系统性红斑狼疮性脑病的CT表现(附12例报告)

目的：探讨系统性红斑狼疮性脑病(SLEE)的CT表现。方法：系统性回顾分析本院1995年2月一2001年5月经临床证实的SLEEl2例，均为女性，年龄16—35岁，平均26．4岁；采用SiemensSomatomARC型CT机行颅脑CT检查，并分析其CT表现。结果：主要CT表现：①大片状脑梗死(3例)，部位不定，单发或多发，形态不规则，边界模糊，占位效应较轻；②腔隙性脑梗死(9例)，主要位于基底节区及脑干；③轻度脑萎缩(5例)，局部性或弥漫性。结论：SLEE的CT检查有较高敏感性，缺乏特异性，但结合临床资料可以早期确诊并指导临床治疗。     

MSCT在肺栓塞诊断和治疗中的应用

<正> 肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)是由于内源性或外源性栓子栓塞肺动脉或其分支,引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征。由于其临床症状、体征及实验室检查特异性较差,漏诊率和误诊率较高。CT肺动脉造影(CT pulmonary angiography,CTPA)以其创伤小、效率高、价格低等优点成为临床诊断PE必不可少的手段之一。CTPA包括电子束CT肺动脉造影(electronbeamCT pulmonary angiography,EBCTPA)、单层螺旋CT肺动脉造影和多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影     

18 F-FDG PET/CT显像探测原发肿瘤病灶的临床价值

目的探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像寻找原发肿瘤病灶的价值。方法对临床诊断转移瘤患者31例行唧CT显像，将其诊断结果与手术、活组织检查及临床随访结果对照。结果29例患者唧CT显像准确显示其原发灶，分别为结、直肠癌7例，肺癌13例，甲状腺癌3例，子宫恶性肿瘤4例，胰腺癌和鼻咽癌各1例。1例PET/CT检查未能确定其原发灶。另1例临床诊断为肾上腺转移瘤的患者，PET/CT显像为良性肿瘤，经CT动态增强检查及实验室检查证实。结论PET／CT显像对寻找转移瘤原发灶有重要价值。     

额骨内板增生症的X线和CT诊断

额骨内板增生症(hyperostosis frontalis interna，HFI)临床上较少见．国内外有关文献均较少提及。为提高对莰征象的认识，笔者搜集L999年1月～2003年6月经CT检查并诊断为HFI的患者14侧．对其临床特点及X线和CT表现加以讨论．并报告如下。     

急性颅脑损伤诊断中磁共振成像与CT技术的应用价值及敏感度研究

目的 探究磁共振成像(MRI)与CT技术诊断急性颅脑损伤的价值及敏感度.方法 随机抽取2019年1月至2020年1月我院90例有外伤史并在急诊就医的疑似急性颅脑损伤患者为观察对象,对其均实施MRI(观察组)、CT(对照组)技术检查,以临床最终诊断结果为标准,对比2种检查方式的诊断结果.结果 ①经CT检查、MRI检查显示...     

眼眶低剂量CT扫描的应用价值

低剂量螺旋CT扫描技术在胸部检查中的应用研究较多，且已取得了公认的结果，但是有关低剂量眼眶CT扫描临床应用的研究较少。眼眶CT由于其良好的分辨率、定位准确、价格较便宜等优点，已成为眼科临床工作中常用的辅助检查。众所周知，晶体对放射线具有高敏感性，因此低剂量CT扫描技术在眼部疾病检查中势在必行。笔者旨在探讨低剂量眼眶CT扫描技术在临床应用中的可行性及实用性，为低剂量扫描技术的普及提供依据。     

胸部CT平扫的几种特殊检查方法

随着CT机(特别是螺旋CT机)的普及应用，胸部CT检查在临床中的重要价值逐渐被医护人员和患者认可。如何成功完成胸部的CT检查，是摆在我们CT工作者面前的重要任务。所谓成功的胸部CT检查应包括：伪影相对最少、解剖结构显示最佳、尽可能显示更多有诊断价值的信息、同时要尽可能减少患者放射帮量的照射。我们通过十二年的工作经验，总结了胸部CT扫描几种特殊的检查方法，现介绍给同行，旨在提高胸部CT的检查质量。     

急腹症的CT诊断

目的：评价CT对急腹症的诊断价值．材料和方法：对60例急腹症病人的急诊CT进行回顾性分析，并对他们的初步临床诊断、CT诊断及最终诊断作对比研究。结果：初步临床诊断符合最终诊断者仅21例(35％)，但CT的定位和定性正确诊断率则分别为100%和90%。许多病人CT检查前临床表现不典型．而CT表现却十分明显和具特征性，从而CT诊断常令人感到意外。结论：急腹症病人的临床定位体征及症状有时可能误导，而CT对这些病人的诊断能起重要作用，因此CT可作为这些病人诊断的首选方法。由于CT检查费用相对昂贵，因此根据本分析结果，提出了对急腹症病人合理应用CT的意见。     

Tolosa-Hunt综合征的影像学表现(附12例报告)

目的 探讨Tolosa-Hunt综合征(THS)的影像学表现，为其临床诊断提供客观依据。方法 对1994-2002年临床确诊的12例THS进行了回顾性研究，分析其CT、MR平扫及增强扫描、DSA、磁共振血管成像(MRA)的表现。结果 12例中7例影像学表现异常，主要表现为一侧海绵窦增大，眶尖软组织肿块。CT呈软组织密度，MR T1WI呈等信号或稍低信号，T2WI呈稍高、稍低信号或等信号；强化扫描CT、MRI均示病变明显强化，同时伴有邻近硬膜强化。DSA检查2例示病侧颈内动脉海绵窦段稍狭窄，MRA检查1例示一侧颈内动脉海绵窦段狭窄，形态不规则。另5例无明显异常表现。结论 THS部分病例有影像学的异常改变，CT、MRI表现对其确诊有重要价值。     

脑部CT在儿童中枢神经系统感染检查中的应用价值

目的探究脑部CT检查应用于儿童中枢神经系统感染疾病的诊断价值。方法选取2015年10月～2017年10月本院收治的中枢神经系统感染患儿86例为观察对象。患儿入院后均行常规检查,并接受脑部CT、MRI检查。将临床病原学及脑脊液检查确诊结果作为金标准,评估脑部CT检查的应用价值。结果 CT、MRI检查对结核性脑膜炎、化脓性脑膜炎、脑囊虫病、病毒性脑膜炎的确诊率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);而总确诊率CT检查(79.07%)低于MRI检查(90.70%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.531,P0.05)。对病毒性感染的确诊率CT检查(92.68%)高于MRI(82.93%),但差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.822,P0.05);对细菌性感染的确诊率CT检查(66.67%)低于MRI(97.78%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=14.899,P0.05)。结论脑部CT在儿童中枢神经系统感染疾病检查中具有一定诊断价值,临床可根据需要借助MRI检查,优化疾病诊断效果。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.