Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients

Activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in erythrocytes were evaluated in 50 schizophrenic and 20 manic-depressive patients, who were or were not being treated with different neuroleptic drugs, and results were compared with those for 58 normal individuals. Neuroleptic-treated and untreated schizophrenic patients showed similar activities of superoxide dismutase, about 60% higher than those found in normal individuals (p less than 0.001). In manic-depressive patients treated with either lithium (n = 8) or lithium plus neuroleptic drugs (n = 12), superoxide dismutase activities were increased by about 40% over those of normal subjects (p less than 0.001). Significantly abnormal activities of glutathione peroxidase were found only in the sub-group of schizophrenic women. These results are interpreted in terms of active oxygen species involvement in the psychiatric manifestations.     

血清S-100b蛋白自身抗体与精神分裂症的相关性研究

目的研究精神分裂症患者病程、症状、疗效与血清抗S-100b蛋白自身抗体的关系。方法用间接ELISA检测153例正常人、32例连续服抗精神药物的复发精神分裂症患者、入院前至少14 d未服抗精神药物并完成12周治疗的复发精神分裂症60例及30例初发精神分裂症患者血清抗S-100b蛋白自身抗体;病人入院时及完成12周治疗后应用PANSS量表对患者进行精神分裂症阴、阳性症状评定。结果抗S-100b蛋白自身抗体阳性率初发病组与复发组相比有显著差异(P<0.01);复发组之间病程长短无显著差异(P>0.05)。精神分裂症患者入院初抗S-100b蛋白自身抗体,与PANSS量表评分呈现正相关(r=0.28,P<0.05);进一步观察与PANSS量表的N(阴性症状)呈正相关(r=0.33,P<0.05),60例精神分裂症患者,治疗有效组与治疗无效组抗S-100b蛋白自身抗体比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论抗体与分裂症患者病程及严重程度相关,并与阴性症状呈正相关;在治疗过程中治疗是否有效与抗体无关。     

Matched comparison of radical nephrectomy vs nephron-sparing surgery in patients with unilateral renal cell carcinoma and a normal contralateral kidney

OBJECTIVE: To report the long-term follow-up of a matched comparison of radical nephrectomy (RN) and nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in patients with single unilateral renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a normal contralateral kidney. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between August 1966 and March 1999, 1492 and 189 patients with unilateral RCC and a normal contralateral kidney underwent RN and NSS, respectively. Patients with renal impairment, previous nephrectomy, bilateral or multiple RCCs, metastasis, and familial cancer syndromes were excluded. A total 164 patients in each cohort were matched according to pathological grade, pathological T stage, size of tumor, age, sex, and year of surgery. The Kaplan-Meier method and stratified Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate and compare overall, cancer-specific, local recurrence-free, and metastasis-free survival and survival free of chronic renal insufficiency. The 2 groups were evaluated for early (< or = 30 days) complications and proteinuria at last follow-up. RESULTS: At last follow-up, 126 RN patients (77%) and 130 NSS patients (79%) were alive with no evidence of disease. There was no significant difference observed between patients who had RN and those who had NSS with respect to overall survival (risk ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-1.74; P = .88) or cancer-specific survival (risk ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.30-5.95; P = .71). At 10 years, similar rates of contralateral recurrence (0.9% for RN vs 1% for NSS) and metastasis (4.9% for RN vs 4.3% for NSS) were seen in each group, whereas the rate of ipsilateral local recurrence for patients who underwent RN and NSS was 0.8% and 5.4%, respectively (P = .18). There was no significant difference in the early complications between the RN and NSS groups. However, patients who underwent RN had a significantly higher risk for proteinuria as defined by a protein/osmolality ratio of 0.12 or higher (55.2% vs 34.5%; P = .01). At 10 years, the cumulative incidence of chronic renal insufficiency (creatinine > 2.0 mg/dL at least 30 days after surgery) was 22.4% and 11.6%, respectively, for the RN and NSS groups (risk ratio, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.2-11.2; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study of patients with unilateral RCC and a normal contralateral kidney suggests that NSS is as effective as RN for the treatment of RCC on long-term follow-up. The increased risk of chronic renal insufficiency and proteinuria after RN supports use of NSS.     

About secondary phenothiazine-induced cardiomyopathy

A total of 830 autopsy protocols and medical histories of schizophrenic patients who died between 1952 and 2007 were analysed. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) occurred much more frequently than in the study of analogous material from the general population and patients with psychiatric disorders. The difference is attributed to the prolonged neuroleptic therapy with phenothiasine preparations in schizophrenics. This inference is confirmed by their significantly smaller heart mass compared with that in the period preceding this treatment. The frequency of DCMP in these patients significantly increased with duration of neuroleptic therapy. It is concluded that phenothiasine neuroleptics are etiological factors of DCMP. It is suggested to regard DCMP as an independent nosological form and call it phenothiasine-induced cardiomyopathy (FCMP).     

无抽搐电休克对精神分裂症患者血清白介素6的影响

AIM: To explore the influence of modified electroconvulsive therapy on seruminterleukin-6 in schizophrenic patients. METHOD: Testing changed serumIL-6 in 60 cases treated with MECT and 60 control cases treated with clozapinetherapy by ELISA method. RESULTS: Serum H-6 level before treatment ofboth groups was positive related to SAPS; serum IL-6level wasn' trelated toBPRS total score, factor score and SANS total fractions. IL-6 level of clozapinetherapy group decrease apparently after treatment, and IL-6 level was appar-ently positive related to anxious depressed factor of BPR S; but there was noapparent difference in IL-6 level of MECT group between before and aftertreatment. CONCLUSION: To schizophrenic patients, closapine can take ef-fects of immune inhibit through inhibiting serum H-6; MECT emay have differentmechanism.     

The influence of modified electroco nvulsive therapy on serum interleukin-6in schizophrenic patients

INTRODUCTIONRecentlythestudyonthefunctionofcytokineinschizophreniaincreased．Somestudiesreportedthatthemajortranquilizermightrealizeitseffectsoncytokinethroughinhibitionofinterleukin－６（IL－６andrealizeitsimmuneinhibitionfunction犤１犦．Livingqualityofschizophrenicpatientsislow犤２犦，modifiedelectroconvulsivetherapycanameioratetheirlivingqualityeffectively．ButtherewerefewresearchesotheinfluenceofMECTonIL－６．ThisexperimentaimedtoexplorethinfluenceofMECTonserumIL－６inschizophre…     

抗精神药物对精神分裂症患者甲状腺激素的影响

目的研究抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素的影响。方法将精神分裂症患者分成2组,其中25例使用氯氮平和利培酮等非典型抗精神病药物,25例使用氯丙嗪和氟哌啶醇等典型抗精神病药物,治疗8周。以阳性症状和阴性症状量表(PANSS)观察疗效,测定治疗前、后血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平并与30名健康人比较。结果精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素水平治疗前与正常人比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,2组精神分裂症患者的T3、T4水平均降低,TSH升高,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论非典型或典型抗精神病药物都能引起精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化,因此在治疗过程中要定期监测甲状腺激素水平。     

Decrease of serum malondialdehyde in patients treated with chlorpromazine

Malondialdehyde determination in serum from schizophrenic patients before and after treatment with chlorpromazine showed that, after treatment, patients had significantly lower values than before. The antioxidant properties of chlorpromazine can be related to its effect on the level of serum lipid peroxides and possibly to its neuroleptic action.     

Hormone profile in acute psychotic disorders: A cross-sectional comparison of serum hormone concentrations in treated and untreated male patients with schizophrenia

Background:

Antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia provide effective treatment of psychotic symptoms but might lead to neuroendocrine abnormalities.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function by comparing serum hormone profiles of newly admitted patients with psychotic disorders who were receiving antipsychotic drugs with those who were antipsychotic-drug-free during the preceding 6 months.

Methods:

Adult male patients admitted during a 1-year period (December 1999 to December 2000) to 1 of 2 Brazilian public psychiatric inpatient units that provide care for severely ill patients were eligible for this cross-sectional study if they had a diagnosis of schizophrenia based on the criteria given in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and a score >24 on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. On the morning after admission, serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin, free testosterone (FT), and total testosterone (TT) were determined. A commercial laboratory provided the normal serum hormone concentrations of healthy Brazilian men in the same age range as that of the study patients.

Results:

Sixty-three adult male patients, aged 18 to 55, were included in the study. Forty-eight (76.2%) patients (mean [SD] age, 30.6 [8.9] years) were receiving antipsychotic drugs (treated). Fifteen (23.8%) patients (mean [SD] age, 36.5 [9.8] years) were antipsychotic-drug-free for 6 months before admission (untreated). The only significant between-group difference was for disease duration (treated, 7.6 [8.1] years vs untreated, 12.3 [9.7] years; P = 0.044). Treated patients were more likely to have higher dispersed serum hormone concentrations than the untreated patients. Serum concentration of FSH was numerically higher in the treated patients than in the untreated patients, although the difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the control group (1436 men and women for prolactin; 226 men for LH; 207 for FSH; 128 for TT; 128 for FT; and 128 for SHBG), patients in the treated group had significantly different mean [SD] serum concentrations of all hormones (treated vs control: prolactin, 24.3 [23.7] μg/L vs 6.8 [0.12] μg/L, P < 0.001; LH, 4.9 [3.4] U/L vs 3.3 [0.13] U/L, P = 0.001; FSH, 4.4 [3.9] U/L vs 3.0 [0.06] U/L, P = 0.025; TT, 17.5 [7.8] nmol/L vs 20.1 [1.64] nmol/L, P = 0.004; FT, 0.056 [0.08] nmol/L vs 0.06 [0.003] nmol/L, P < 0.001; and SHBG, 33.3 [18.9] nmol/L vs 48.4 [1.45] nmol/L, P= 0.002). Compared with the control group, patients in the untreated group had significantly different mean (SD) serum concentrations of all hormones except FSH and TT (untreated vs control: prolactin, 19.9 [12.8] μg/L vs 6.8 [0.12] μg/L, P = 0.001; LH, 6.0 [1.9] U/L vs 3.3 [0.13] U/L, P = 0.002; FT, 0.08 [0.04] nmol/L vs 0.06 [0.003] nmol/L, P= 0.001; and SHBG, 26.6 [11.6] nmol/L vs 48.4 [1.45] nmol/L, P < 0.001). No differences were found between the TT distribution curve of the control group and that of the untreated patients.

Conclusion:

This study supports further investigation of a potential difference in the HPG axis among treated and untreated patients with schizophrenia and those who do not have that condition.     

精神分裂症伴高同型半胱氨酸血症患者治疗前后尿酸与糖脂代谢变化的研究

目的探讨精神分裂症伴高同型半胱氨酸血症患者治疗前后血清三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、尿酸(UA)水平的变化。方法采用回顾性分析方法进行研究,收集2017年5月至2019年6月在该院就诊的106例精神分裂症患者的临床资料。根据同型半胱氨酸(HCY)检测结果将63例高同型半胱氨酸血症患者纳入高HCY组,43例HCY水平正常患者纳入正常HCY组,观察并比较两组患者治疗前后HCY、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FBG、UA的检测结果变化情况,探讨HCY与其他指标间的相关性。结果正常HCY组治疗后TG水平明显升高,高HCY组TG水平较治疗前明显升高,FBG及UA水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前血清HCY与UA呈正相关(r=0.408,P<0.001),与FBG、TG、HDL-C及LDL-C无相关性,治疗后血清HCY水平与UA和TG均呈正相关(r=0.342,P<0.01;r=0.212,P=0.046),与HDL-C呈负相关,与FBG和LDL-C无相关性(r=-0.280,P=0.004)。结论精神分裂症伴高同型半胱氨酸血症患者血脂代谢紊乱程度高于HCY正常的患者,所有患者治疗后血脂水平均升高;血清HCY与血清TG、UA和HDL-C水平间存在相关性。     

精神分裂症患者阴性症状与健康教育的需求及护理

目的 :探讨精神分裂症患者阴性症状与健康教育需求的关系 ,提供适合精神分裂症患者健康教育的依据。方法 :采用阴性症状评定量表(SANS)和自行设计的健康教育调查问卷 ,对精神分裂症患者 2 6 9例进行评定、分析。结果 :98例患者有健康教育需求 ,139例患者无健康教育需求 ,32例患者无法进行交谈。两组在SANS总分及各因子上差异均有高度显著性(P <0 0 1) ,年龄、病程、住院时间上差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,文化程度上差异无显著性。结论 :(1)阴性症状评定对实施健康教育具有一定的指导作用 ;(2 )年龄、病程、住院时间对是否需求健康教育有影响 ;(3)对住院精神分裂症患者需实施多角度的健康教育及多层次的护理干预     

无抽搐电休克治疗对精神分裂症患者认知功能及其氧化自由基清除剂的影响

目的:探讨无抽搐电休克治疗(modified electroconvulsive therapy,MECT)对精神分裂症患者认知功能及其氧化自由基清除剂的影响。方法:对符合国际疾病分类(10th International Classification of Diseases,ICD-10)诊断标准的精神分裂症患者进行前后对照研究,共收集50例。在MECT前后,对患者进行认知功能测评,检测基线血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,探索MECT对患者认知功能影响及与氧自由基及其清除剂的相关性。结果:1)MECT治疗前后P300的N1潜伏期缩短,P3波幅降低,心理测试颜色连线测验、Stroop色词测验、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST-128)正确应答数及持续错误数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2)治疗前后SOD,GPX差异无统计学意义,NO水平较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3)MECT治疗前NO水平与精神分裂症患者的认知功能有相关性。结论:1)MECT治疗对精神分裂症患者的认知功能是有改善的;2)MECT治疗后患者NO水平降低,且治疗前的NO水平与患者的认知功能有一定的相关性,提示其可能在认知功能中起一定的作用。     

异性互动训练对恢复期精神分裂症患者情绪障碍的影响

目的 探讨异性互动训练对恢复期精神分裂症患情绪障碍的治疗效果.方法 将136例恢复期精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组（47例）和对照组（44例）.两组在常规精神药物治疗的基础上,研究组配合异性互动训练,在人组时和4周末,分别采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、自尊量表、自卑感量表对两组患者的情绪障碍进行评定.结果 实施异性互动训练前两组患者SAS、SDS、SES、FIS评分及焦虑、抑郁发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05） 训练后两组上述指标比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05） 训练前后组内比较,研究组训练前后比较SAS、SDS、SES、FIS评分及焦虑、抑郁发生率比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01） 对照组训练前后上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 异性互动训练可缓解恢复期精神分裂症患者的情绪障碍.     

不同频次无抽搐电休克联合抗精神病药物对精神分裂症住院患者阳性和阴性症状量表评分和认知功能的影响

目的:探讨不同频次无抽搐电休克(modified electro-convulsive therapy,MECT)联合抗精神病药物对精神分裂症住院患者阳性和阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Symptom Scale,PANSS)评分和认知功能的影响。方法:将符合入选标准的90例精神分裂症住院患者按区组随机化法分成治疗A组(n=30)、治疗B组(n=30)和治疗C组(n=30),治疗A组给予单一抗精神病药物治疗,治疗B组、C组均给予MECT联合单一抗精神药物治疗,MECT治疗频次分别为1次/周和2~3次/周,均观察8周。比较3组治疗前后PANSS评分和精神分裂症认知功能成套测试共识版(MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery,MCCB)评分变化。结果:治疗B组、C组治疗4周、8周后PANSS评分均明显低于治疗A组(P<0.05),PANSS减分率、临床总有效率均高于治疗A组(P<0.05),治疗B组、C组上述指标比较无明显差异(P>0.05);治疗B组、C组治疗8周MCCB量表5项评分明显高于治疗A组(P<0.05),治疗B组“言语学习和记忆”“视觉学习和记忆”2项评分明显高于治疗C组(P<0.05)。结论:不同频次MECT联合抗精神病药物均能有效降低精神分裂症患者PANSS评分和改善患者的认知功能,临床疗效相当,但1次/周MECT对改善患者早期认知功能的效果可能更佳。     

Nociceptin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of chronic pain patients with or without intrathecal administration of morphine

The neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is the endogenous ligand for the opioid-like receptor ORL-1 and is thought to be involved in pain transmission and modulation. Human studies have not yet defined its role in pain patients. The aims of this study were 1) to verify the presence of N/OFQ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human controls and patients with chronic noncancer pain, including those treated with intrathecally administered morphine, and 2) to determine whether pain or treatment with long-term intrathecal morphine influences its levels. The CSF of 27 patients (nine controls and 18 with chronic noncancer pain, of whom 12 were treated chronically with intrathecally administered morphine and six were opioid na?ve) was analyzed, blindly, with radioimmunoassay methods. N/OFQ was detected in all patients. Mean CSF concentrations were lowest in the morphine-treated group and highest in the untreated chronic pain patients (12.06+/-1.19 and 57.41+/-10.06 fmol/ml, respectively), and the difference between the morphine-treated group and controls was statistically significant (44.72+/-13.56 fmol/ml, P<0.05). The presence of N/OFQ peptide in human CSF may correlate with biological activities that are influenced by different pain states and long-term intrathecal-morphine treatment. Further studies should verify whether the determination of this peptide CSF level may provide information on opioid treatment efficacy and on the presence of opioid tolerance.     

Immediate influence of transcranial electrostimulation on pain and beta-endorphin blood levels: an active placebo-controlled study

BACKGROUND: Stimulation of the antinociceptive system by noninvasive electrical current from electrodes placed on the head is a renewed method of pain relief. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on 20 chronic back pain patients. They were treated with either transcranial electrostimulation (TCES) or an active placebo device. Pain level and serum beta-endorphin levels were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS: beta-Endorphin level increased in seven of the ten patients from the treatment group and did not change in eight of ten patients from control group (P = 0.057 between groups). Pain level decreased in eight treated patients and seven control patients (significant decrease for each group, no significant difference between groups). CONCLUSIONS: Transcranial electrostimulation is a nonpharmacologic method of pain relief accompanied or mediated by beta-endorphin release. The comparable degree of the initial clinical response emphasizes the powerful placebo effect on reported pain not mediated by endorphin release. This preliminary study shows that noninvasive electrical stimulation is a safe treatment with a positive effect on beta-endorphin blood levels.     

女性首发精神分裂症患者血清白细胞介素6水平与氯氮平用量及症状改善的关系

背景:白细胞介素6是机体在免疫活动过程中产生的一种细胞因子。首发女性精神分裂症患者在服用氯氮平治疗后血清中白细胞介素6的变化是否为药物直接作用的结果及其是否与精神病症状的变化直接相关等问题尚需探讨。目的:观察女性首发精神分裂症患者血清白细胞介素6水平变化及其与氯氮平用量和症状改善的关系。设计:非随机同期病例-对照观察。单位:新乡医学院第二附属医院精神科。对象:于2005-05/12选取河南省精神病医院收治的精神分裂症女性患者20例为精神分裂症组。均符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版精神分裂症的诊断标准;阳性症状与阴性症状量表评分>60分;未经治疗或门诊治疗至少2周未用药。排除有躯体疾病、内分泌及免疫系统疾病、营养不良及其他精神疾患,有过敏及激素治疗史,接受过免疫制剂治疗,近期内进行预防接种,怀孕或哺乳期妇女。对照组:同期选取年龄、性别与精神分裂症组差异无显著性意义的健康女性志愿者20例,排除标准同精神分裂症组。入组时均经受试者或监护人知情同意。方法:精神分裂症组患者均单一使用氯氮平,以25～50mg/d开始逐渐加量,3周内加到最大剂量,以最大疗效和最小副作用为用药原则。①采用酶联免疫吸附法测定精神分裂症组患者治疗前及治疗后第1,2,4周血清白细胞介素6水平。②采用高效液相色谱法测定氯氮平含量,以对照组受试者血清白细胞介素6水平作对照。③精神症状变化与白细胞介素6变化的相关分析:将患者治疗前、治疗后1,2,4周血清白细胞介素6水平分别与对应时段的阳性症状与阴性症状量表阳性症状分、阴性症状分、一般病理分、总分进行相关分析。主要观察指标:①氯氮平治疗前及治疗后各时间点患者血清白细胞介素6水平。②血清白细胞介素6水平与氯氮平含量的相关分析。③精神症状变化和血清白细胞介素6水平变化的相关分析。结果:①氯氮平治疗前及治疗后各时间点患者血清白细胞介素6水平:精神分裂症组患者治疗前血清白细胞介素6水平显著高于对照组[分别为(137.72±18.84),(65.05±20.95)ng/L,t=11.53,P<0.01],治疗后第1,2,4周均显著低于对照组[分别为(28.11±5.42),(8.48±1.14),(13.90±2.55),(65.05±20.95)ng/L,t=7.63,12.01,10.84,P<0.01]。②血清白细胞介素6水平与氯氮平含量的相关分析:治疗后第1,2,4周血清白细胞介素6水平与氯氮平含量均无显著相关性(r=-0.15,0.12,-0.29,P>0.05)。③精神症状变化和血清白细胞介素6水平变化的关系:精神分裂症组患者治疗前白细胞介素6水平与阳性症状分呈显著正相关(r=0.386,P<0.01),治疗后1,2,4周血清白细胞介素6水平与阳性症状与阴性症状量表总分及各因子分相关分析结果显示无显著相关性(r=0.136～0.237,P>0.05)。结论:女性首发精神分裂症患者血清白细胞介素6水平高于健康女性,氯氮平治疗可降低患者血清白细胞介素6水平,精神分裂症状改善与白细胞介素6变化无显著相关性。     

经颅直流电刺激对亚急性期缺血性脑卒中患者上肢运动功能和体感诱发电位的影响

目的:探讨经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)对亚急性期缺血性脑卒中患者上肢运动功能和体感诱发电位的影响。方法:选取脑卒中后上肢运动功能障碍患者96例,随机分为观察组47例和对照组49例,观察组给与tDCS和上肢常规康复训练,对照组给与tDCS假刺激和上肢常规康复训练。分别于治疗前、治疗4周后应用Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)、Wolf运动功能测试量表(WMFT)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)及上肢正中神经诱发电位N20潜伏期和波幅对2组患者进行评估,并对2组患者的正中神经诱发电位N20测定结果变化和肢体功能变化的进行相关性分析,观察干预前后患者上肢运动功能与体感诱发电位的变化。结果:治疗4周后,2组患者的FMA-UE、WMFT、MBI评分较治疗前均显著升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组N20波幅较治疗前则增加(P<0.05);2组N20潜伏期组内、组间比较均无统计学差异;除治疗组WMFT差值与N20潜伏期差值呈正相关(r=0.305,P=0.037)外,其余均无相关性,2组患者偏瘫侧治疗前正中神经SEP N20测定结果与治疗4周后MBI、FMA-UE、WMFT各项量表评分均无相关性。结论:经颅直流电刺激可改善亚急性期脑卒中患者的上肢运动功能及体感诱发电位N20的波幅,SEP N20潜伏期变化和肢体功能WMFT评分变化具有一定的相关性。     

Influence of hypertonic saline on bacterial translocation in controlled hemorrhagic shock

Translocation of enteric bacteria has been described in rats following hemorrhagic shock (HS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of hypertonic saline (HTS) on bacterial translocation (BT) in the setting of controlled HS in rats. The study included 2 arms. Arm I was a qualitative assessment of translocation. Sixty-eight anesthetized animals were studied. The rats were divided into 5 groups. Group I (n = 10) was sham shock controls. In groups II-V, HS was induced by arterial bleeding to mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 35-45 mmHg, which was maintained for 30 min. The animals were then allocated into 4 groups: group II (n = 19) untreated HS; group III (n = 13) normal saline (NS) treated; group IV (n = 13) HTS-treated; and group V (n = 13) HTS and blood treated. Mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, portal, and systemic blood were sent for culture after 24 h. Translocation occurred if enteric bacteria were cultured from at least one site. Arm II was a quantitative assessment of translocation. Two groups were studied: untreated HS (n = 7) and HTS treated (n = 6). In the qualitative arm, the 24-h mortality in untreated rats (group II) was 31.5% compared to 5.1% in treated animals (groups II-V) (P = 0.01). No BT was detected in control animals (group I). BT after HS was not different between groups II, III, and IV (92.3%, 91.6%, and 100%, respectively). Group V showed fewer translocations than groups II-IV, a difference that was especially significant compared with group IV (P = 0.039). However, BT to distant sites (systemic blood and spleen) was significantly lower in group V than in groups II-IV (P < 0.05). In the quantitative arm, the mortality rate was 16.7% in the untreated group. Although no qualitative significant difference in the translocation rate was found between the two groups (67% in untreated animals vs. 50% in HTS treated), there was significant quantitative difference: in HTS-treated group a significantly lesser bacteria translocated than in untreated animals (0.4 x 10(5) cfu/g vs. 4.2 x 10(5) cfu/g, respectively [P = 0.001]). We concluded that whereas assessed qualitatively, in this model of severe HS in rats, the hemorrhagic insult itself resulted in BT in most animals and treatment with NS, HTS, and blood resulted in reduced early mortality but did not alter significantly the translocation rate. Only the combination of HTS and blood resulted in reduced BT to distant sites. However, quantitative assessment showed that HTS significantly reduced the number of translocating bacteria.     

集体心理治疗对住院慢性精神分裂症患者的康复效果

目的：探索集体心理治疗对住院慢性精神分裂症患者的疗效。方法：84例慢性精神分裂症患者分为心理组40例和对照组44例，均对症给予精神分裂症药物治疗；心理组并接受集体形式的讲座、讨论、问题解答等心理治疗。治疗前后采用90项症状清单（SCL-90）、阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）测评。结果：经过10个月的观察，心理组患者SCL-90和PANSS各因子分与治疗前及对照组比较均有改善，尤以阴性症状较明显。结论：集体心理治疗对住院慢性精神分裂症患者的康复有一定效果。