无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭

近年来，无创正压机械通气（NIPPV）在慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）中越来越得到广泛的应用。2003年6月-2006年10月本院呼吸科对COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的患者，采用双水平气道正压（BiPAP）呼吸机经口鼻面罩气道正压治疗，取得较好疗效，现报告如下。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭

近年来,无创正压机械通气(NIPPV)在慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)中越来越得到广泛的应用.2003年6月～2006年10月本院呼吸科对COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的患者,采用双水平气道正压(BiPAP)呼吸机经口鼻面罩气道正压治疗,取得较好疗效,现报告如下.     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭合并肺大泡

无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)引起的呼吸衰竭(以下简称呼衰)已取得肯定疗效，但用于合并肺大泡的病人，由于可能造成肺大泡破裂，在临床上是禁忌的。我们在呼吸重症监护病房(RICU)应用NIPPV治疗COPD呼衰合并肺大泡时，采取合理的通气策略，取得了良好效果。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的 探讨无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床疗效.方法 2005年1月至2009年12月对本院收治的120例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者在常规治疗的同时,应用双水平正压呼吸机(BiPAP)行无创通气治疗.观察患者通气治疗前、通气治疗2h、24h及通气治疗结束时的动脉血气参数变化,并记录临床好转率.结果 本组120例患者中,明显好转103例,好转率为85 00%.与治疗前相比,通气治疗2h、24h及治疗结束时,PaO2明显升高(P<0 05),PaCO2明显下降(P<0 05).结论 早期行无创正压通气可以有效治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭.     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭的临床分析

无创正压通气(NIPPV)作为安全有效的呼吸支持方式在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者急性加重期的治疗中取得了一定效果。作者总结了30例不同病情COPD呼吸衰竭患者的NIPPV治疗情况，旨在进一步探讨NIPPV治疗COPD呼吸衰竭的临床实用性，并评价治疗效果。     

无创正压机械通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭治疗中的意义

无创正压机械通气（NIPPV）是救治呼吸衰竭的有效手段，无创正压机械通气的方法相对简便，经济负担小，患者易于接受。在临床的应用日趋广泛，应用指征逐渐扩展，在急慢性呼吸衰竭的救治中发挥越来越重要的作用。我们对26例慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）并发呼吸衰竭早期使用无创正压机械通气的疗效进行了分析，现总结如下。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病所致的严重呼吸衰竭

近年来，经（口）鼻面罩的无创通气（NPPV）广泛应用，本文总结了我院3年来应用NPPV治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）所致的呼吸衰竭的经验。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭临床分析

目的:评价无创正压通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病引起的呼吸衰竭的治疗价值。方法:回顾性分析35例伴严重Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期患者的临床资料。结果:无创正压通气3h可迅速改善患者的血气(P<0.05),24～72h可获进一步改善(P<0.01)。治疗成功率88.6%。结论:无创正压通气对以高二氧化碳血症为主要表现的慢性阻塞性肺部疾病并重度呼吸衰竭的患者有良好的治疗效果,对于二氧化碳的排出效果明显。     

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with COPD]

There is sufficient clinical evidence to justify the use of long-term NPPV in selected patients with COPD who have daytime hypercapnia complicated by nocturnal hypoventilation that can be reversed with NPPV. In those patients, NPPV can improve their arterial blood gases and symptoms, reduce their hospital stay, and increase their QOL. In selected COPD patients with acute exacerbation, NPPV can decrease rates of tracheal intubation leading to reduced mortality. For maximal effectiveness, NPPV must be used early in the course of the respiratory failure (less severe levels of acidosis).     

无创正压通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病所致严重呼吸衰竭机械通气脱机过程中的应用

目的 探讨无创正压通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发呼吸衰竭患者有创机械通气撤机后的应用时机及治疗效果.方法 选择36例COPD患者,随机选取18例行气管插管机械通气并作为实验组,以同步间歇指令通气(SIMV) 压力支持通气(PSV) 呼气末正压(PEEP)方式行机械通气,待肺部感染控制窗出现,拔除气管插管,改为经面罩BIPAP无创通气,逐渐脱机.余18例做为对照组,行常规有创通气,最后以PSV方式至撤机.现察两组病例的呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的发生例数、病死率、机械通气天数、总住院天数、动脉血气分析.结果 实验组住院时间少于对照组,(21.1±1.8)天vs(27.1±1.4)天(P<0.05);机械通气时间为(11.4±0.8)天vs(14.8±2.4)天(P<0.05);呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率为0 vs 5例(P<0.01);死亡例数为1例vs 4倒.实验组撤机前后血气分析比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组撤机后pH降低、PaCO2升高(P<0.05).结论 对COPD并发呼吸衰竭患者采用早期有创机械通气,序贯应用无创正压通气可以显著降低VAP发生率,提高撤机成功率,缩短住院时间.     

无创正压通气结合呼吸功能锻炼对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺康复效果分析

目的 对比单纯无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗,与NIPPV结合呼吸功能锻炼对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者肺康复的效果.方法 抽取2017年6月至2019年6月期间常熟市第二人民医院呼吸内科收治的稳定期慢阻肺患者80例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组与研究组,各40例.在常规治疗基础上对照组行NIPPV治疗,研究...     

双水平气道正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并冠心病患者呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的 探讨应用双水平气道正压（BiPAP）通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并冠心病患者呼吸衰竭的疗效及对循环系统的影响。方法 将合并有冠心病的COPD呼吸衰竭患者随机分为2组，常规治疗组予以常规治疗，BiPAP治疗组在常规治疗基础上应用BiPAP通气治疗，观察2组疗效及病情变化。结果 BiPAP通气治疗组疗效明显优于常规组，尤其能使动脉二氧化碳分压下降，且对血流动力学无明显影响。结论 BiPAP通气治疗是COPD合并冠心病患者呼吸衰竭的有效治疗方法，且不会使冠心病病情恶化。     

Noninvasive bilevel positive pressure ventilation in severe acute pulmonary edema

Severe acute pulmonary edema is a medical emergency that requires immediate action on the part of the health care provider. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation remain the primary method of respiratory support in the most severe cases when respiratory failure ensues. Two cases of respiratory failure resulting from severe acute pulmonary edema are presented in which mechanical ventilation was indicated but the patients were treated instead with noninvasive bilevel positive pressure ventilation, which subsequently reversed their inspiratory failure. The use of noninvasive bilevel positive pressure ventilation in the emergency treatment of respiratory failure secondary to severe acute pulmonary edema is discussed.     

Noninvasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) should be considered a standard of care to treat COPD exacerbations in selected patients, because NPPV markedly reduces the need for intubation and improves outcomes, including lowering complication and mortality rates and shortening hospital stay. Weaker evidence indicates that NPPV is beneficial for COPD patients suffering respiratory failure precipitated by superimposed pneumonia or postoperative complications, to allow earlier extubation, to avoid re-intubation in patients who fail extubation, or to assist do-not-intubate patients. NPPV patient-selection guidelines help to identify patients who need ventilatory assistance and exclude patients who are too ill to safely use NPPV. Predictors of success with NPPV for COPD exacerbations have been identified and include patient cooperativeness, ability to protect the airway, acuteness of illness not too severe, and a good initial response (within first 1-2 h of NPPV). In applying NPPV, the clinician must pay attention to patient comfort, mask fit and air leak, patient-ventilator synchrony, sternocleidomastoid muscle activity, vital signs, hours of NPPV use, problems with patient adaptation to NPPV (eg, nasal congestion, dryness, gastric insufflation, conjunctival irritation, inability to sleep), symptoms (eg, dyspnea, fatigue, morning headache, hypersomnolence), and gas exchange while awake and asleep. For severe stable COPD, preliminary evidence suggests that NPPV might improve daytime and nocturnal gas exchange, increase sleep duration, improve quality of life, and possibly reduce the need for hospitalization, but further study is needed. There is consensus, but without strong supportive evidence, that COPD patients who have substantial daytime hypercapnia and superimposed nocturnal hypoventilation are the most likely to benefit from NPPV. Adherence to NPPV is problematic among patients with severe stable COPD.     

无创机械通气不同吸气压力对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者腹内压的影响

目的 探讨不同吸气压力(IPAP)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)无创正压机械通气患者腹内压(IAP)的影响.方法 选取60例AECOPD无创正压机械通气患者,行机械通气前测量患者IAP值,行无创正压机械通气后,按照正压机械通气不同吸气压力将患者随机分为三组:10～ 14 cm H2O(A组),15 ～19 cm H2O(B组),20～25 cm H2O(C组);每组各20例患者,分别于调整吸气压力后2h、第1～7天每天同一时间点监测患者IAP.结果 与A组、B组比较,C组患者IAP差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A组与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).同一组不同监测时间点比较,通气后2h及通气后第1天与其他时间点比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对于AECOPD无创正压机械通气患者,随着吸气压力水平的升高,患者IAP有升高趋势,并且在早期较明显.因此,在无创正压机械通气早期,监测患者IAP可能有益于为患者选择适合的吸气压力支持水平.     

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in infants with upper airway obstruction: comparison of continuous and bilevel positive pressure

Objective This study evaluated the efficacy of noninvasive continuous positive pressure (CPAP) ventilation in infants with severe upper airway obstruction and compared CPAP to bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP) ventilation.Design and setting Prospective, randomized, controlled study in the pulmonary pediatric department of a university hospital.Patients Ten infants (median age 9.5 months, range 3—18) with laryngomalacia (n=5), tracheomalacia (n=3), tracheal hypoplasia (n=1), and Pierre Robin syndrome (n=1)Interventions Breathing pattern and respiratory effort were measured by esophageal and transdiaphragmatic pressure monitoring during spontaneous breathing, with or without CPAP and BIPAP ventilation.Measurements and results Median respiratory rate decreased from 45 breaths/min (range 24–84) during spontaneous breathing to 29 (range 18–60) during CPAP ventilation. All indices of respiratory effort decreased significantly during CPAP ventilation compared to unassisted spontaneous breathing (median, range): esophageal pressure swing from 28 to 10 cmH₂O (13–76 to 7–28), esophageal pressure time product from 695 to 143 cmH₂O/s per minute (264–1417 to 98–469), diaphragmatic pressure time product from 845 to 195 cmH₂O/s per minute (264–1417 to 159–1183) During BIPAP ventilation a similar decrease in respiratory effort was observed but with patient-ventilator asynchrony in all patients.Conclusions This short-term study shows that noninvasive CPAP and BIPAP ventilation are associated with a significant and comparable decrease in respiratory effort in infants with upper airway obstruction. However, BIPAP ventilation was associated with patient-ventilator asynchrony.     

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for stable outpatients: CPAP and beyond

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been used in outpatients with sleep apnea, sleep disorders associated with heart failure, restrictive pulmonary diseases (subsuming neuromuscular diseases and thoracic cage deformities), severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. NIPPV in these settings has resulted in significant physiologic benefits, improved quality of life, and in some cases longer survival. We discuss the modes of NIPPV, current indications, and potential benefits.     

无创通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期并肺性脑病临床研究

目的研究无创通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)并肺性脑病患者的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2012年6月在粤北人民医院呼吸内科行无创通气的AECOPD并肺性脑病的78例患者的临床资料,监测通气前及通气后2、12及24 h后的血气分析变化,观察患者的治疗转归及无创正压通气治疗的不良反应。结果与通气前比较,通气后患者临床症状逐渐改善,动脉血二氧化碳分压水平降低(P<0.01),动脉血氧分压水平升高(P<0.01),pH值升高(P<0.01)。结论无创通气对AECOPD并肺性脑病的患者有良好的治疗效果,值得临床推广。