海淀区成人超重、肥胖健康相关因素调查

目的研究成人肥胖特点，探索有效干预措施。方法采取等比例多阶段整群随机抽样的方法抽取了北京市海淀区9个街道18个功能单位9个生活社区，18岁以上常住居民总共2706人进行询问和问卷式调查。筛查出体重指数≥24的超重人群和体重指数≥28的肥胖人群。结果海淀区超重患病率为33．26％，肥胖患病率为15．92％；超重、肥胖成人男性患病率高于女性；超重成人在45—59岁的年龄段患病所占比例最大；肥胖成人患病数随年龄的增长而增长，在60岁以上的年龄段患病所占比例最大；不同性别、不同年龄与超重、肥胖成人差异均有显著性。超重人群锻炼率为71．96％，肥胖人群锻炼率为74．79％；女性超重、肥胖人群锻炼率高于男性。随着体重指数（BMI）的增加，高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、心肌梗死、脑卒中的患病率均显著上升。结论超重、肥胖是高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、心肌梗死、脑卒中的重要危险因素。适量运动、合理膳食、控制体重、保持情绪稳定等健康的行为方式对于减少疾病、提高居民生活质量具有重要意义。提示在社区实施防治肥胖的干预措施是有必要的。     

南京市某高校社区人群主要慢性病的现状调查

目的:了解南京市某高校社区人群超重/肥胖?高血压?糖尿病和血脂异常等主要慢性病的患病情况,分析疾病流行特点及影响因素?方法:研究对象为南京某高校社区的在职和离退休人员2 986名,对其进行问卷调查?体格测量和生化检测,描述慢性病相关危险因素的流行水平和分布特点,分析高血压?血脂异常和糖尿病的患病率及影响因素?结果:该人群总超重率和肥胖率为39.3%?9.6%,其中男性超重率和肥胖率分别为45.5%?12.1%,女性超重率和肥胖率分别为29.4%?5.6%,男性超重率和肥胖率显著高于女性(P < 0.01);高血压患病率为36.4%,糖尿病患病率为5.9%,血脂异常患病率为52.2%,且随着年龄和体质指数的增加,高血压和血脂异常的患病率亦随之增加(P < 0.01)?结论:本社区居民的超重/肥胖?高血压?糖尿病和血脂异常问题不容乐观,该社区迫切需要改善营养相关慢性病的预防?检测和治疗状况?     

新疆不同民族人群高血压与肥胖关系的探讨与分析

目的：通过新疆不同民族高血压的流行病学现状分析其与肥胖患病率的关系。方法：利用2007年10月～2010年3月新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项课题-新疆维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族冠心病、脑卒中的预防及综合诊治研究的流行病学调查资料,分析新疆不同民族高血压与体质量指数关系。结果：高血压总患病率标准化后为36.21%,男性高血压患病率标准化后为38.70%,女性为34.22%,男性显著高于女性（X2=20.01,P〈0.01）。汉族高血压患病率为33.42%,维吾尔族为28.50%,哈萨克族为48.69%,哈萨克族高血压患病率显著高于维吾尔族和汉族（X2=29.36,P〈0.01）。超重和肥胖的总患病率标准化后为36.64%和26.07%,其中男性为40.81%和27.63%,女性为33.06%和24.82%,男性患病率显著高于女性（X2=150.12,P〈0.01）。汉族超重和肥胖的患病率分别为36.66%、17.65%,维族患病率分别为34.99%、28.77%,哈族患病率分别为32.73%、34.52%。不同民族肥胖的患病率比较有显著差异（X2=35.41,P〈0.01）。随着BMI的增加,不同民族人群高血压患病率呈明显的上升趋势（R=0.13,P〈0.01）。性别及民族间BMI≥25组高血压患病率明显高于其他组（P〈0.05）。结论：新疆高血压、肥胖患病率均高于国内外平均水平,均随年龄增加呈增多趋势,且存在民族差异。随着体重指数的增加,高血压患病率呈现增加趋势。     

昌平区农村高血压患病情况调查分析

目的 为掌握我区慢性病患病情况，取得慢性病干预前的本底资料。方法 本文用中国居民营养与健康状况调查资料对我区农村高血压患病情况进行调查分析。结果 我区农村高血压患病率为35．19％，与1991年北京市高血压患病率相比增长了70．99％，新检出病人占总高血压人数的64．40％。患病率男性高于女性，且随着年龄的增加而增高。提示戒烟、限酒减轻体重是主要干预内容，防治重点应人群应以中老年为主，加大宣传力度提高居民防治意识和知识。     

广州市某农村居民高血压患病率及其与体重指数的关系

目的 了解农村居民高血压患病情况及其与体重指数(BMI)的关系.方法 对广州市某农村602名≥15岁村民进行问卷调查及身高、体重和血压的测量.资料采用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计分析.结果 调查人群高血压的总患病率为18.91%,其中男性为20.10%,女性为18.39%,男性与女性高血压患病率均随着年龄的增加而增加.BMI与收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)存在显著正相关.肥胖患病率男性高于女性,但是女性血压与BMI的相关性高于男性,特别是在肥胖组(BMI≥25).在低体重组(BMI<18.5),血压与BMI无显著相关性.结论 广州农村≥15岁人群高血压患病率较高,且肥胖与高血压患病正相关,BMI控制在正常范围对控制高血压有重要意义.     

邯郸矿院社区老年居民慢性病调查

目的调查邯郸矿院社区老年居民慢性病患病情况。方法2009年3～5月对邯郸矿院社区老年居民进行整群随机抽样调查。结果①慢性病患病率75．6％。②超重患病率53．9％、肥胖30．3％、腹型肥胖81．7％。③高血压患病率42．5％,男、女性患病率相近;糖尿病患病率103％,男性患病率高于女性;冠心病3．62％与脑血管病1．14％。女性患病率高于男性;均与BMI、WC正相关。④高TC患病率28．2％、高TG33．1％、高LDL-C14-3％和低HDL-C32．6％。⑤脂肪肝患病率21．5％,男性患病率高于女性。⑥不良生活、行为方式及日常诊疗不良习惯广泛存在。结论邯郸矿院社区老年居民中慢性病患病率高,应采取措施,改善不良生活行为方式,纠正日常诊疗不良习惯,降低慢性病患病率。     

深圳市健康体检人群超重、肥胖调查及护理对策

目的了解深圳市健康体检人群超重肥胖患病情况,为流行病的防控及健康干预提供信息。方法选取2010年7~10月在本院进行健康检查的体检者28 695名,其中男16 260名,女12 435名,比较不同性别年龄超重肥胖患病情况。结果健康体检者超重总患病率为30.88%,其中男性患病率41.18%,女性患病率17.41%,男性显著高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;肥胖总患病率为8.46%,其中男性患病率11.94%,女性患病率3.91%,男性与女性相比有显著统计学差异（P〈0.001）。结论深圳市健康体检人群超重肥胖患病率在全国处于较高水平,患病形势严峻,应及时对体检人群进行健康教育,以预防和减少超重肥胖及相关疾病的发生。     

奉化市居民超重和肥胖现况调查

目的了解奉化市超重和肥胖的流行情况,为开展肥胖防治提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法对奉化市18岁及以上居民600例进行问卷调查和身体测量,调查超重和肥胖的现患率。结果奉化市居民超重率32.83%,肥胖率为10.00%,超重率男性为30.04%,女性为35.01%,肥胖率男性为7.22%,女性为12.17%;年龄、文化程度、吸烟及饮酒与超重肥胖患病率有关;超重肥胖组高血压、糖尿病及高血脂患病均高于非超重肥胖组。调查人群中96.33%的人平时测量体重,体质量指数知晓率为6.50%,10.51%的超重和肥胖患者采取措施控制体重。结论奉化市居民超重和肥胖率较高,防控形势不容乐观,应针对超重和肥胖患病现状采取综合性预防措施,以降低其患病率。     

南源社区居民高血压与肥胖等相关因素调查分析

目的调查南源街社区居民健康状况,分析高血压患病率与超重、肥胖等因素的相互关系。方法随机抽取广州市荔湾区南源街13个居委中4个居委35～75岁本街道户籍居民为调查对象,对1216例南源街社区居民进行问卷调查及身体测量,用Excel录入,用SPSS17．0统计软件进行统计分析。结果男性418人,占34．4％,女性798人,占65．6％。高血压的患病率为35．6％,65岁以上人群高血压患病率高达56．9％,患病率随年龄增加而增加。超重与肥胖的检出率为40．2％,腹型肥胖检出率81．7％,高血压与年龄、家族史、超重与肥胖（尤其是腹型肥胖）密切相关。结论高血压患病与年龄、遗传及超重与肥胖有关,超重与肥胖,尤其是腹型肥胖是高血压患病的重要危险因素,BMI及腰围检测作为预测高血压、糖尿病等各种肥胖相关疾病风险具有重要价值。     

北京市怀柔区高血压病流行病学调查及危险因素分析

目的调查北京市怀柔区成人高血压病发病情况。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对1833名20-70岁城乡常住居民进行高血压流行病学调查并检测胆固醇、甘油三酯等指标。结果怀柔区城乡居民高血压的患病标化率为33.62%,男、女分别为40.05%和29.16%。50岁之前男性患病率显著高于女性。城乡总患病率（36.20%vs.31.80%）及女性患病率（28.89%vs.35.26%）无显著性差异,但城区男性患病率高于农村男性（48.52%vs.35.26%）。不论男女,高血压患病率均随年龄增长而增加,60岁以上人群患病率﹥60%。高血压家族史、超重和肥胖、文化程度及血脂与高血压密切相关。结论怀柔区高血压患病率较高,以男性患病率高、发病早尤为明显。加强高血压防治工作十分必要。     

Seven-year incidence and progression of obesity. Characterization of body fat pattern evolution in low-income Mexico City urban population

BACKGROUND: There are no prospective data regarding the natural history of obesity in Mexico. The objective of this research was to investigate the incidence and progression of obesity in a low-income sector of Mexico City and to characterize evolution of body fat pattern distribution. METHODS: We carried out a population-based, prospective survey. Total on-site population was 15,532 persons; we determined as eligible all 35 to 64-year-old men and nonpregnant women for a total of 3,505. We interviewed at baseline 3,319 (94.7%) individuals and examined 2,282 (65.1%). At follow-up approximately 7 years later, we interviewed 1,764 (77.3%) subjects and examined 1,594 (69.9%). Measurements for all participants included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip circumference, and subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness. Overweight was defined as BMI > or = 25 and < or = 29.9 kg/m2, while grade 1 obesity was BMI >or = 30 and < or = 34.9 kg/m2, grade 2 was > or = 35 and < or = 39.9, and grade 3, > or = 40 kg/m2. RESULTS: At baseline, prevalence of overweight was 48.6%, and grade 1 obesity, 22.7%, grade 2, 5.1%, and grade 3 obesity was 1.4%; at follow-up, these were 45.2, 25.8, 6.6, and 2.3%, respectively. At baseline, mean BMI in women was 29.1 +/- 0.16 kg/m2 and in men, 27.3 +/- 0.15 kg/m2; at follow-up, it reached 29.4 +/- 0.17 kg/m2 in women and 27.4 +/- 0.16 kg/m2 in men. Waist circumference increased from mean of 99.7 +/- 0.44 cm in women to 101.2 +/- 0.42 cm; in men, mean waist circumference rose from 95.2 +/- 0.38 to 96.7 +/- 0.39 cm. CONCLUSIONS: The obesity epidemic in this population possesses serious proportions that increase risk for severe metabolic consequences. There is a need for intervention.     

Overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome in rural southeastern Australia

OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of overweight, obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rural Australia. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in two rural areas in Victoria and South Australia in 2004-2005. A stratified random sample of men and women aged 25-74 years was selected from the electoral roll. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire, physical measurements and laboratory tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of overweight and obesity, as defined by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference; prevalence of MetS and its components. RESULTS: Data on 806 participants (383 men and 423 women) were analysed. Based on BMI, the prevalence of overweight and obesity combined was 74.1% (95% CI, 69.7%-78.5%) in men and 64.1% (95% CI, 59.5%-68.7%) in women. Based on waist circumference, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in women (72.4%; 95% CI, 68.1%-76.7%) than men (61.9%; 95% CI, 57.0%-66.8%). The overall prevalence of obesity was 30.0% (95% CI, 26.8%-33.2%) based on BMI (> or = 30.0 kg/m(2)) and 44.7% (95% CI, 41.2%-48.1%) based on waist circumference (> or = 102 cm [men] and > or= 88 cm [women]). The prevalence of MetS as defined by the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III 2005 criteria was 27.1% (95% CI, 22.7%-31.6%) in men and 28.3% (95% CI, 24.0%-32.6%) in women; based on International Diabetes Federation criteria, prevalences for men and women were 33.7% (95% CI, 29.0%-38.5%) and 30.1% (95% CI, 25.7%-34.5%), respectively. Prevalences of MetS, central (abdominal) obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension and hypertriglyceridaemia increased with age. CONCLUSIONS: In rural Australia, prevalences of MetS, overweight and obesity are very high. Urgent population-wide action is required to tackle the problem.     

健康体检人群体质指数与血压、血糖、血脂的关系

[目的]探讨健康体检人群体质指数及其与血压、血糖、血脂的关系。[方法]采用横断面调查方法对健康体检者1198例体质指数（BMI）情况分析，探讨超重肥胖与血压、血糖、血脂的关系。[结果]随年龄增加，BMI、超重及肥胖检出率有增高趋势，50—70岁人群超重率最高，〉50岁人群肥胖率最高。随BMI升高，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）水平减低，收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、空腹血糖（FBG）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）水平逐步增高；高血压、高血糖及高血脂检出率亦增高。在肥胖男性高血糖检出率高于女性。〉70岁肥胖人群高血压、高血糖检出率最高，分别为88．46％和82．69％，〈40岁肥胖人群高血脂检出率最高为49．18％。[结论]健康体检人群超重、肥胖率较高，控制体重对高血压、高血糖及高血脂等慢性病的防治具有重要意义。     

Association of body mass index with diabetes in the elderly in Foshan]

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and diabetes in the elderly residents in Foshan. METHODS: A total of 3 382 people above 60 years old participated in this questionnaire-based survey, with their blood pressure, height, body weight, and blood glucose measured and oral glucose tolerance test performed. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of diabetes in the elderly subjects with obesity, overweight, normal weight, and underweight were 31.58%, 22.84%, 15.65% and 9.40%, respectively. The prevalence rate of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in relation to obesity, overweight, normal weight, and underweight were 67.94%, 56.14%, 46.58% and 38.35%, respectively. A higher mean BMI was accompanied by a greater prevalence of diabetes. The average BMI was 23.9+/-3.3 kg/m(2) in diabetic subjects, 23.4+/-3.4 kg/m(2) in subjects with IGT, and 22.6+/-3.2 kg/m(2) in normal elderly subjects. CONCLUSION: There is a close correlation between BMI and diabetes.     

北京市社区中老年男性体重指数和前列腺特异性抗原相关性的多中心研究

目的 了解北京地区中老年男性人群体重指数(BMI)和前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的相关性.方法 选择北京社区50岁以上男性作为研究对象,行体格检查并计算体重指数(BMI),按WHO提出的亚洲人体重分级建议进行BMI分层,测血清总前列腺特异性抗原(TPSA)及游离前列腺特异性抗原(FPSA),应用SPSS 13.0统计软件对BMI和TPSA的相关性进行统计学分析.结果 符合标准并资料全面者1573人,平均年龄(64±10)岁,平均BMI:(24±3)kg/m2,PSA中位数:1.0 μg/L(0.6～1.9 μg/L),平均前列腺体积:(30±18)ml3.BMI分级:低体重54例(3.43%),正常体重441例(28.04%),超重423例(26.89%),肥胖597例(37.95%),重度肥胖58例(3.69%).正常组和超重组分别与肥胖组PSA比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0.002、0.010).在调整年龄和前列腺体积情况下,BMI和PSA呈负相关(r=-0.068,P=0.007).年龄及前列腺体积与PSA呈正相关(r=0.204,P=0.000;r=0.401,P=0.000).在不同年龄分层,各年龄组之间BMI和PSA均不相关(均P>0.1).结论 BMI影响血清PSA结果,BMI和PSA呈负相关.在前列腺癌诊断时,应当考虑BMI对PSA的影响.     

江阴市居民体质指数与相关疾病关系研究

目的探讨江阴居民中体质指数(BMI)的分布特征及其与主要相关疾病的关系。方法 2007年11月~2008年1月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取江阴市3个镇(街道)、6个行政村(居委)537个住户中的居民为调查对象。通过问卷实施入户调查及体检。结果样本人群BMI均值为(23.00±0.19),超重率和肥胖率分别为29.8%和8.4%;城市和农村居民超重率和肥胖率分别为33.9%、28.0%和6.0%、9.4%。男性超重比例高于女性,肥胖比例低于女性;15~岁年龄组超重和肥胖率最低,随着年龄增长,超重率和肥胖率均呈上升趋势,45~岁组超重率最高(44.9%),55~岁组肥胖率最高(13.8%);已婚组男子超重与未婚组无明显差异,已婚组男子肥胖率高于未婚组;不同文化程度人群的肥胖率差异不明显,文盲组的超重率高于其它组;超重组和肥胖组的高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症均显著高于正常组。结论近年来江阴市居民超重率、肥胖率呈上升趋势,BMI与高血压等慢性病患病率呈正相关。     

Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and obesity: baseline findings of a population based survey in four provinces in Sri Lanka

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of selected cardiovascular risk factors in adult Sri Lankan population in four provinces. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, based on a stratified cluster sampling method. SETTINGS: Four provinces, namely the Western, North Central, Southern and Uva. PATIENTS: Six thousand and forty seven participants (2692 men) between the age of 30 and 65 years were surveyed. MEASUREMENTS: Risk factors measured included height, weight, waist and hip circumference. Waist to hip ratio and body mass index were calculated, and overweight (23 kg/m2) and obesity (> or = 25 kg/m2) determined. Hypertension (systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg or use of anti-hypertensive medications), and diabetes mellitus (fasting serum plasma glucose level > or = 7 mmol/L or use of anti-diabetic medications) and impaired fasting glycaemia (> or = 6.1 to < 7 mmol/L) were also determined. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension as defined was 18.8% (CI 14.5-23.1) for men and 19.3% (CI 12.2-26.4) for women. The prevalence of diabetes was 14.2% (CI 11.9-16.5) for men and 13.5% (CI 6.9-20.1) for women while impaired fasting glycaemia was 14.2% for men and 14.1% for women. The mean body mass index was 21.5 kg/m2 (SD = 3.7) in men. It was lower than that in women, 23.3 kg/m2 (SD = 4.5). The prevalence of obesity was 20.3% in men and 36.5 % in women. Regional differences were seen in the mean fasting blood glucose and prevalence of diabetes, and mean BMI and prevalence of obesity were highest in Western province. Mean blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension were highest in the Uva Province. Southern Province had the lowest prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and North Central Province had lowest anthropometric measures of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the selected cardiovascular risk factors is common in the adult Sri Lankan population surveyed. Regional differences exist in the prevalence of these risk factors. The prevalence of high level of risk factors requires urgent public health action.     

Overweight and obesity from childhood to adulthood: a follow-up of participants in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey

OBJECTIVE: To examine overweight and obesity in Australian children followed through to adulthood. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: A cohort study of 8498 children aged 7-15 years who participated in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey; of these, 2208 men and 2363 women completed a follow-up questionnaire at age 24-34 years in 2001-2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height and weight were measured in 1985, and self-reported at follow-up. The accuracy of self-reported data was checked in 1185 participants. Overweight and obesity in childhood were defined according to international standard definitions for body mass index (BMI), and, in adulthood, as a BMI of 25-29.9 and > or =30 kg/m2, respectively, after correcting for self-report error. RESULTS: In those with baseline and follow-up data, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood was 8.3% and 1.5% in boys and 9.7% and 1.4% in girls, respectively. At follow-up, the prevalence was 40.1% and 13.0% in men and 19.7% and 11.7% in women. The relative risk (RR) of becoming an obese adult was significantly greater for those who had been obese as children compared with those who had been a healthy weight (RR = 4.7; 95% CI, 3.0-7.2 for boys and RR = 9.2; 95% CI, 6.9-12.3 for girls). The proportion of adult obesity attributable to childhood obesity was 6.4% in males and 12.6% in females. CONCLUSION: Obesity in childhood was strongly predictive of obesity in early adulthood, but most obese young adults were a healthy weight as children.     

银川市青少年体重指数与血压关系的研究

目的探讨银川地区13-18岁青少年体重指数(BMI)与血压的关系。方法按照WGOC推荐的中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖分类标准建议以及中国学生体质与健康研究组推荐的儿童高血压标准。采用随机整群抽样的方法,对银川市7619名13-18岁青少年的体质指数和血压进行了横断面的调查。结果在控制了年龄、性别、民族的影响后,13-18岁青少年的BMI与收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)正相关,偏相关系数分别为0.219和0.207(P<0.01);并且随BMI的增大SBP和DBP也不断升高(P<0.05)。高SBP率、高DBP率、高血压患病率以及患高血压的相对危险度(RR)随BMI值的增加而增高,与正常体重组相比,超重组和肥胖组的高血压患病率分别高达0.77%和3.19%,RR分别为2.20和9.11(P<0.05);不同年龄组中,与BMI正常组比较,超重、肥胖组的男、女性及汉、回族中高SBP率、高DBP率显著增高(P<0.05);不同体重组中,男性高SBP率、高DBP率显著高于女性(P<0.05);汉、回族间无差别。结论银川地区13-18岁青少年的BMI与血压呈独立正相关,超重和肥胖者患高血压的危险性显著增加。     

Prediction of Abdominal Visceral Obesity From Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Waist-hip Ratio in Chinese Adults： Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves Analysis

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) measurements in diagnosing abdominal visceral obesity. Methods BMI, WC, and WHR were assessed in 690 Chinese adults (305 men and 385 women) and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and used to determine the threshold point for each anthropometric parameter. Results 1) MRI showed that 61.7% of overweight/obese individuals (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and 14.2% of normal weight (BMI<25 kg/m2) individuals had abdominal visceral obesity (VA≥100 cm2). 2) VA was positively correlated with each anthropometric variable, of which WC showed the highest correlation (r=0.73-0.77, P<0.001). 3) The best cut-off points for assessing abdominal visceral obesity were as followed: BMI of 26 kg/m2, WC of 90 cm, and WHR of 0.93, with WC being the most sensitive and specific fact