家庭背景对大学生社会支持的影响

目的探讨家庭因素对大学生社会支持的影响.方法采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)以及自拟家庭情况问卷,对河南省高校1 100名在校大学生进行了调查.结果低收入家庭学生的客观支持分(7.74±1.76)低于高收人家庭的学生(8.17±2.19);不完整家庭学生的主观支持分(19.79±4.14)和支持总分(35.11±6.45)低于完整家庭学生(21.03±3.31,36.55±4.72);父亲文化程度高的学生其客观支持和主观支持得分显著偏高;母亲文化程度高的学生其主观支持和支持总分显著偏高.结论家庭因素对大学生社会支持的获得有着重要影响,家庭经济状况只是一个方面,家庭结构和父母文化程度所起的作用尤其对学生获得主观支持的作用更为突出.     

视力损害患者应对方式与社会支持的调查

目的 调查和分析视力损害患者应对方式的特点及其与社会支持的关系.方法 采用应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表对102名视力损害患者及98名正常对照组进行调查.结果 (1)视力损害组患者主观支持分[(22.30±4.63)分]显著低于对照组[(23.76±5.51)分,t=2.69,P=0.009],社会支持总分[(38.24±7.35)分]显著低于对照组[(41.36±6.65)分,t=3.11,P=0.002];(2)视力损害组患者解决问题因子分[(0.60±0.29)分]显著低于对照组[(0.79±0.18)分,t=6.45,P=0.00],自责因子分[(0.38±0.32)分]显著高于对照组[(0.21±0.25)分,t=4.65.P=0.00];(3)视力损害患者社会支持总分及其三个维度与成熟型应对方式呈显著正相关;(4)影响视力损害患者应对方式的因素主要是文化程度、家庭关系和居住地;影响视力损害患者社会支持的因素主要有是否在婚、家庭关系以及家庭月收入.结论 视力损害患者获得的社会支持水平较低,比正常人更多的应用不成熟应对方式.护士要帮助他们提高社会支持水平,采取积极应对策略.     

病理科医务人员社会支持水平与职业倦怠的相关性

目的探讨病理科医务人员社会支持水平与职业倦怠的相关性。方法对病理科医务人员进行社会支持量表(SSRS)、工作倦怠问卷(CMBI)的测评。以社会支持评分为分组依据,社会支持总分<20分为低社会支持组(低分组),>30分为高社会支持组(高分组),分析两者工作倦怠问卷的评分情况。结果病理科医务人员SSRS总分及主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度因子评分分别为(28.42±6.57)分、(13.72±3.24)分、(10.27±2.16)分、(4.07±1.29)分。高分组SSRS总分平均为(32.51±8.63)分,低分组SSRS总分平均为(15.64±6.74)分,差异有显著性(t=2.60,P<0.05)。高分组医务人员职业倦怠总分及3个因子得分均显著低于低分组,差异有显著性。病理科医务人员社会支持总分,除客观支持外其他因子分与职业倦怠总分及各因子分呈显著负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论病理科医务人员社会支持水平与职业倦怠显著相关。     

家庭功能与社会支持对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者生存质量的影响

目的 了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者家庭功能、社会支持和生存质量状况,并探讨其相互关系.方法 采用家庭功能评定量表(APGAR)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)中文版对湛江市3所医院237例COPD患者进行问卷调查.结果 237例COPD患者APGAR得分(7.07±2.42)分;SSRS总分(39.82±8.81)分,其中客观支持得分(9.17±3.59)分,主观支持得分(23.24±5.45)分,对支持的利用度得分(7.41±1.84)分;WHOQDL-BREF4个领域得分分别为生理领域(59.57±15.73)分,心理领域(56.99±13.01)分,社会关系领域(64.28±14.82)分,环境领域(58.70±11.53)分.家庭功能良好患者客观支持、主观支持和SRSS总分更高(P＜0.05);家庭功能良好患者WHOQDL-BREF心理领域得分更高(P＜0.05);SSRS得分高的患者WHOQOL-BREF生理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域生存质量得分更高(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示性别、月收入水平、疾病程度、对支持利用度、生理领域、心理领域得分是生存质量自我评分的影响因素.结论 家庭功能和社会支持对COPD患者生存质量有一定的影响,应加强健康教育,提高患者的家庭功能和社会支持水平,改善其生存质量.     

云南省宜良县农村老年人社会支持与抑郁的关系

目的分析云南省农村老年人社会支持与抑郁的关系。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取宜良县1 601名≥60岁老年人,采用社会支持评定量表测定其社会支持程度,采用老年抑郁量表测量其抑郁情况;并采用多因素Logistic回归法分析社会支持与抑郁的关系。结果宜良县农村老年人社会支持总分为(33.21±6.255)分,其中客观支持得分、主观支持得分和对支持的利用度得分分别为(7.62±2.181)分、(18.46±3.818)分和(7.13±2.019)分;男性和人均收入较高者的社会支持总分和客观支持得分均高于女性和人均收入较低者(P<0.05);非独居者和文化程度较高者的社会支持总分、客观支持得分、主观支持得分和对支持的利用度得分均高于独居者和文化程度较低者(P<0.05)。老年人抑郁的发生率为20.2%,女性、独居者和低文化程度者的抑郁发生率高于男性、非独居者和高文化程度者(P<0.01);社会支持总分越低者其患抑郁的危险性越高(OR=0.885,P <0.001)。结论应加强对女性、独居、文化程度和收入水平较低的老年人的社会支持,从而提高其心理健康水平。     

探讨肥胖大学生社会支持与抑郁的关系

目的 探讨肥胖大学生社会支持与抑郁的关系.方法 对肥胖大学生(肥胖组)171例、正常体质大学生(正常组)186 例进行抑郁量表(CES-D)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)的测定.对2组大学生的抑郁程度、客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度及社会支持总分进行比较.结果 正常组抑郁指数明显低于肥胖组(P<0.01).肥胖组中女性抑郁指数明显高于男性(P<0.01);低抑郁组的客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度评分及社会支持总分明显高于高抑郁组和中抑郁组(P<0.01);中抑郁组社会支持总分明显低于低抑郁组(P<0.01);肥胖组抑郁指数与客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度和社会支持总分呈负相关(r 分别为-0.304、-0.326、-0.315和-0.376,均 P<0.05).结论 肥胖是大学生抑郁的重要因素,有效降低他们的抑郁程度,应该给予更多的社会支持.     

社会支持与家庭功能对老年脑梗死患者生存质量的影响分析

目的 了解老年脑梗死患者社会支持、家庭功能对生存质量的影响.方法 采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、家庭功能评定量表(APGAR)、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量袁简表(WHOQOL-BREF)中文版对广东医学院附属医院215例老年脑梗死患者进行问卷调查.结果 215例老年脑梗死患者社会支持总分(38.70±8.76)分,客观支持(8.89士3.54)分,主观支持(22.60±5.47)分,对支持的利用度(7.20±1.75)分;家庭功能良好122例,中度障碍65例,重度障碍28例,家庭功能得分(6.73±2.54)分;生理领域(45.93±13.01)分,心理领域(48.80±8.84)分,社会领域(51.59±13.03)分,环境领域(53.27±11.33)分.家庭功能良好患者客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度和总分高于家庭功能中度障碍和重度障碍患者(P＜0.05);家庭功能良好患者生理领域、心理领域、社会领域、环境领域得分高于中度障碍和重度障碍患者(P＜0.05).社会支持高分组生理领域、心理领域、环境领域得分高于低分组(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示性别、月收入水平、对支持的利用度、生理领域、环境领域是综合健康自我评分的影响因素.结论 社会支持和家庭功能对老年脑梗死患者生存质量有一定的影响,提高患者的家庭功能和社会支持水平,有助于改善其生存质量.     

不同类型网络成瘾倾向大学生生活事件及社会支持状况的研究

目的 探讨不同类型网络成瘾倾向大学生在生活事件及社会支持方面的差异.方法 以分层按比例整群抽样的方法随机抽取396名大学生作为研究对象,以大学生网络成瘾类型问卷、社会支持评定量表及青少年生活事件量表对研究对象进行评定.结果 网络游戏成瘾高、低倾向组在生活事件的学习压力、受惩罚及其他因子方面存在显著差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),同时网络游戏成瘾高倾向组在客观社会支持、主观社会支持及对社会支持的利用度方面[分别为(9.36±2.53)分,(19.95±3.48)分,(7.30±1.02)分],低于低倾向组[分别为(10.62±2.44)分,(22.85±3.46)分,(7.92±1.58)分],差异具有显著性(P＜0.01);网络人际关系成瘾高、低倾向组在生活事件的所有指标方面均存在显著差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),同时网络人际关系成瘾高倾向组在客观社会支持及主观社会支持方面[分别为(8.38±3.57)分,(18.69±3.25)分],低于低倾向组[分别为(10.66±2.14)分,(23.12±3.18)分],差异具有显著性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);网络信息成瘾高、低倾向组在生活事件的丧失和其他因子方面存在显著差异(P＜0.05),同时网络信息成瘾高倾向组在主观社会支持方面[(21.75±3.33)分],低于低倾向组[(22.87±2.98)分],差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 不同类型网络成瘾倾向在生活事件及社会支持方面存在一定差异.     

北京市某城区失能老人家庭照顾者负担与社会支持的相关性研究

目的 探讨城市失能老人家庭照顾者的照顾负担及其与社会支持的关系.方法 采用方便抽样方法对北京市东城区744名失能老人的家庭照顾者应用照顾者负担量表(ZBI)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和人口社会学情况进行调查,分析家庭照顾者的照顾负担与社会支持之间的相关性.结果 城市失能老人主要家庭照顾者的照顾负担总分(40.3±15.2)分,社会支持总分(31.1±6.8)分,失能老人的照顾负担与总的社会支持呈负相关,与客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度均呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 失能老人家庭照顾者的照顾负担与社会支持关系密切,即照顾者获得的客观支持和主观支持越多、对支持的利用度越大,照顾者的照顾负担越小.     

高职学生社会支持情况调查

目的 调查分析高职学生的社会支持状况.方法 采用问卷调查法,用社会支持评定量表调查郑州2所高职院校400名学生.结果 ①女生客观支持高于男生且差异显著,男生主观支持高于女生且差异显著.②文科生客观支持高于理科生且差异显著;不同年级在客观支持和社会支持总分上差异显著.③在主观支持、支持的利用度和总分方面,学生干部与非学生干部差异显著.④高职生客观、主观支持及总分低于本科生且差异显著,支持利用度高于本科生且差异显著.结论 高职学生的社会支持情况存在个体差异,与本科生相比,高职学生获得的社会支持较低.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.