Reviparin sodium clivarine: a review of its therapeutic use

Reviparin sodium (clivarine) is a second generation LMWH, developed with the aim of maximising the antithrombotic action while minimising the risk of haemorrhage. Clivarine has been extensively studied in acute coronary syndrome. Various clinical studies in unstable angina and acute coronary syndrome have proved that clivarine in a dosage of 3436anti-Xa units twice daily is an effective antithrombotic agent. Clivarine has been shown to be as effective as unfractionated heparin (UFH) in thromboprophylaxis and it has less incidence of local haematoma at injection site. At a daily dose of 1432 IU anti-Xa it was found to be as effective as UFH in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in moderate risk surgery (general and abdominal) and reducing to a significant extent DVT in patients with brace immobilisation of the legs. At a daily dose of 3436 IU anti-Xa reviparin was as effective as UFH or enoxaparin in preventing DVT in high risk orthopaedic surgery and as effective as UFH in prevention of DVT and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) and/or mortality in high risk orthopaedic surgery. In patients with acute venous thrombo-embolism (VTE), reviparin was more effective than UFH in thrombus reduction and at least as effective as UFH in the prevention of clinical recurrence of DVT and/or PE. The use of reviparin is associated with a similar or lower incidence of bleeding complications than UFH. The benefits of reviparin sodium have been demonstrated in a number of clinical trials.     

替罗非班联合低分子肝素对急性心肌梗死介入治疗中急性血栓形成的影响

目的:探讨急诊介入治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)联合应用替罗非班、低分子肝素防治急性血栓形成的效果及安全性.方法:54例AMI患者随机分为对照组(26例)和替罗非班组(28例),所有患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),术中、术后替罗非班组联合应用替罗非班、普通肝素、低分子肝素,对照组应用普通肝素和低分子肝素,观察2组患者冠脉内急性、亚急性血栓形成、术后远端血流(TIMI)分级情况,并比较无再流、慢血流发生和术后的出血危险性.结果:替罗非班组术后TIMI为0级及TIMIⅠ～Ⅱ级较对照组有显著下降,TIMI Ⅲ级2组比较差异无统计学意义.对照组术中3例发生急性血栓形成,1例发生亚急性血栓形成,2例术后出现肉眼血尿,3个月后有1例经冠脉造影检查确诊为支架内再狭窄.替罗非班组术中1例发生慢血流,2例术后出现肉眼血尿,1例出现牙龈出血,2例血小板减少,无发生急性、亚急性血栓形成和支架内再狭窄.结论:急诊PCI术中、术后联合应用替罗非班、普通肝素、低分子肝素防治急性、亚急性血栓形成,疗效可靠、安全.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接PCI的依诺肝素应用

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人接受直接经皮冠状动脉造影和介入治疗(PCI)中应用依诺肝素替代普通肝素的安全性和有效性.方法 将急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人281例随机分为依诺肝素组(n=140)和普通肝素组(n=141),依诺肝素组病人于确诊后尽早给予依诺肝素1 mg/kg皮下注射,PCI前追加依诺肝素0.3 mg/kg静脉注射,完成冠状动脉造影或直接PCI后,立即拔出鞘管.普通肝素组病人于手术前给予普通肝素25 mg静脉推注,如果造影显示适合PTCA,再追加65 mg.完成PCI后4～6 h拔出鞘管.依诺肝素组72例病人术后10、60 min测定抗Ⅹα因子活性.随访30 d,观察两组死亡、再发心肌梗死及需行血管再通术等不良事件的发生情况.结果 依诺肝素组和普通肝素组中最终行直接PCI者分别为139例和138例.依诺肝素组1例于PTCA后发生无血流,血栓负荷重,使用血栓抽吸导管抽吸血栓后血流改善,成功行支架植入术.两组PCI术后及住院期间均无急性和亚急性血栓形成.依诺肝素组病人静脉注射依诺肝素后10 min抗Ⅹα因子活性为(0.92±0.31)kU/L,60 min为(0.81±0.29)kU/L,PCI术中97.9%的病人抗Ⅹα活性＞0.5 kU/L.依诺肝素组均于术后即刻拔出鞘管,穿刺部位血肿1例;普通肝素组于术后4～6 h拔出鞘管,穿刺部位血肿7例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.588,P<0.05).两组30 d内均未发生死亡、再发心肌梗死及需行血管再通术等临床事件.结论 对拟行直接PCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人应用依诺肝素替代普通肝素静脉注射是安全、有效的,术后可即刻拔出鞘管.     

不稳定性心绞痛患者冠脉介入手术前后血清肝细胞生长因子水平的改变及意义

目的探讨不稳定性心绞痛患者经皮冠脉介入治疗（PCI）术前术中及术后血清肝细胞生长因子（HGF）水平的改变及意义。方法70例不稳定性心绞痛患者根据是否介入治疗分成PCI组（49例）和非PCI组（21例）,两组在PCI或冠脉造影术中均应用普通肝素,PCI组术后用低分子肝素7d。分别在术前、术中、术后即刻、术后24h及7d以免联免疫法测定血清HGF的水平。PCI组于术前和术后24h检测肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）。结果PCI组术前HGF水平显著高于非PCI组（13566ng／L±3769ng／L vs1736ng／L±604ng／L,P〈0,01）,PCI组和非PCI组术后即刻HGF水平均比术前显著升高,（11457ng／L±2298ng／L vs 967ng／L±349ng／L,P〈0．01）,但两组间比较HGF的改变无统计学意义。PCI术后第7天时cTnI阳性组血清HGF水平仍显著高于非PCI组（P〈0．01）,而cTnI阴性组已降至手术前水平。结论严重冠脉病变的不稳定性心绞痛患者伴有外周血HGF水平升高;PCI术后cTnI阳性组血清HGF水平的延迟降低与心肌微梗死有一定的关系。     

导管室中应用达肝素时抗凝活性的监测

目的:本研究旨在探讨激活凝血时间(ACT)是否可作为达肝素在导管室中应用时有效的抗凝监测手段.方法:共入选108例患者,冠状动脉造影(CAG)术前5min一次静脉注射达肝素60IU/kg,术中不再追加抗凝药物.所有患者均在静脉注射达肝素后5min取血测量ACT.其中30例患者作为抗凝活性检测组分别在达肝素注射前和注射后6个时间点取血检测抗凝参数ACT、aPTT、抗Xa因子和抗Ⅱa因子活性,观察静脉注射达肝素后的时间-抗凝效应关系.结果:静脉注射达肝素后5minACT值由基线121s升高到193s,10min时达峰值208s,并持续120min无明显下降(P＜0.001).aPTT、血浆抗Xa和抗Ⅱa因子活性也呈类似趋势.结论:ACT和aPTT对静脉注射达肝素敏感.ACT可以用来监测PCI期间静脉注射达肝素的抗凝活性.     

低分子肝素在老年患者经皮冠状动脉成形术中的应用

目的：探讨低分子肝素在老年患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中应用的安全性和有效性。方法：106例经皮冠状动脉介入治疗冠心病患者分为两组：A组为术中用体重校正低分子肝素钠（LMWH）;B组为PCI术中常规用普通肝素（UFH）。结果：两组的一般临床资料比较差异无显著性。A组与B组手术成功率（97．9％和98．8％）、30d内再次血运重建（1例与3例）、急性血栓形成和周围血管并发症（0例与1例）比较差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：低分子肝素在PCI术中的应用是有效的、安全的。     

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in the treatment of thrombosis

Thromboembolic complications are a common and costly medical problem, associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in postoperative patients. There have been reports of death due to thromboembolic complications even after short procedures, e.g. arthroscopy. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) (e.g., certoparin, dalteparin, enoxaparin, nadroparin, reviparin, tinzaparin) have been tested for treatment of deep vein thrombosis in comparison to unfractionated heparin (UFH) in many patients being effective and safe alternative for treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Fixed-dose subcutaneous LMWH once daily is in most cases of equivalent efficacy and safety compared to conventional UFH therapy. There may be less risk for bleeding, less platelet activation together with a control of markers of haemostatic system activation, and either no progression or regression of thrombus size in patients treated with LMWH. The handling of LMWH is more comfortable for patients and less time consuming for nurses and laboratories compared to UFH. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that LMWH are more cost effective than UFH. It has been calculated that outpatient treatment with LMWH may save 1641 dollars per patient in comparison to hospital treatment. This economic benefit of outpatient treatment of DVT seems to be realized in different health systems. Women with antiphospholipid antibodies and a history of either prior thrombotic events or pregnancy loss are at high risk during pregnancy for either another fetal death or thrombosis and may benefit from treatment with LMWH. In patients with malignant tumors secondary prophylaxis or long-term treatment with LMWH is successful. Patients with a contraindication for oral anticoagulants may benefit from treatment with LMWH as do patients on chronic anticoagulation treatment scheduled for an operative intervention. In most instances LMWH (dalteparin, enoxaparin, nadroparin) treatment for DVT may be given once daily at a fixed dose without any harm, based on a prolonged antithrombin activity. Effectiveness and safety of LMWH (dalteparin, enoxaparin, nadroparin, tinzaparin) in comparison to UFH treatment on outpatient basis has been demonstrated in several studies. In summary, LMWHs have an established role in the treatment of DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE), on an in- and outpatient basis and could realize substantial savings. Most studies were performed with dalteparin, enoxaparin and nadroparin. There is evidence that LMWHs may help to prolong survival in cancer patients and to avoid complications of the acute coronary syndrome.     

阿托伐他汀联合替罗非班在急性心肌梗死治疗中的应用

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀联合替罗非班在未接受溶栓或急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者中应用的安全性及有效性。方法:将未接受溶栓或急诊PCI治疗的AMI患者随机分为对照组(A组)、阿托伐他汀组(B组)、替罗非班组(C组)和阿托伐他汀联合B组(D组)。观察各组患者出院时:(1)住院期间心血管事件的发生率。(2)冠状动脉造影示罪犯血管的再通率。(3)PCI术后1月内急性亚急性支架内血栓形成率。(4)住院两周后超声心动图测定左心功能受损率。(5)出血并发症的发生率。结果:D组患者住院期间的心血管事件发生率明显低于B组、C组和A组(P<0.005);D组患者罪犯血管的再通率明显高于B组、C组和A组(P<0.005);C组和D组PCI术后的急性亚急性血栓形成率明显低于A组(P<0.05)。B组、C组和D组住院两周后的左心功能受损率低于A组,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组、C组和D组与A组的出血发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀联合替罗非班在AMI患者的治疗中安全、有效,对未行溶栓或急诊PCI治疗的AMI患者有较大的应用价值。     

Comparison of tirofiban combined with dalteparin or unfractionated heparin in primary percutaneous coronary intervention of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients

Background  Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the best treatment of choice for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of tirofiban combined with the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), dalteparin, in primary PCI patients with acute STEMI.

Methods  From February 2006 to July 2006, a total of 120 patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI were randomised to 2 groups: unfractionated heparin (UFH) with tirofiban (group I: 60 patients, (61.2±9.5) years), and dalteparin with tirofiban (group II: 60 patients, (60.5±10.1) years). Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 4 years after PCI were examined. Bleeding complications during hospitalization were also examined.

Results  There were no significant differences in sex, mean age, risk factors, past history, inflammatory marker, or echocardiography between the 2 groups. In terms of the target vessel and vascular complexity, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. During the first 7 days, emergent revascularization occurred only in 1 patient (1.7%) in group I. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurred in 1 (1.7%) patient in group I and in 1 (1.7%) in group II. Three (5.0%) patients in group I and 1 (1.7%) in group II died. Total in-hospital MACE during the first 7 days was 4 (6.7%) in group I and 2 (3.3%) in group II. Bleeding complications were observed in 10 patients (16.7%) in group I and in 4 patients (6.7%) in group II, however, the difference was not statistically significant. No significant intracranial bleeding was observed in either group. Four years after PCI, death occurred in 5 (8.3%) patients in group I and in 4 (6.7%) in group II. MACE occurred in 12 (20.0%) patients in group I and in 10 (16.7%) patients in group II.

Conclusions  Dalteparin was effective and safe in primary PCI of STEMI patients and combined dalteparin with tirofiban was effective and safe without significant bleeding complications compared with UFH. Although there was no statistically significant difference, LMWH decreased the bleeding complications compared with UFH.

     

Enoxaparin experience in percutaneous coronary intervention

To investigate the efficacy and safety of enoxaparin in 135 consecutive patients who were undergoing emergency/non-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a prospective, observational study of procedural anticoagulation was carried out with enoxaparin in elective, primary PCI. Documentation of the in-hospital clinical and angiographic outcomes was performed in eligible patients undergoing elective or primary PCI. This data helped to capture how patients while on anticoagulation with enoxaparin were being managed. As this was a prospective observational registry and not a randomised controlled trial, there was no single hypothesis from which to calculate the minimum sample size required. We recorded outcomes with 135 consecutive patients undergoing PCI who were enrolled in the study. While analysing the results the points taken into consideration were: Patient demography, PCI, methods of haemostasis and timing of sheath removal, dose and timing of enoxaparin and clinical and angiographic outcome. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical analysis system (SAS) software. Enoxaparin when used in PCI, can be a safe alternative to unfractionated heparin (UFH).     

低分子肝素在经皮冠状动脉成形术中的应用

目的：探讨低分子肝素在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中应用的有效性和安全性。方法：将612例行择期PCI术的患者分为两组,A组为PCI术中常规用普通肝素（UFH）,B组为术中用体重校正低分子肝素（LMWH）。结果：A组与B组手术成功率（98．7％与98．0％）、30d内再次血运重建（3例与2例）、30d内主要心血管不良事件（各2例）、急性血栓形成（均为0例）和周围血管并发症（6例与4例）比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论：低分子肝素在PCI术中的应用是一种安全、有效的方法。     

低分子肝素在冠心病介入治疗中的临床疗效研究

目的探讨低分子肝素（LMWH）在冠心病患者介入治疗（PCI）中应用的临床疗效。方法选择我院2008年9月，2011年3月期间于心内科经冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病的患者86例，随机分为LMWH组43例和普通肝素（UFPI）组43例，观察比较两组采用介入治疗的途径、穿刺血肿发生率及术后两组患者不良心血管事件发生率。结果两组采取股动脉穿刺局部平均压迫止血时间及穿刺局部血肿发生率比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。LMWH组术后不良心血管事件的发生率明显低于UFH组，经比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论低分子肝素在冠心病介入治疗中是一种安全有效的治疗方法，值得临床推广。     

磺达肝癸钠对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死接受直接PCI患者的疗效和安全性研究

目的评价磺达肝癸钠对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（ST-segment e1evation myocardia1 infarction,STEMI）患者接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）的疗效和安全性。方法 STEMI并且接受直接PCI患者160例,随机分成观察组（82例）和对照组（78例）。观察组使用磺达肝癸钠＋类普通肝素（unfractionated heparin,UFH）安慰剂,对照组使用UFH＋类磺达肝癸钠安慰剂,采用随机双盲平行对照法。主要观测指标为第9天的死亡或再梗死率及出血事件,以及随访第3天、第30天、1年和3年时二次评估。结果磺达肝癸钠组第9天出血事件4.9%（4/82）,显著低于对照组出血事件14.1%（11/78）,P〈0.05,两者有统计学差异;同样结果见于随访的第30天。磺达肝癸钠组第9天死亡或再梗死率8.5%（7/82）,对照组7.7%（6/78）,P〉0.05,两者无统计学差异;同样结果见于第3天、第30天、1年和3年。磺达肝癸钠组中2例患者PCI术期间发现导管内血栓,且直接PCI术前均未接UFH。结论与UFH相比,磺达肝癸钠在STEMI接受直接PCI治疗的人群中,明显减少出血事件,且未增加死亡和再梗死率。单用磺达肝癸钠有发生导管内血栓事件的趋向,可考虑联合应用UFM。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后高危患者围术期抗凝治疗与急性冠状动脉综合征发生的回顾分析

目的：分析经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后患者行非心脏手术围术期早期抗凝治疗与急性冠状动脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome, ACS）发生的关系。方法：回顾2009年5月至2011年5月于北京安贞医院行择期非心脏手术的患者资料,其中有135名患者于手术前1年内曾行PCI,且PCI术后坚持口服阿司匹林及氯吡格雷（波立维）。择期手术前予肝素替代治疗,术后分为未抗凝组（63例）、低分子肝素抗凝组（34例）及普通肝素抗凝组（38例）,观察术后3日内ACS的发生情况及出血情况。结果：3组患者中未抗凝组有9人（14.3%）于术后3日内出现ACS,低分子肝素抗凝组及普通肝素抗凝组均无ACS患者出现（P<0.01）。3组患者的术后输入库存血量差异无统计学意义。结论：近期行PCI术的高危患者在行择期非心脏手术术后早期给予有效的抗凝治疗,可以明显降低围术期ACS的发生率,且并不增加术后出血的风险。     

替罗非班与低相对分子质量肝素钙在预防支架内血栓形成的对比研究

目的比较替罗非班与低相对分子质量肝素钙（LMWH）在预防支架血栓形成中的有效性与安全性。方法选取PCI治疗的患者430例随机分为替罗非班组（n=220）和LMWH组（n=210）,两组患者均予以阿司匹林、氯吡格雷抗血小板等相同基础治疗,分别给予替罗非班和LMWH治疗48h;观察两组患者PCI术后支架血栓形成、心血管意外事件发生情况及该药物在使用过程中的安全性。结果替罗非班组亚急性支架内血栓形成及顽固性心肌缺血显著低于LMWH组（P〈0．05）,两组均无严重出血并发症,出血事件发生率无明显差异。结论支架术后患者使用替罗非班能使冠脉内血栓形成明显减少,使主要心血管不良事件的发生明显降低。     

血栓抽吸对直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗预后的影响

目的 观察血栓抽吸在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者中应用的即刻及住院期间疗效. 方法 选择2007年12月至2008年11月因AMI住院行直接PCI术并于术中应用了血栓抽吸导管的患者共202例为抽吸组,而直接PCI术中未应用抽吸导管的148例患者作为对照组,比较两组术中术后并发症及住院期间临床事件的发生率. 结果 两组在年龄、性别、易患因素、病变部位及入院时的左室射血分数、IRA的分布、病变血管支数、手术操作时间等基线资料方面差异均无统计学意义,具有可比性.而抽吸组在就诊距血管再通时间[(79±12)min vs(83±15)min,P=0.007]、PCI术后无复流/慢血流(3.5%vs 8.8%,P=0.038)、急性、亚急性支架内血栓(0.5%v8 4.7%,P=0.011)、住院期间心衰(11.4%v8 19.6%,P=0.035)、再次AMI(1.0%vs6.1%,P=0.010)、病死率(3.5%v8 8.8%,P=0.038)、住院时间[(6.9±1.5)d vs(7.3±1.8)d,P=0.028]、心肌酶达峰时间[(12.8±2.2)h vs(13.3±1.9)h,P=0.023]较对照组显著减少,TnI峰值[(44.7±31.2)μg/L vs(51.9±33.6)μg/L,P=0.041]及CK-MB峰值[(152.0±73.6)U/Lvs(171.0±71.2)U/L,P=0.015]明显低于对照组,直接支架置入率(44.1%vs 24.3%,P=0.002)及术后达TIMI3级血流(90.1%vs 81.8%,P=0.027)、即刻心电图的ST段回落率(67.8%vs53.4%,P=0.008)则显著高于对照组,两组之间差异有统计学意义. 结论 直接PCI过程中应用血栓抽吸可减少PCI术中术后并发症,缩短住院期间及改善预后.     

普通肝素或低相对分子质量肝素联合瑞替普酶治疗急性心肌梗死的对比研究

目的观察对比普通肝素钠（UH）或国产低相对分子质量肝素钠（LMWH）抗凝联合瑞替普酶静脉溶栓治疗ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（AMI）的疗效及安全性。方法 50例ST段抬高型AMI患者,随机分为UH组（25例）和LMWH组（25例）,分别在常规瑞替普酶（10 mu＋10 mu）静脉溶栓基础上接受UH钠或国产LMWH钠抗凝治疗,观察溶栓后48 h内两组患者的溶栓再通率、出血发生率及出血相关死亡率。结果 48 h内,两组溶栓再通率比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;UH组出血发生率为100%,出血直接导致的死亡率为20%;LMWH组出血发生率为4%,无1例因出血并发症死亡者。结论 LMWH钠联合瑞替普酶治疗ST段抬高型AMI疗效确切,在降低出血并发症方面较UH钠有明显的优势（P〈0.05）。     

ST-elevated acute myocardial infarction happening 1 month post stent implantation： late thrombosis in-stents or new lesions？

Background ST-elevated acute myocardial infarction （STEAMI） happening in the first month post percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is almost related to acute thrombosis or subacute thrombosis in-stents. This study aimed to investigate the possible causes of myocardial infarction one month later. Methods Patients who had a history of successful PCI, and received coronary angiography or re-PCI due to STEAMI were included in this study. The AMI-related lesions and previous angiographic findings such as the number of lesions, the degree of the stenosis, the type of stents and acute results of last PCI were recorded. If the AMI-related lesion was localized in-stents or at the edge of stents （distance apart from the edge 〈5 mm）, it was defined to be late thrombosis; otherwise as a new-lesion induced AMI. Results One hundred and ninety-two patients aged 40-79 years were included in this study. New lesions, as the cause of STEAMI, were found in 144 patients （Group A, 75%）, and late thrombosis in 48 patients （Group B, 25%）. Almost all newly built thromboses were found at the sites of previous insignificant lesions （diameter stenosis 〈50%）. There was a significant difference in the average time from previous PCI to AMI （（30.1±12.4） vs （20.3±11.9） months） between the two groups. Diabetes mellitus （DM） and drug-eluting stent （DES） utilization were associated with markedly higher morbidity of late thrombosis in adjusted Logistic regression （hazard ratio （HR） 3.4, 95% confidence interval （C/） 1.1-10.9 and 5.3, 95% Cl 1.1-26.5）. Conclusions STEAMIs happening 1 month after PCI are more likely to develop from previous insignificant lesion rupture than from late thrombosis in-stents. Moreover, DM and DES are associated with the high incidence of late thrombosis, which may indicate that intensive antiplatelet therapy should be considered in patients with diabetes.     

Effect of high-dose rosuvastatin loading before percutaneous coronary intervention in female patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

Background  Early loading statin therapy before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with reduced mortality and periprocedural myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to study the effect of rosuvastatin loading therapy before PCI in female patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS).

Methods  Consecutive 117 female patients with NSTEACS were randomly assigned to either the group of rosuvastatin loading before PCI (20 mg 12 hours before angioplasty procedure, with a further 10 mg dose 2 hours before procedure, the loading dose group, n=59) or the no rosuvastatin treatment group before PCI (control group, n=58). Periprocedural myocardial injury, periprocedural changes of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a in serum and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) 3 months and 6 months later were assessed.

Results  The incidence of periprocedural myocardial injury was higher in control group than loading dose group (CKMB: 10.17% vs. 25.86% , P=0.027; Troponin I: 11.86% vs. 29.31%, P=0.019). MACE occurred in 1.69% of patients in loading dose group and 12.07% of those in control group 3 months after procedure (P=0.026), 3.39% vs. 17.24% at 6 months (P=0.014). The levels of hs-CRP, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a in serum were not significantly different between the two groups before PCI, but after PCI they were significantly higher in control group.

Conclusions  High-dose rosuvastatin loading before PCI significantly reduced periprocedural myocardial injury and periprocedural inflammation cytokines release and improved 3-month and 6-month clinical outcomes in female patients with NSTEACS who underwent PCI.     

The changes of Fts-CRP and WBC count after percutaneous coronary intervention in different types of coronary heart diseases

Objective:To investigate the regulation of High sensitive C-reactive protein(Hs-CRP) and WBC count in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) by percutaneous transluminal intervention(PCI) and to discuss the mechanism of inflammatory reaction after coronary stable angina(SAP), unstable angina(UAP), and acute myocardial infarction(AMI) according to their clinical types.Another 41 stable angina patients with more than 70% of coronary artery tenosis who did not receive PCI served as control.Serum Hs-CRP levels and WBC count were determined before intervention, 3 days and 7 days post PCI and the data were analyzed statistically by t-test.Results: There showed no difference in clinical baseline characteristics between groups.The serum Hs-CRP level and WBC count was gradually raised in the UAP and AMI group(how about SAP group, andhad no difference in CAG group and SAP group).After PCI serum Hs CRP levels and WBC counts were significantly higher in the SAP group than in the coronary angiography group(CAG) at 3 days and had no difference at 7 days.In the UAP and AMI group, the serum Hs-CRP level at 3 days and 7 days declined obviously, however serum WBC count did not decrease apparently.Conclusion: The serum Hs-CRP level and WBC count elevate transiently after PCI.There are different inflammatory reactions in different types of coronary heart diseases after coronary stenting procedure.