小肠原发性恶性淋巴瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨原发性小肠恶性淋巴瘤的CT诊断价值。方法 11例均行CT平扫,8例加做增强扫描,扫描层厚、层距均为10mm。结果 11例肿瘤,发病部位以回肠最常见,占10例。肠壁环形增厚型7例,其中5例见肠腔呈动脉瘤样扩张;肠腔内息肉样肿块型4例,3例继发肠套叠。该2型同时伴有肠系膜淋巴结多发肿在7例,其中1例见“夹心面包征”;受累肠段显著较长或呈多发节段性分布4例。CT初诊肿瘤检出9例,定性诊断准确7例。结论 肠壁增厚型和肠腔内息肉样肿块型是小肠原发性淋巴瘤的2种主要CT表现类型,伴有肠系膜淋巴结多发肿大的肠壁增厚或肠腔内分叶状肿块、“动脉瘤样肠腔扩张征”、“夹心面包征”、受累肠段较长及呈多发节段性分布是小肠原发性淋巴瘤的主要特征性CT表现,具有较可靠的定性诊断价值。     

不典型肠系膜囊肿的CT表现与病理分析

目的探讨分析不典型肠系膜囊肿(MC)的CT影像表现特点与临床特征,以提高对该病的认识和诊断水平。方法对收治的7例经病理证实为不典型肠系膜囊肿的CT资料、病理及临床特征进行分析,其中包括巨大肠系膜囊肿3例,肠系膜囊肿并出血2例,肠系膜囊肿伴感染2例,观察其CT影像特征与临床、病理特点的表现进行相关性分析。结果CT上主要表现为腹腔内肠外囊性灶,3例巨大囊性病灶,几乎占据腹腔,囊壁菲薄,边界清,无壁结节;复杂囊肿4例,囊内合并出血及囊壁增厚伴感染各2例,其中囊肿伴感染表现为囊内密度略增高,周围边界模糊,囊壁增厚,增强后囊壁强化;囊肿伴出血表现为囊腔内高密度影,增强扫描内容物都无强化。正确诊断2例,误诊5例,其中误诊为卵巢囊腺瘤2例,脓肿1例,腹膜后神经源性肿瘤1例及畸胎瘤1例。误诊原因主要是缺乏对不典型肠系膜囊肿CT表现的认识,忽略了囊肿来源与外因等因素所致。结论不典型肠系膜囊肿有不典型CT表现,易误诊。注意管观察病灶来源及周围脏器情况,加之增强扫描可显著提高CT定性诊断的准确性。     

16层螺旋CT诊断肠克罗恩病临床分析(附9例报告)

目的 探讨肠克罗恩病的CT诊断特征.方法 回顾性分析9例经病理或临床证实的肠克罗恩病CT表现.结果 9例肠克罗恩病均表现为节段性分布肠壁肿胀、增厚,肠腔狭窄,增强后肠壁快速强化,周围肠系膜血管扩张.结论 肠克罗恩病具有一定的CT特征,16层螺旋CT扫描能更好的观察肠壁及肠壁外病变,确诊需依赖病理.     

CT在克隆氏病诊断中的应用

目的:评价CT在克隆氏病诊断中的价值。方法:对14例经病理证实的克隆氏病的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果:所有病例均可见肠壁环形或不规则增厚、肠腔变形、狭窄。6例伴小肠梗阻;2例伴回肠末段不规则炎性肿块;2例见瘘管形成。结论:CT可提供克隆氏病的小肠梗阻平面,病变的范围及并发症等信息。     

十二指肠恶性肿瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的　探讨十二指肠恶性肿瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断。方法　回顾性分析 2 0例手术病理证实的十二指肠恶性肿瘤的CT平扫和增强资料。结果　原发十二指肠恶性肿瘤 8例 ,其中十二指肠腺癌 3例 ,恶性淋巴瘤 2例 ,恶性间质瘤 3例 ;十二指肠继发性恶性肿瘤 12例 ,其中壶腹癌 3例 ,胰头癌 8例 ,胰腺无功能性神经内分泌癌 1例。十二指肠腺癌CT表现为肠腔局限性不规则环状狭窄伴软组织肿块 ,增强扫描肿块有中度强化 ;恶性淋巴瘤的特点是长范围的肠壁增厚或肠腔外肿块 ,增强扫描肿块有轻度强化 ;恶性间质瘤的特点是巨大软组织肿块伴明显、不均匀强化 ,肠梗阻不明显。壶腹癌表现为十二指肠降部内侧壁的局限性肿块 ,增强有轻中度强化 ,伴肝内外胆管扩张 ;胰头癌累及十二指肠表现为十二指肠内侧壁凹凸不平 ,邻近的胰头部肿块 ,增强扫描不强化 ,伴肝内外胆管扩张 ;胰腺无功能性神经内分泌癌侵及十二指肠表现为胰头部巨大肿块伴明显强化 ,肝内外胆管不扩张 ,肿块与十二指肠分界不清。结论　CT检查对十二指肠恶性肿瘤有重要的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。     

结肠恶性肿瘤少见CT表现及病理基础

目的:探讨结肠恶性肿瘤少见CT表现及其病理基础。方法:描述这15例结肠恶性肿瘤CT、MRI表现,并与临床病理作探讨分析。15个病例中有2例只做CT平扫,其余均行CT平扫加增强,所有病例作多平面重建(MPR)观察,另有1例做了MRI检查。结果:15例结肠肿瘤包括结肠粘液腺癌3例,其中1例为结肠多发癌灶;绒毛状腺瘤癌变4例;低分化腺癌3例,其中2例为胃、大小肠或结肠多发低分化腺癌;直肠腺癌并直肠套叠2例;结肠恶性淋巴瘤3例。对照手术病理,CT诊断符合率53.3%,误诊原因主要是忽略了对肠癌肠壁增厚及其它特征性表现的观察。结论:结肠恶性肿瘤一些影像表现容易混淆,如对肠壁病灶作仔细分析并结合临床病史可以提高诊断的准确性。     

The value of CT in diagnosing primary malignant duodenal tumors

目的:探讨CT在原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中的诊断及鉴别诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者的CT检查资料,并与手术病理结果进行对照.结果:36例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中十二指肠腺癌30例,恶性问质瘤3例,恶性淋巴瘤1例,神经内分泌癌2例.十二指肠腺癌CT表现为十二指肠局部软组织肿块影,伴肠腔不规则狭窄;恶性问质瘤CT表现多为较大软组织肿块,有明显强化,肿块多腔外生长;恶性淋巴瘤CT表现肿瘤累及肠管范围较长,肠壁增厚明显,呈轻一中度强化,但肠梗阻症状不明显;神经内分泌癌CT表现软组织肿块或结节影,强化较明显.结论:CT检查对原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤有重要的诊断价值及鉴别诊断价值.     

CT在原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值

目的:探讨CT在原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者的CT检查资料,并与手术病理结果进行对照。结果:36例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中十二指肠腺癌30例,恶性间质瘤3例,恶性淋巴瘤1例,神经内分泌癌2例。十二指肠腺癌CT表现为十二指肠局部软组织肿块影,伴肠腔不规则狭窄;恶性间质瘤CT表现多为较大软组织肿块,有明显强化,肿块多腔外生长;恶性淋巴瘤CT表现肿瘤累及肠管范围较长,肠壁增厚明显,呈轻-中度强化,但肠梗阻症状不明显;神经内分泌癌CT表现软组织肿块或结节影,强化较明显。结论:CT检查对原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤有重要的诊断价值及鉴别诊断价值。     

阑尾原发肿瘤的CT诊断

目的评价阑尾原发肿瘤的CT表现。方法对27例经手术病理证实的阑尾原发肿瘤患者的腹盆部CT进行回顾性分析:记录肿物大小、肿物形态(肿物长短径比例大于1.5者为长管状)、肿物密度(肿物密度分为囊性、实性),囊性肿物囊壁厚度、囊壁有无钙化、肿物浆膜面表现,周围脂肪间隙改变,有无淋巴结转移及远处器官转移。结果 27例阑尾原发肿瘤,其中黏液性囊腺瘤11例、交界恶性囊腺瘤3例,黏液性囊腺癌10例、腺癌3例,良性者多表现为囊性肿物,恶性者伴囊壁增厚、强化,腹水、腹腔假黏液瘤的比例增加。结论 CT是发现阑尾原发肿瘤的有效检查方法,多表现为阑尾囊性肿物,可伴发腹腔假黏液瘤,术前CT检查对正确诊断有帮助。     

CT对右下腹占位性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨CT对右下腹占位性病变的诊断价值。材料与方法 对54例临床考虑为右下腹肿瘤或非肿瘤性病变的患者行CT检查,除1例回盲部肠结核外,均经手术及病理证实。结果 54例中恶性病变38,其CT表现为软组织肿块和弥漫性肠壁增厚,包括肠外压性软组织肿块,肠周浸润,增强扫描检查呈明显均匀或不均匀强化。良性病变16例,主要是炎症性病变,CT表现为肠壁增厚,周围腹膜增厚,少有软组织肿块,轻或中等度强化。结论 CT对右下腹的肿瘤和非肿瘤性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断具有一定的价值。     

Intestinal metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma: helical CT findings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the helical CT findings of intestinal metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma. METHOD: Twenty-three patients with intestinal metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma found at helical CT were included. CT findings and clinical and pathologic data were reviewed. RESULTS: The most common characteristic finding was target-like concentric bowel wall thickening (thick inner high-outer low, n = 18) involving multiple long segments with progressive thickening of the enhancing inner layer. Fifteen cases (65%) involved multiple sites, and the ascending colon (n = 12) and rectum (n = 11) were the two most common sites. Peritoneal carcinomatosis (n = 15, 65%) and bowel obstruction (n = 14, 61%) were common associated findings. Regarding the primary lesion, the majority was linitis plastica (n = 16) and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with or without signet-ring cell differentiation (n = 14). CONCLUSION: Intestinal metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma, especially of the linitis plastica type, most commonly showed target-like long segmental wall thickening with a characteristically thick inner enhancing layer on helical CT.     

CT evaluation of gastrointestinal tract perforation

The purpose of this study is to review the computed tomography (CT) appearance of gastrointestinal tract (GI) perforation. Forty-two patients with 10 cases of proximal GI perforation and 32 cases of distal GI perforation were evaluated based on the CT findings of extraluminal air (which was subdivided into the CT-falciform ligament sign crossing the midline and scattered pockets of air), bowel wall thickening (>8 mm in gastroduodenal wall, >3 mm in the small bowel wall, >6 mm in the caliber of the appendix and >5 mm in the colonic wall), associated abscess formation, ascites and adjacent fat stranding. The results were compared using Fisher's Exact Test. Detection of extraluminal air in the upright plain films and CT was analyzed by Z test. Our results showed that CT-falciform ligament sign was more frequent in the proximal GI perforation, while pockets of extraluminal air (excluding the cases accompanying CT-falciform ligament sign), bowel wall thickening and fat stranding were found in higher incidence in distal GI perforation (P<.05). CT detected extraluminal air in more cases than the upright plain films did (69% vs. 19%; Z=4.62>Z(0.01)=2.326). We concluded that CT is a good imaging tool to differentiate the various GI perforations.     

原发性阑尾肿瘤的CT诊断

目的评价原发性阑尾肿瘤的CT表现.方法对24例经手术和病理证实的原发性阑尾肿瘤病人的腹部CT进行回顾性分析,记录阑尾直径、阑尾壁厚度、阑尾腔内改变及阑尾浆膜面改变等,并注意盲肠、末段回肠、阑尾周围脂肪改变和腹腔淋巴结肿大等.结果24例原发性阑尾肿瘤为黏液性腺瘤(n=11)、黏液性腺癌(n=5)、结肠型腺癌(n=4)和类癌(n=4).阑尾最大直径为12 mm～52 mm,19例(79%)最大直径超过15 mm;阑尾壁最大厚度3 mm～16 mm,13例(58%)在5 mm以上;10例(42%)可见阑尾腔内肿块阑尾内壁不规则隆起,1例(4%)可见阑尾表面外突性肿块.使用阑尾肿块/囊状扩张/直径大于15 mm的综合标准诊断率为92%.如附加阑尾壁厚度大于5 mm的标准则诊断率为100%.结论CT是发现阑尾肿瘤的有效方法,表现为阑尾肿块、阑尾腔囊状扩张、直径大于15 mm和壁厚超过5 mm.     

Small bowell volvulus - combined radiological findings]

PURPOSE: We retrospectively evaluated the radiological findings observed at plain abdominal film, abdominal sonography and abdominal CT performed in 66 patients with surgically proven small bowel volvulus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-six patients (35 women and 31 men, ranging in age 38-77 years) with surgically proven small bowel volvulus were submitted to plain film, sonography and CT of the abdomen. Abdominal plain film was performed in the upright position (postero-anterior view) in 46 cases, and in the supine position in 20 cases. On plain abdominal film we evaluated the following findings: bowel loops dilatation, air-fluid levels and site of obstruction. At abdominal US, performed with 3.5 e 7.5 MHz probes, we retrospectively searched for: bowel loop dilatation, bowel wall thickening, peristalsis alteration, extraluminal fluid. CT was performed with a helical unit (thickness 4 mm, reconstruction interval 4 mm, pitch 1.5), after intravenous contrast agent (120 ml) infusion (3 ml/s, 55 s acquisition delay from bolus starting) and using a power injector. The following CT findings were searched for: whirl sign, beak sign, extraluminal fluid, bowel loop dilatation, bowel wall thickening, bowel wall or mesenteric alterations. RESULTS: Plain abdominal film showed the following findings: air-fluid levels (92.4% of cases), bowel loops dilatation (71.2%), site of obstruction (42.4%). Abdominal sonography demonstrated bowel loop dilatation (48.5%), extraluminal fluid (48.5%), peristalsis alteration (27.3%), bowel wall thickening (27.3%). The most frequent CT findings were: bowel loop dilatation (95.5%), bowel wall thickening (78.8%), beak sign (69.7%), mesenteric alterations (66.7%), extraluminal fluid (54.5%), whirl sign (13.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Air-fluid levels and bowel loop dilatation were the most frequent radiological findings in our series. Plain abdominal film allowed us to identify signs of obstruction, whereas signs of bowel wall necrosis were accurately shown by abdominal CT.     

腹膜假性黏液瘤CT诊断(附21例报告)

目的:探讨腹膜假性黏液瘤的CT表现,提高对本病的认识.方法:搜集经手术、病理证实的腹膜假性黏液瘤21例,回顾性分析其CT表现.结果:21例中原发瘤恶性8例,其中卵巢黏液囊腺癌3例,阑尾黏液囊腺癌4例,结肠黏液腺癌1例;良性13例,其中阑尾黏液囊腺瘤4例,阑尾黏液囊肿2例,卵巢黏液囊腺瘤6例,胰腺黏液囊腺瘤1例.CT平扫见肝脾等实质脏器边缘扇贝样或结节状压迹,腹腔不规则囊实性肿块,CT值19.9～25.8 HU;脏器周围、网膜间隙、腹腔、盆腔见大量黏液性腹水,CT值10～15 HU;腹膜增厚,厚度1.0～2.0 cm;增强扫描显示囊实性病变仅见囊壁、网膜、腹膜轻度强化,囊内病灶无明显强化.结论:腹膜假性黏液瘤CT表现具有一定的特征,是诊断腹膜假性黏液瘤的重要方法.     

回盲部肿瘤的CT表现与病理对照分析

目的：探讨回盲部肿瘤病变的CT表现,以提高诊断准确性。方法：收集9例经手术病理证实的回盲部肿瘤病变,对其CT表现与病理结果作回顾性分析。结果：9例中,恶性肿瘤7例,包括腺癌4例（管状腺癌3例,黏液腺癌1例）,恶性淋巴瘤2例,转移瘤1例;2例为良性肿瘤,脂肪瘤、腺瘤各1例。恶性肿瘤CT表现多为回盲部不规则肿块,肠壁增厚显著,肠腔狭窄,呈中等或显著强化;良性肿瘤CT表现则多为不对称肿块,边界清楚,不强化或轻微强化。转移瘤则多有浸润性病变。结论：回盲部肿瘤病变类型多样,CT表现具有一定的特征性,熟悉CT表现有助于提高诊断准确性,为临床治疗提供帮助。     

CT features of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with acute abdominal pain: emphasis on ischemic bowel disease

PURPOSE: To evaluate the computed tomographic (CT) features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients with acute abdominal pain. Special emphasis was placed on the analysis of ischemic bowel disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the images from 39 abdominal CT examinations performed in 33 patients with SLE and acute abdominal pain. Images were evaluated for bowel wall changes, mesenteric changes, fluid collection, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, peritoneal enhancement, and hepatomegaly as well as for changes in other abdominal organs. Ischemic bowel disease was diagnosed if at least three of the following signs were seen: bowel wall thickening, target sign, dilatation of intestinal segments, engorgement of mesenteric vessels, and increased attenuation of mesenteric fat. RESULTS: Thirty-one (79%) of the 39 examinations had CT findings diagnostic of ischemic bowel disease, including symmetric bowel wall thickening (n = 29), target sign (n = 26), and mesenteric vascular engorgement and haziness (n = 31). In 24 cases, bowel wall thickening was multifocal, with variable length, and did not appear to be confined to a single vascular territory. CONCLUSION: The most common CT finding in patients with SLE and acute abdominal pain is ischemic bowel disease. CT is useful for detecting the primary cause of gastrointestinal symptoms, planning treatment, and monitoring for infarction or perforation.     

Is it Crohn's disease or intestinal tuberculosis? CT analysis

A computed tomographic (CT) analysis of 36 patients with differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis (IT) or Crohn's disease (CD) in barium gastrointestinal studies was undertaken to identify distinguishing bowel wall or mesenteric features which could provide a radiological definitive diagnosis. Final diagnoses obtained in 32 cases were tuberculosis (N=18), CD (N=9), carcinoid (N=2), chronic appendicitis (N=2) and bowel infarction (N=1). In IT, the bowel wall changes were varied: absence of wall thickening (N=6), minimal asymmetric wall thickening with and without mucosal tethering (N=8), minimal symmetric wall thickening often with mild peritonitis (N=3), exophytic mass encircling bowel lumen (N=4). Mural stratification (target sign) was not found. CD showed concentric or symmetrical wall thickening ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 mm and mural stratification occurred in about a half of the cases. Lymphadenopathy was the commonest associated feature in both but in IT, the nodes were larger and a third had necrotic centers. Displacement of bowel loops was more often due to enlarged lymphadenopathy in IT while in CD it was frequently due to fibrofatty change. CT was able to provide the correct diagnosis in 26 out of these 32 (81%) cases of indeterminate barium studies. CT is recommended when barium gastrointestinal studies are unable to differentiate between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease.     

原发性十二指肠腺癌的CT与低张十二指肠造影表现的比较

目的 探讨十二指肠腺癌的CT表现,并与低张十二指肠造影（hypotonic duodenography,HD)比较,评估各自的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析16例经病理证实的十二指肠癌的CT和HD表现。结果 主要CT征象为腔内肿块、肠癌增厚、坏死。4例示溃疡。周围脏器浸润11例,淋巴结和肝转移各2例。HD所测肿瘤大小与手术结果基本符合,14例均见不规则充盈缺损、黏膜破坏,7例示溃疡。结论 CT可显示腔内病变、腔外浸润及转移。HD观察腔内异常优于CT。     

绞窄性肠梗阻的螺旋CT增强扫描征象分析

目的:分析螺旋CT增强扫描图像上绞窄性肠梗阻的征象,提高对绞窄性肠梗阻术前诊断的准确性.方法:64例手术证实的绞窄性肠梗阻病例纳入研究,男43例,女21例,年龄23～72岁,平均42岁.采用单排螺旋CT进行全腹部扫描,对比剂以2～3ml/s速度注射,注射后60s扫描,层厚10mm.参照术中所见,回顾性分析上述CT资料,包括:①间接征象:肠腔扩张积液,肠壁增厚及肠壁密度改变(靶征),肠系膜脂肪水肿及渗出(缆绳征),肠系膜血管增粗并肠系膜扭曲(漩涡征),肠壁间、肠系膜间及门静脉积气,腹水;②直接征象:肠系膜上动脉或上静脉充盈缺损.结果:正确诊断54例,正确率82.8％.CT显示肠腔扩张积液47例(73％),其中6例积液呈高密度提示肠腔内积血(9.3％);肠壁水肿增厚19例(29.6％),其中11例增强后肠壁密度不匀,呈“靶征”(17％),8例肌壁未见强化(12.5％);肠系膜脂肪水肿及渗出(缆绳征)43例(67％),肠系膜血管增粗并肠系膜扭曲呈“漩涡”状9例(14％),肠壁间积气、肠系膜积气各1例,门静脉积气2例,腹水31例(48.4％).肠系膜上动脉或上静脉充盈缺损3例.结论:绞窄性肠梗阻CT表现有一定特征,可做出提示性诊断.