77 (mean, 42.7) years] with hypoglycemia underwent selective intra-arterial calcium stimulation in conjunction with hepatic venous sampling. Insulin gradients were calculated by an individual blinded to all other preoperative imaging studies and operative findings. In all patients except one, C-peptide gradients were also analyzed. The results were compared with the preoperative findings of ultrasonography, computed tomography, arteriography and endoscopic ultrasonography, as well as with the intraoperative findings of ultrasonography and palpation at surgery.

Results

Eight insulinomas (mean diameter, 12.5 mm) were diagnosed after surgery. In six patients, the calcium stimulation test with insulin gradients allowed accurate localization of the pathologic source of insulin secretion. Both C-peptide and insulin gradients substantially increased diagnostic accuracy. In one patient, C-peptide gradients were more helpful than insulin gradients for tumor localization.

Conclusion

Selective intra-arterial calcium stimulation with hepatic venous sampling is a highly accurate and safe method for the preoperative localization of insulinomas. Additional C-peptide gradients seem to be helpful in assessing tumor location, but further study is needed.     

彩色多普勒超声内镜、CT和腹部超声术前定位诊断胰岛细胞瘤

目的:比较彩色多普勒超声内镜(ECDUS)与螺旋CT和腹部超声(US)术前定位诊断胰岛细胞瘤的价值.材料和方法:对经内科检查定性诊断胰岛细胞瘤并准备手术切除的9例患者行术前ECDUS、US和胰腺螺旋CT增强扫描(CT)检查,并与手术和病理检查对照.结果:9例患者共发现12个病灶,均为良性,ECDUS检出10/12,US未检出,CT检出1/12,ECDUS检出病灶部位与手术所见一致,ECDUS漏诊的2个病灶,直径分别为0.4cm和0.5cm.结论:ECDUS对胰岛细胞瘤定位准确优于US、CT.但对直径小于0.5cm的病灶,定位诊断仍有困难.     

Preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer: Comparison of gadolinium‐enhanced dynamic MRI with MR cholangiopancreatography versus MDCT

Purpose

To determine the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including dynamic imaging using three‐dimensional gradient‐echo (3D‐GRE) sequences and MR cholangiopancreatograpy (MRCP) compared with that of multidetector row CT (MDCT) with regard to resectability in pancreas cancer.

Materials and Methods

From February 2004 to July 2008, 54 patients (32 men, 22 women: age range, 28–83 years; mean age, 63.1 years old) with surgically proven pancreatic carcinoma, who had undergone preoperative gadolinium‐enhanced 3D‐GRE MRI with MRCP and triple‐phase MDCT, were included in this retrospective study. Two, clinically experienced attending radiologists independently reviewed the two image sets. These readers evaluated the tumor conspicuity, presence of vascular invasion, choledochal and duodenal invasion, lymph node metastases, distant metastasis, and tumor resectability. The results were compared with the surgical and histopathologic findings using receiver operating characteristic analysis (Az) and kappa statistics.

Results

Curative resections were performed on 42 patients. Regarding the tumor conspicuity, MRI had a significantly higher Az value compared with MDCT according to both reviewers (P < 0.05). The accuracy of resectability was Az = 0.753 and 0.768 on MRI and Az = 0.829 and 0.762 on MDCT for each reviewer, and the difference in the accuracy of resectability was not significant between MRI and MDCT for either reviewer (P > 0.05). Two imaging sets showed a similar diagnostic performance in the evaluation of vascular involvement, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis.

Conclusion

Dynamic 3D‐GRE MRI with MRCP shows superior tumor conspicuity and similar diagnostic performance compared with MDCT in evaluating the resectability of pancreatic cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:586–595. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

胃癌术前淋巴结分期的MDCT研究

目的:本研究利用多层螺旋CT(MDCT),以不同的淋巴结分期标准对胃癌区域淋巴结前瞻性的术前N分期,术后与病理对照,探讨其在胃癌术前淋巴结N分期中的价值.方法:经胃镜确诊的118例胃癌患者,采用16层螺旋CT,行水充盈法三期增强扫描.分别以Ⅰ组(胃周淋巴结短径>6mm,胃周外淋巴结短径>8mm)、Ⅱ组(胃周淋巴结短径>5mm,胃周外淋巴结短径>6mm)诊断标准,并分别采用横断面图像与横断面结合多层面重组(MPR)图像N分期,进行组间对照.结果:单独采用横断面图像,以Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组标准判断时,两组N分期结果基本一致(Kappa=0.7105),但各期(N0～N3)的诊断水平有差异(P<0.05).Ⅰ组对胃癌N分期的准确率、敏感性、特异性分别为62.7%、67.8%、77.8%,Ⅱ组分别为67.8%、79.7%、71.2%,其中Ⅱ组的敏感性高于Ⅰ组(s=7,P=0.0082<0.05),Ⅱ组N2期的准确率优于Ⅰ组(s=6,P=0.0143<0.05);Ⅰ组过低分期率较Ⅱ组高(26.2% vs 16.9%,P=0.0253<0.05).横断面结合MPR图像与单独采用横断面图像N分期准确率分别为71.2%、67.8%,两者间无统计学差异(P>0.05,Kappa=0.84).结论:应用美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)N分期法,采用胃周淋巴结短径>5mm,胃周外淋巴结短径>6mm,更能较为准确地进行术前N分期.横断面结合M PR图像比单独采用横断面图像有助于改善胃癌术前准确N分期,但无统计学差异.     

Preoperative assessment of nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumours: role of MDCT and MRI

Purpose

This study was done to compare the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative assessment of nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumours (NFPET).

Materials and methods

Fifty-one patients (25 men, 26 women; mean age, 52 years), preoperatively investigated by both MDCT and MRI and subsequently operated on with a histological diagnosis of NFPET, were included in this study. MDCT and MRI accuracy in evaluating location, size, margins, baseline density/signal intensity, structure, pattern of enhancement, peak enhancement phase, involvement of main pancreatic duct, involvement of adjacent organs, infiltration of peritumoural vessels, involvement of locoregional lymph nodes, and liver metastases was compared using Pearson correlation, Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

MDCT and MRI had similar accuracy in assessing size, margins, baseline density/signal intensity, structure, pattern of enhancement, peak enhancement phase, involvement of main pancreatic duct, involvement of adjacent organs, involvement of locoregional lymph nodes, and liver metastases (p>0.05). MDCT was superior to MRI in evaluating the infiltration of peritumoural vessels (p=0.025).

Conclusions

MDCT performed better than MRI in assessing vascular involvement and should be considered the best imaging tool for preoperative evaluation of NFPET.     

Preoperative MDCT evaluation of the artery of Adamkiewicz and its origin

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of MDCT in the preoperative evaluation of the artery of Adamkiewicz (ARM) and its parent artery. METHODS: Ten patients with thoracoabdominal vascular diseases underwent MDCT of the entire aorta and iliac arteries. The visualization of the ARM, and its branching level and site of origin, and the continuity of the intercostal/lumbar arteries with the ARM were investigated. RESULTS: In 9 of the 10 patients, the ARM was clearly visualized. The entire length from the intercostal/lumbar arteries to the ARM could be traced in 8 of the 10 patients. Surgical treatment or stentgraft insertion was based on a consideration of the vascular supply to the ARM. No postoperative ischemic spinal complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT permits the evaluation of the ARM for its entire length and provides information on the intercostal and lumbar arteries and entire aorta.     

动脉内钙剂刺激试验在功能性胰岛素瘤术前定位中的应用

目的:评价动脉内钙剂刺激试验在功能性胰岛素瘤术前定位诊断中的作用。方法:对10例胰岛素瘤患者行动脉内钙剂刺激肝静脉采血试验(ASVS)测定胰岛素的研究,ASVS前均行超声、CT、MRI及内镜超声检查。10例功能性胰岛素瘤均得到手术病理证实,病灶大小为0．8-2．0 cm。分别行胃十二指肠动脉(GDA)、肠系膜上动脉(SMA)、脾动脉近端(sAP)和脾动脉远端(SAD)造影,并通过导管注射钙剂5 m1(含Ca2 约27 mg),于每次动脉刺激后30、60、90、120、 150和180 s行右肝静脉取血测定胰岛素:不同动脉激发试验的间隔时间为15 min。阳性判断标准:若胰岛素峰值达到或超过基础值的4倍以上,即提示该动脉为肿瘤的供血动脉,肿瘤即被定位于相对应的胰腺区域。结果:10例中9例ASVS 结果与最终诊断完全一致,1例肿瘤位于胰尾,因未行SAD激发而漏诊。结论:ASVS是功能性胰岛素瘤安全、准确的术前定位方法,尤其适用于病灶较小、其他影像学检查结果为阴性的病例。     

经阴道彩色多普勒能量图对卵巢肿块的术前评估

目的：评价经阴道彩色多普勒能量图在卵巢肿块术前鉴别诊断中的价值。材料和方法：１９９６０３～１９９７１２,７３例卵巢肿块患者行超声检查,６６例经手术病理证实。结果：多普勒能量图形态学参数及收缩期峰值速度（ＰＳＶ）诊断卵巢良恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、准确率高于形态学评分、阻力指数（ＲＩ）及搏动指数（ＰＩ）。结论：多普勒能量图形态学参数、ＰＳＶ鉴别诊断卵巢良恶性肿瘤价值优于ＲＩ、ＰＩ,多参数综合评价可提高术前鉴别诊断的准确性。