大鼠原位肝移植模型建立方法的若干问题探讨

目的探讨建立大鼠原位肝移植模型的方法与技术。方法用改进的二袖套法行100例Lewis→BN大鼠原位肝移植,术中门静脉、肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合,胆管内支架法完成胆道重建。结果供体手术时间(30.9±5.0)min,供肝修整时间(10.0±3.0)min,受体手术时间(50.0±5.5)min,无肝期为(23.0±2.5)min。手术成功率为92%(术后存活2 d以上),1周存活率为87%,1个月存活率为84%。结论通过提高手术技巧,熟悉各种并发症的原因和预防处理措施,可以减少并发症的发生,提高手术成功率,延长大鼠术后存活时间。     

二袖套法大鼠原位肝移植的手术技巧及并发症的预防

目的 :探讨二袖套法大鼠原位肝移植的手术技巧及并发症的预防。方法 :在Kamada“二袖套法”基础上进行改良。获取供肝前阻断肝门血供 10min ,再灌注 10min ;分别经腹主动脉和门静脉对肝脏进行双重灌洗 ;门静脉和肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合 ,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合 ,胆总管采用单管内支架胆管端端吻合法。结果 :共施行大鼠原位肝移植 12 0次 ,手术成功率为 90 .8%。平均无肝期为 (2 1± 3.5 )min ,受体总手术时间为 (4 6± 4 .5 )min ,一周生存率为 87.2 %。结论 :良好的手术野暴露、娴熟的显微外科技术和精细的手术操作有助于缩短受体无肝期及总手术时间和提高受体生存率     

双套管法大鼠肝移植模型的建立

目的探讨大鼠原位肝移植实验中细节和要点,建立一种更高效、稳定的动物模型．方法原二袖套法基础上,综合各种改良术式,经腹主动脉灌注,单线连续外翻缝合吻合肝上下腔静脉,袖套法吻合门静脉和肝下下腔静脉,单管内支架端端吻合胆总管,术中改进细节,减少出血,合理地复温、补液,缩短手术时间和无肝期;观察术后成活率和存活期、结果共制作120例大鼠原位肝移植（不包括预实验）,供体手术时间（17±1．5）min,受体手术时间（37±2．5）min,无肝期为（19±1．5）min．手术成功率94．2％,周存活率90％．结论娴熟的外科操作并精简术式,改进细节,可提高原位肝移植大鼠的成活率和存活期,为实验研究制作高效、稳定的动物模型．     

改进的大鼠原位肝移植术与相关手术技巧

目的：改进大鼠原位肝移植的手术方式，并总结出相关手术技巧。方法：用改进的二袖套法共建立160例大鼠原位肝移植模型。术中门静脉、肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合，肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合，胆管内支架法完成胆道重建。结果：采用改进的二袖套法进行大鼠原位肝移植，平均供体手术时间46min，修整供肝时间24min，受体无肝期21min，肝上下腔静脉缝合时间13min，门静脉套管时间3min，肝下下腔静脉套管时间4min．胆管插管时间3min。术中和术后24h内主要死亡原因是气胸、麻醉意外、出血，手术成功率92．5％。存活超过24h者，主要死亡原因为感染、胆道梗阻以及移植肝功能失活。结论：制作大鼠原位肝移植模型需要娴熟的显微外科基本功和耐心细致的手术操作。改进的二袖套法具有无肝期短、手术成功率高的优点，是建立该模型的理想术式。     

大鼠原位肝移植模型的建立和术式改进

目的探讨双袖套法建立稳定大鼠原位肝移植模型及术式改进.方法在Kamada等的袖套法大鼠肝移植模型的基础上改进,施行原位肝移植95例,建立稳定的大鼠原位肝移植模型.结果供体手术时间(33.1±2.4)min,受体手术时间(45.7±2.1)min,无肝期(15.9±1.9)min.手术死亡9例,手术成功率90.5%,其中出血5例,空气栓塞2例,血管扭曲2例.术后1周存活率87.2%,术后1周内死亡的主要原因:术后胆漏和腹腔感染各1例,肝上下腔静脉狭窄2例和肝下下腔静脉血栓1例、胆管梗阻和袖套脱落出血各3例.结论改进的大鼠原位肝移植模型稳定可靠,手术成功率高,为肝移植提供理想的研究手段.高质量完成手术每一步骤,缩短无肝期是手术成功的关键.     

大鼠原位肝移植的围手术期处理

目的 探讨大鼠原位肝移植实验的围手术期处理的特点。方法 在Kamada用“二袖套法”吻合血管的基础上进行改良。供体改经腹主动脉进行肝脏冷灌注，肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合，门静脉和肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合，胆总管采用单管内支架胆管端吻合法。结果 共施行大鼠原位肝移植360次，手术成功率为91．3％。非干预组中同系移植大鼠1周存活率为86．5％，3个月存活率达80．7％。结论 积极手术前准备，手术中熟悉步骤、主动配合、手术后耐心细致护理、密切观察、可以保证大鼠原位肝移植实验顺利进行、减少并发症的发生、提高动物的长期存活率。     

双袖套法大鼠原位肝移植模型的技术改进

目的探讨双袖套法大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术技术及其改进方法。方法在Kamada方法基础上进行改良,供体取肝前应用经腹主动脉双灌注法,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合,受体门静脉及肝下下腔静脉采用袖套吻合法,加强围手术期处理。结果行大鼠原位肝移植术160次,供体手术时间35 min,受体手术时间45min,无肝期12 min;2天存活率97%,1周存活率95%。结论改良的双袖套法技术具有手术操作简便、无肝期短的优点,可以显著提高模型的稳定性及成功率。     

异种鼠原位肝移植模型的改进

目的:建立金黄地鼠到大鼠异种原位肝移植模型,使异种肝移植模型能够普及应用. 方法:共施行99例金黄地鼠到大鼠原位肝移植,其中44例采用Kamada方法,55例采用改进方法(即受体肝分步切除的二袖套法原位肝移植),对两种术式的操作时间、无肝期及手术成功率等进行了比较. 结果:Kamada方法受体手术时间(44.1±4.5) min、无肝期(17.1±2.2) min、肝下下腔静脉和门静脉套接时间均3.5 min、手术成功率88.6% (39/44),改进方法所需时间分别为(39.2±3.7) min, (13.9±1.2) min, 1 min,手术成功率87.3% (48/55). 结论:改进的受体肝分步切除的二袖套法金黄地鼠到大鼠异种原位肝移植术,能缩短无肝期和手术时间,是异种肝移植研究较简单、易行、稳定的动物模型.     

重建肝动脉的大鼠肝移植模型改良的实验研究

目的:探讨稳定、高效地建立肝动脉重建的大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术方法.方法:参照"双袖套"法,在供肝的灌注、切取、肝上下腔静脉吻合等方面进行改良,供、受体肝总动脉间用改良的支架法吻合重建肝动脉血供.结果:共完成大鼠原位肝移植80例,供体手术时间:(40±3)min,受体手术时间:(50±5)min,无肝期时间:(16±2)min,肝上下腔静脉吻合时间:(6～9)min,肝动脉吻合时间:(2～3)min.术中无受体死亡,48 h存活率为96.3%,1周存活率为93.7%,1月存活率为:87.5%.结论:该方法成活率高,稳定性好,是建立肝动脉重建的大鼠原位肝移植模型的理想方法.     

泡状棘球蚴感染大鼠肝移植模型的建立

目的研究泡状棘球蚴感染大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术技巧及术后并发症的预防与处理。方法 50只BN大鼠作供体,50只泡状棘球蚴感染的Lewis大鼠为受体,通过"二袖套法"施行大鼠原位肝移植。用改进的二袖套法对大鼠行原位肝移植,移植中门静脉、肝下下腔静脉用袖套法进行吻合,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合,胆道采用支架法进行胆道重建。结果建立大鼠原位肝移植模型共50例,术中未出现死亡,存活时间最短为5h,48h存活率为96%(48/50)。结论只有熟练地掌握手术技巧,细致耐心的操作,最大程度减少各种并发症的发生,才能得到良好的肝移植模型。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.