白血病细胞可溶性蛋白抗原诱导抗白血病作用

目的探讨白血病细胞可溶性蛋白抗原诱导的抗急性白血病的特异性CTL作用。方法采用急性粒细胞白血病细胞可溶性蛋白抗原致敏体外培养的DC,并通过MTT法测定CTL活性。结果利用反复冻融法可获取可溶性蛋白抗原;在效应细胞:靶细胞为20∶1时,可溶性蛋白抗原组CTL活性达(38.83%±5.42%),不同效靶比对CTL活性无明显影响。结论可溶性蛋白抗原可诱导产生一定程度的抗白血病特异性CTL,为急性白血病微小残留病免疫治疗提供了1种有临床应用前景的方法。     

卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3冻融抗原诱导CTL特异性杀瘤效应的研究

目的探讨卵巢癌冻融抗原对T淋巴细胞的增殖作用及其诱导的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)在体外杀伤卵巢癌细胞的抗原特异性细胞毒性效应。方法采用免疫磁珠分离法(magnetic activated cell sorting，MACS)分离纯化正常人外周血CD3^ 细胞，体外以SKOV3卵巢癌细胞中提取的可溶性肿瘤抗原加以刺激。溴标法检测肿瘤抗原对T细胞增殖的影响；MTT法测定肿瘤抗原诱导的CTL体外杀伤卵巢癌细胞的能力；利用绒毛膜癌细胞抗原对比观察肿瘤抗原诱导CTL杀伤肿瘤细胞的抗原特异性。结果卵巢癌细胞抗原有很强的促进T淋巴细胞增殖的作用，且存在时间依赖性，在24h时促进作用最强。SKOV3抗原诱导的CTL在体外对SKOV3细胞的杀伤率为68．38％，显著高于它对JAR绒毛膜癌细胞的杀伤率(18．31％)；而JAR细胞抗原诱导的CTL对JAR和SKOV3细胞的杀伤率分别为61．02％和14．79％，有显著的抗原特异性(P=0．0001)。结论卵巢癌细胞冻融抗原诱导的CTL在体外具有很强的增殖能力和抗原特异性杀伤卵巢癌细胞的作用。     

人脑胶质瘤特异性CTL的诱导及体外抗瘤活性的实验研究

细胞毒淋巴细胞(CTL)是体内重要的抗肿瘤效应细胞.克隆的CTL由于具有高效特异性杀伤肿瘤的特点,近年来越来越受到人们的瞩目;体外诱导肿瘤特异性CTL,并进行特异性过继免疫治疗也就成为肿瘤兔疫治疗研究的一个热点.     

DCs诱导特异性CTL抗非霍奇金淋巴瘤作用的研究

目的：探讨树突状细胞（dendritic cells,DCs）及经DCs诱导的肿瘤特异性CTL（cytotoxic T lympho-cyte,CTL）对杀伤非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）细胞的作用。方法：分选DCs,NHL细胞株（Raji）冲击DCs,诱导产生CTL,加入荧光标记的抗体100μl（分别为抗CD11a、CD86、CD83的单抗）,FACScan检测其表型,MTT检测其刺激淋巴细胞的能力。LDH释放实验检测DC诱导的CTL的杀伤作用。结果：DC可刺激T细胞增殖;CTL对Raji细胞有杀伤作用,CTL与Raji细胞比例为100：1、10：1时,对Raji细胞的杀伤率为（57.1±3.7）%、（35.8±6.2）%,两者有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论：DC及CTL对NHL能产生高效的杀伤作用。     

可溶性抗原联合超抗原诱导的 CTL 抗瘤作用的实验研究

目的:探讨肿瘤可溶性抗原联合超抗原SEC诱导的细胞毒性T细胞(CTLs)对肿瘤细胞杀伤机理.方法:外周血淋巴细胞经肿瘤可溶性抗原、超抗原SEC联合作用,进行体外培养.对其增殖、细胞因子分泌、杀瘤活性和形态学变化进行观察和测定.结果:经肿瘤可溶性抗原、超抗原SEC联合刺激的淋巴细胞组增殖活性最强,诱导的CTLs对靶细胞杀伤活性显著高于单纯淋巴细胞组(P＜0.05),对TSA来源的肺癌细胞具有选择性杀伤作用,能够诱导肿瘤细胞出现凋亡的形态学变化.结论:肿瘤可溶性抗原与超抗原SEC联合应用能诱导效应细胞明显增殖、活化、并产生高效特异性的抗肿瘤效果.     

可溶性抗原联合超抗原诱导的CTL抗瘤作用的实验研究

目的：探讨肿瘤可溶性抗原联合超抗原SEC诱导的细胞毒性T细胞（CTLs）对肿瘤细胞杀伤机理。方法：外周血淋巴细胞经肿瘤可溶性抗原、超抗原SEC联合作用,进行体外培养。对其增殖、细胞因子分泌、杀瘤活性和形态学变化进行观察和测定。结果：经肿瘤可溶性抗原、超抗原SEC联合刺激的淋巴细胞组增殖活性最强,诱导的CTLs对靶细胞杀伤活性显著高于单纯淋巴细胞组（P〈0．05）,对TSA来源的肺癌细胞具有选择性杀伤作用,能够诱导肿瘤细胞出现凋亡的形态学变化。结论：肿瘤可溶性抗原与超抗原SEC联合应用能诱导效应细胞明显增殖、活化、并产生高效特异性的抗肿瘤效果。     

脐血来源树突状细胞体外诱导抗卵巢癌免疫特异性

[目的]研究脐血来源树突状细胞(DC)体外诱导特异性抗卵巢癌细胞的免疫效应.[方法]①从脐血中分离单个核细胞(MNCs)后,获得单核细胞(Mo).粒单集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和白介素4(IL-4)诱导分化,培养7天后应用流式细胞仪进行细胞表型分析.②诱导单核细胞分化的第3天加入人卵巢癌细胞株3AO的冻融抗原,共培养4天后获得负载肿瘤抗原的成熟DC;将致敏DC与从脐血中分离的同种异体T淋巴细胞共培养3天,获得细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL);四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测CTL及上清对人卵巢癌细胞株3AO、人胚肾细胞株293T(对照细胞)、人肝癌细胞株HCCC-9810的细胞毒作用.[结果]①脐血来源单核细胞(Mo)在GM-CSF和IL-4作用下,7天后可分化生成成熟的DC,高表达DC特异性抗原CDla、CD80(B7-1)、CD86(B7-2)、HLA-DR、CD83.②DC可负载并递呈肿瘤抗原,激活同种异体T淋巴细胞,诱导肿瘤特异性CTL产生.不同浓度CTL及上清对卵巢癌细胞3AO有特异性杀伤、抑制作用(P＜0.05).[结论]脐血中单核细胞可体外分化扩增为成熟的功能性DC,并诱导出特异性杀伤卵巢癌细胞的免疫效应.     

人T淋巴细胞白血病不同细胞株的混合抗原肽诱导特异性CTLs细胞毒效应及其交叉反应性分析

目的探讨T淋巴细胞白血病不同细胞株的混合抗原肽诱导特异性抗瘤免疫的作用及不同细胞株混合抗原肽之间的交叉反应性。方法从不同白血病细胞株中分别制备混合抗原肽,与Hsp70体外结合,观察Hsp70-抗原肽复合物对人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的激活增殖作用;以激活增殖的PBMC为效应细胞,对不同的靶细胞进行体外杀伤试验。结果不同白血病细胞株的抗原肽为混合肽,经Hsp70提呈均能够有效激活PBMC,并能使激活的PBMC增殖,增殖活化的PBMC可以特异性杀伤与抗原肽对应的白血病细胞;Hut78-肽和Molt-4-肽激活的PBMC对Hut78细胞、Molt-4细胞和Jurkat细胞的细胞毒作用均显著高于HL-60-肽激活的PBMC(P<0.05)。而Hut78/Molt-4-肽激活的PBMC对Jurkat细胞的杀伤作用则显著高于Hut78-肽和Molt-4-肽单独激活的PBMC(P<0.05)。结论不同T淋巴细胞白血病细胞株来源的混合抗原肽均能够诱导特异性抗肿瘤免疫,其所含的抗原肽之间存在交叉性,通过多株来源的抗原肽混合,这种交叉性可以被放大。     

膀胱癌抗原和卡介苗诱导的T淋巴细胞的抗肿瘤作用

目的　探讨膀胱癌新的生物疗法。方法　采用盐析法提取可溶性膀胱癌抗原 ,联合卡介苗在体外诱导正常人外周血单核细胞 ,产生细胞毒T淋巴细胞 (CTL )。MTT法测定其体外细胞毒活性 ,并观察抑制裸鼠体内移植瘤生长的情况。结果　在体外 ,CTL对膀胱癌细胞和卵巢癌细胞的杀伤活性分别是 ( 96.3± 1.4) %和 ( 14 .2± 1.9) % (P <0 .0 1)。在体内 ,CTL组和未经处理的对照组比较 ,膀胱癌细胞移植到裸鼠体内的第 10天 ,肿瘤体积分别为 ( 4 0 .4± 18.2 )mm3 和 ( 2 2 0 .3± 3 1.2 )mm3 (P <0 .0 1) ,裸鼠平均生存期分别为 3 2 .5天和 16.3天 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　膀胱癌抗原和卡介苗诱导产生的CTL ,在体外和体内均有较强的细胞毒作用 ,能明显抑制肿瘤生长。     

超抗原SEA增强PMLRARalpha多肽体外诱导特异性CTL杀伤活性的机制

 目的探讨超抗原SEA体外增强PML-RARα多肽诱导特异性CTL杀伤活性的机制。方法分别将SEA、PML-RARα多肽以及SEA联合PML-RARα多肽与正常人外周血单个核细胞共同培养,利用CCK-8比色法检测诱导后T细胞对NB4和K562细胞株杀伤活性,同时利用流式细胞术测定诱导T细胞表面CD4与CD8表达情况。结果诱导后第20天,SEA能明显增强PML-RARα多肽特异性杀伤NB4细胞株的作用。诱导后第5、10、20天动态检测表明,多肽及SEA联合多肽组CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值逐渐降低,其中SEA联合PML-RARα多肽诱导组降低最显著。结论超抗原SEA能明显增强PML-RARα多肽体外诱导特异性CD8+T细胞的增殖与特异性的杀伤作用。     

Reduction of End-stage Malignant Glioma by Injection with Autologous Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against primary-cultured malignant gliomas were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro in 4 patients. Activities of the CTL were highly specific to the corresponding autologous glioma and were inhibited, in one patient, with antibodies against CD3, CD8 and MHC-class I molecules. When the CTL were injected 3 times into the primary-tumor-resected cavity via an Ommaya tube, reduction of the recurrent tumors with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured volumes exceeding 45 cm³ was observed in 3 patients. In a patient with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the tumor volume (estimated, 130 cm³) was rapidly reduced to 1/3, although re-recurrence of the tumor followed 40 days later. A slight but distinct rapid reduction of the tumor volume was observed in another GBM patient and in an anaplastic astrocytoma patient; essentially no change was observed in a further GBM patient. These results suggest that adoptive immunotherapy with autologous CTL will be clinically effective against end-stage malignant gliomas.     

体外诱导的粘蛋白抗原特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗乳腺癌的研究

目的 制备携带粘蛋白(MUC1)抗原基因的重组腺相关病毒(AAV/MUC1),研究其感染树突状细胞(DC)所诱导的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞的活性.方法 应用分子生物学方法制备高低度的重组腺相关病毒(AAV/MUC1).AAV/MUC1体外感染外周血单核细胞,诱导分化为DC.DC与T淋巴细胞混合,刺激产生CTL.流式细胞技术检测DC和CTL的分化和功能指标,MTS方法检测CTL的杀伤活性和特异性.结果 成功制备的重组病毒(AAV/MUC1)滴度为6×1010拷贝/ml.感染单核细胞率为84.27%.所获得的CTL对MUC1阳性的乳腺癌细胞株的杀伤率为(46.32±0.07)%.其杀伤作用具有MUC1抗原特异性和MHC-I类分子限制性的特征.结论 以MUC1抗原为靶点的CTL可有效地杀伤乳腺癌细胞,为乳腺癌提供了一条新的治疗途径.     

Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen-A2-restricted and Tumor-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes of a Patient with Testicular Embryonal Cancer

T lymphocytes play an important role in tumor rejection. To understand T cell-mediated specific immunity at the tumor site of testicular embryonal cancer, we investigated whether interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of a patient with testicular embryonal cancer show histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxicity. We established a CD3⁺CD4^-CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) line from the IL-2-activated TIL of a 37-year-old patient with testicular embryonal cancer. A 6 h ⁵¹Cr-release assay was performed to measure the cytotoxicity of the CTL. The CD3⁺CD4^-CD8⁺ CTL line showed cytotoxicity against HLA-A2⁺ tumor cells, including freshly isolated autologous tumor cells, adenocarcinoma cell lines from various organs (lung, breast, pancreas, colon and kidney) and squamous cell carcinomas (esophagus and oral cavity). No other cell lines examined, including an autologous tumor cell line and HLA-A2" tumor cell lines, were lysed by this CTL line. These results suggest the existence of HLA-A2-restricted and tumor-specific CTL at the tumor site of testicular embryonal cancer.     

Dendritic Cells Induce Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes against Prostate Cancer TRAMP-C2 Cells Loaded with Freezethaw Antigen and PEP-3 Peptide

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. In this study, we investigated immune responses of cytotoxicT lymphocytes (CTLs) against TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer cells after activation by dendritic cells (DCs) loadedwith TRAMP-C2 freeze-thaw antigen and/or PEP-3 peptide in vitro. Bone marrow-derived DC from the bonemarrow of the C57BL/6 were induced to mature by using the cytokine of rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4, and loadedwith either the freeze-thaw antigen or PEP-3 peptide or both of them. Maturation of DCs was detected by flowcytometry. The killing efficiency of the CTLs on TRAMP-C2 cells were detected by flow cytometry, CCK8,colony formation, transwell migration, and wound-healing assay. The levels of the IFN-γ, TNF-β and IL-12were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the unloaded DCs, the loadedDCs had significantly increased expression of several phenotypes related to DC maturation. CTLs activatedby DCs loaded with freeze-thaw antigen and PEP-3 peptide had more evident cytotoxicity against TRAMP-C2cells in vitro. The secretion levels of IFN-γ, TNF-β and IL-12, secreted by DCs loaded with antigen and PEP-3and interaction with T cells, were higher than in the other groups. Our results suggest that the CTLs activatedby DCs loaded with TRAMP-C2 freeze-thaw antigen and PEP-3 peptide exert a remarkable killing efficiencyagainst TRAMP-C2 cells in vitro.     

Cytotoxicity of Cord Blood Derived Her2/neu-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes against Human Breast Cancer in vitro and in vivo

The Her2/neu oncogene encodes a transmembrane protein with homology to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Overexpression of this gene contributes to the aggressiveness of breast cancer and poor prognosis. Therefore, Her2/neu is an ideal target molecule for generating effective cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against breast cancers. This study reports on the generation of Her2/neu-specific CTL from umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCBC) using dendritic cells primed with Her2/neu-derived peptide (KIFGSLAFL, E75) for immunostimulation. The CTLs showed specific cytotoxicity to Her2/neu high expressing MDA-453 but not toward Her2/neu low expressing MDA-231 human breast cancer cells. Similarly generated CTLs stimulated with irrelevant peptide pulsed dendritic cells did not show significant cytotoxicity towards breast cancer targets. The phenotypes of cells in culture showed high percentage of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+T cells as determined by flow cytometry. However, the antibody mediated blocking assay demonstrated that only HLA-Class I restricted CD8+ cells are involved in the cytotoxicity. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that treatment of SCID mice bearing MDA-453 tumor with Her2/neu-specific CTLs resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth compared to untreated tumor bearing control mice. These results demonstrate that human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells are a good source for generating Her2/neu-specific CTLs against human breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo.     

大肠癌患者手术前后T细胞及其活化抗原表达的变化与临床意义

研究大肠癌患者围手术期的免疫状态。应用流式细胞仪检测３５例大肠癌患者手术前后Ｔ细胞表面６种抗原标志，并与良性病变患者进行对比分析。结果大肠癌患者术前ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８、ＣＤ１６、ＣＤ６９均低于对照组，ＣＤ８高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＣＤ３＋／ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＋与对照组相同；术后ＣＤ８降低，ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８、ＣＤ１６、ＣＤ６９、ＣＤ３＋／ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＋均升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），活化Ｔ细胞ＣＤ３＋／ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＋明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。大肠癌患者术前免疫功能低下，术后活化Ｔ细胞明显增多，切除肿瘤有益于改善患者细胞免疫功能，故减瘤手术是必要的。     

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to peptide vaccination predicts survival in stage III colorectal cancer

We previously reported a phase I clinical trial of a peptide vaccine ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) and 34‐kDa translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOMM34) combined with uracil‐tegafur (UFT)/LV for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), and demonstrated the safety and immunological responsiveness of this combination therapy. In this study, we evaluated vaccination‐induced immune responses to clarify the survival benefit of the combination therapy as adjuvant treatment. We enrolled 44 patients initially in an HLA‐masked fashion. After the disclosure of HLA, 28 patients were in the HLA‐A*2402‐matched and 16 were in the unmatched group. In the HLA‐matched group, 14 patients had positive CTL responses specific for the RNF43 and/or TOMM34 peptides after 2 cycles of treatment and 9 had negative responses; in the HLA‐unmatched group, 10 CTL responses were positive and 2 negative. In the HLA‐matched group, 3‐year relapse‐free survival (RFS) was significantly better in the positive CTL subgroup than in the negative‐response subgroup. Patients with negative vaccination‐induced CTL responses showed a significant trend towards shorter RFS than those with positive responses. Moreover, in the HLA‐unmatched group, the positive CTL response subgroup showed an equally good 3‐year RFS as in the HLA‐matched group. In conclusion, vaccination‐induced CTL response to peptide vaccination could predict survival in the adjuvant setting for stage III CRC.     

BCR-ABL Fusion Peptides and Cytotoxic T Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

The BCR-ABL gene that arises in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a neoantigen. Peptides derived from the BCR-ABL fusion junction may therefore be immunogenic, if appropriately presented to the immune system. This article reviews data demonstrating that certain junctional peptides will bind to HLA molecules, and that these peptides will elicit specific T-lymphocyte responses in vitro, in both normal subjects and in CML patients. The clinical relevance of these observations is discussed.