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1.
Paškulin R Jamnik P Danevčič T Koželj G Krašovec R Krstić-Milošević D Blagojević D Strukelj B 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012,143(1):319-324
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The root bark of iboga plant—Tabernanthe iboga has been used traditionally in Central Africa as a psychoactive substance in religious rituals, while in smaller doses it is appreciated due to its stimulant properties. The iboga root bark, iboga extract or pure ibogaine are being recognized in the West as an anti-addiction remedy and their use is increasing.Aim of the study
Our previous studies have demonstrated a transient ATP pool reduction under ibogaine accompanied by the induction of energy metabolism related enzymes. The present study aimed to find the cause of this energy deprivation and to foresee its immediate and long-term impact on metabolism.The overall project is designed to disclose the common mechanism of action at these seemingly diverse indications for iboga use, to predict eventual adverse effects and to build the grounds for its safe and beneficial utilization.Materials and methods
The rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a marker of energy metabolism in stationary yeast model under aerobic conditions in the presence of ibogaine at concentration of 1, 4 and 20 mg/l was measured for 5 h by gas chromatography. The overall oxidative load was determined fluorimetrically by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and in vitro antioxidant properties of ibogaine were defined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test.Results
The CO2 production under ibogaine was temporarily increased in a dose dependent manner.The increased energy consumption as an early effect of ibogaine was proven by the fact that in spite of energy mobilization, the ATP pool has been simultaneously decreased.Although increased cellular respiration co-produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), the overall oxidative load was significantly lowered by ibogaine. Since ibogaine does not show any significant in vitro antioxidant properties, the results indicate its stimulating influence on physiological oxidative stress defence system.Conclusion
Ibogaine triggers remodeling of the housekeeping metabolism. Under the initial energy cost it results in increased efficacy of physiological antioxidative systems, which reduce oxidative damage and lowers basal metabolic needs. Together with induced catabolic enzymes they set a new metabolic equilibrium that saves energy and makes it easily available in case of extra needs. While healthy organism profits from improved fitness and mental performance and can withstand higher stress without risking a disease, due to the same principle ibogaine provides beneficial support at the recovery after diseases including addiction syndrome. 相似文献2.
Tonnentic acid was isolated as the hypoglycemic agent of Poterium ancistroides Desf. The present study reports effects of this compound on isolated islets of Langerhans. We demonstrate that tormentic acid in the presence of 1.66 mM glucose initiates insulin secretion by isolated rat islets of Langerhans in a dose-dependent fashion at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 mM. However, the compound has no effect on the insulin-releasing capacity of 16.6 mM glucose. Similar results were obtained with the sulfonylurea glibenclamide (0.01 mM) used as a reference. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of tormentic acid is due to a diect effect of the compound in vitro. 相似文献
3.
A. Al‐Romaiyan B. Liu H. Asare‐Anane C. R. Maity S. K. Chatterjee N. Koley T. Biswas A. K. Chatterji G‐C. Huang S. A. Amiel S. J. Persaud P. M. Jones 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》2010,24(9):1370-1376
Many plant‐based products have been suggested as potential antidiabetic agents, but few have been shown to be effective in treating the symptoms of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in human studies, and little is known of their mechanisms of action. Extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) have been used for the treatment of T2DM in India for centuries. The effects of a novel high molecular weight GS extract, Om Santal Adivasi, (OSA®) on plasma insulin, C‐peptide and glucose in a small cohort of patients with T2DM are reported here. Oral administration of OSA® (1 g/day, 60 days) induced significant increases in circulating insulin and C‐peptide, which were associated with significant reductions in fasting and post‐prandial blood glucose. In vitro measurements using isolated human islets of Langerhans demonstrated direct stimulatory effects of OSA® on insulin secretion from human ?‐cells, consistent with an in vivo mode of action through enhancing insulin secretion. These in vivo and in vitro observations suggest that OSA® may provide a potential alternative therapy for the hyperglycemia associated with T2DM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Korean red ginseng (KRG), one of heat-processed Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), has a long history as herbal remedy for antidiabetic effect.Aim of the study
The effect and mechanism of KRG on stimulation of insulin release were investigated in isolated rat pancreatic islets.Material and methods
Pancreatic islets isolated from rats were used to evaluate the insulinotropic action of KRG. The effect of Ca on the insulinotropic action of KRG was investigated.Results
The aqueous ethanolic extract of KRG (AEE-KRG) (0.1–1.0 mg/ml) significantly evoked a stimulation of insulin release at 3.3 mM glucose compared to the control. Experiments at different glucose concentrations (8.4 and 16.7 mM) showed that AEE-KRG significantly stimulated on its own whereas it did not potentiate insulin secretion induced by glucose. The extracellular Ca2+-free condition, a L-type Ca2+ channel blocker and an ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener significantly inhibited insulin secretion evoked by AEE-KRG.Conclusion
These findings suggest that KRG displays beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes at least in part via the stimulation of insulin release in a glucose-independent manner. 相似文献5.
The effect of the aqueous extract of Mezoneuron benthamianum (MB) on experimentally induced diarrhoea, intestinal propulsive movement (IPM) and intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) were investigated in rats and mice. The extract (400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg, orally) produced a significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent reduction in propulsion in the castor oil-induced intestinal transit in mice. The mean peristaltic index (%) for these doses of extract, control, (distilled water, 10 ml/kg, p.o.) and morphine, (10 mg/kg, s.c.) were 73.48, 69.34, 57.27, 89.93 and 31.56, respectively. The effect of the extract at the highest dose was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the standard drug. This effect was antagonised by yohimbine (1mg/kg, s.c.). In a dose-dependent manner, the extract delayed the onset of diarrhoea, produced a significant decrease in the frequency of defaecation, severity of diarrhoea and protected the mice treated with castor oil. Total diarrhoea scores were 12.0+/-0.63, 10.3+/-2.06, 8.5+/-2.15, 7.1+/-0.91 and 5.8+/-0.79 for control, extract (400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg) and morphine, respectively. The extract significantly decreased the volume (ml) of intestinal fluid secretion induced by castor oil (1.75+/-0.02 to 0.93+/-0.04) compared with 1.90+/-0.05 for control. The inhibitory effect on fluid accumulation by the extract was also attenuated by yohimbine (1.0 mg/kg). Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and saponins. Administration of the extract up to 2 g/kg (orally) did not produce any toxic effect in the acute toxicity studies in mice. The LD(50) of the extract when given intraperitoneally was 1021.31 mg/kg. The results obtained show that MB possesses anti-diarrhoeal activity due to its inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal propulsion and intestinal fluid accumulation. The antagonistic actions of yohimbine in the experiments suggest a role for the a(2)-adrenergic receptor system. 相似文献
6.
Aim of the study
The leaves of Costus pictus D. Don were used extensively for its antihyperglycemic activity by the people in Kerala, India. In the present study, the antihyperglycemic and insulin secretory activity of an aqueous extract of Costus pictus leaf extract was investigated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Materials and methods
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was done to determine the effective dose of Costus pictus extract. Aqueous extract of Costus pictus leaves was given orally to the diabetic rats for 14 days. The insulin secretory action of the leaf extract was investigated using isolated pancreatic islets from rat. Liver glucose uptake activity was measured using d-[14C] glucose.Results
The oral administration of an aqueous extract of Costus pictus at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased the blood glucose with significant increase in plasma insulin level in diabetic rats at the end of 14 days treatment. The Costus pictus leaf extract significantly increased glucose induced insulin secretion at both 4 mM and 20 mM glucose concentrations which represents normal physiological and diabetic condition respectively. The decreased glucose uptake activity of the liver of diabetic rats was reverted to near normal levels after the treatment with Costus pictus leaf extract.Conclusion
Our results suggest the glucose lowering effect of Costus pictus to be associated with the potentiation of insulin release from pancreatic islets and enhancement of peripheral utilization of glucose. 相似文献7.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Diabetes mellitus is rampantly increasing and the need for therapeutics is crucial. In recognition of this, untested antidiabetic agents are flooding the market. Diavite™ which is a product consisting solely of the dried and ground pods of Prosopis glandulosa (Torr.) [Fabaceae] is currently marketed as a food supplement with glucose stabilizing properties. However, these are anecdotal claims lacking scientific evidence. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Prosopis glandulosa as an antidiabetic agent.Materials and methods
Male Wistar rats were rendered (a) type 1 diabetic after an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) and (b) insulin resistant after a 16-week high caloric diet (DIO). Zucker fa/fa ZDF rats were used in a pilot study. Half of each group of animals was placed on Prosopis glandulosa treatment (100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks and the remaining animals served as age-matched controls. At the time of sacrifice, blood was collected for glucose and insulin level determination, the pancreata of the STZ rats were harvested for histological analysis and cardiomyocytes prepared from the DIO and Zucker fa/fa hearts for determination of insulin sensitivity.Results
Type 1 diabetic model: Prosopis glandulosa treatment resulted in significant increased insulin levels (p < 0.001), which was accompanied by a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, Prosopis glandulosa treatment resulted in increased small β-cells (p < 0.001) in the pancreata. The body weight of the STZ animals decreased significantly after STZ injection, with Prosopis glandulosa treatment partially preventing this. Zucker fa/fa rats: Prosopis glandulosa treatment significantly reduced fasting glucose levels (p < 0.01) and improved IPGTT, when comparing treated to untreated animals. DIO insulin resistant model: Prosopis glandulosa treatment resulted in an increased basal (p < 0.01) and insulin-stimulated (p < 0.05) glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes prepared from this group.Conclusions
The present study showed that Prosopis glandulosa treatment moderately lowers glucose levels in different animal models of diabetes, stimulates insulin secretion, leads to the formation of small β-cells and improves insulin sensitivity of isolated cardiomyocytes. 相似文献8.
Nsaka Lumpu S Tona Lutete G Kambu Kabangu O Cimanga Kanyanga R Apers S Pieters L Vlietinck AJ 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012,142(3):620-626
Aim of the study
To evaluate the antidiarrhoeal properties of Alstonia congensis leaves claimed to be effective for the treatment of diarrhoea by traditional healers during our ethnopharmacological investigation conducted in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.Materials and methods
The aqueous extract (decoction), and the 80% hot methanol extract (Soxhlet extraction) were obtained. This last extract was fractionated. The antidiarrhoeal activity was evaluated using castor oil and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea in animals. The potential antibacterial activity of all samples was also assessed in vitro.Results
At all oral doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, all A. congensis samples showed significant and dose-dependent antidiarrhoeal activity in treated Wistar rats characterised by significant increase of onset time and decrease of all other diarrhoeal parameters at various degrees compared to untreated groups in both models. At the highest oral dose of 200 mg/kg bodyweight, the 80% hot methanol and aqueous extracts produced 79.8±2.1% and 78.6±0.5%, and 75.0±2.1% and 71.4±2.1% inhibition of defecation and diarrhoea respectively against castor oil-induced diarrhoea, and 75.0±1.2% and 73.3±1.2% inhibition of diarrhoea respectively against magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea. The 80% hot methanol and aqueous detannified extracts showed low activity (42–47% inhibition of defecation and/or diarrhoea in both tests) suggesting that tannins may be responsible for the observed activity. At the same oral doses, the total alkaloid extract, the chloroform soluble fraction rich in alkaloids, the 80% methanol and the alkaline aqueous soluble subfractions produced more than 50% inhibition of defecation and/or diarrhoea in both tests. From the antibacterial testing in vitro, results indicated that all A. congensis samples exhibited an antibacterial activity mainly against bacteria implicated in diarrhoea with MIC and MBC values in the range of 15.6–500 μg/ml. The most active samples were the aqueous (decoction) and the 80% hot methanol dried extracts, the chloroform subfraction rich in alkaloids and the total alkaloid extract (MIC: 15.7–125 μg/ml, MBC: 31.2–250 μg/ml). Proteus varibilis was found to be the most resistant microorganism.Conclusion
These reported results can partly support and justify the traditional use of extracts from Alstonia congensis leaves for the treatment of diarrhoea in tradittional medicine. 相似文献9.
Haoping Mao Han Zhang Hong Wang Yuefei Wang Fenrong Zhao Limin Hu Nobuyuki Yanagihara Xiumei Gao 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) is a well known traditional Chinese herb, which has been used widely in China for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in clinic.Aim of this study
The aim of the present study is to clarify the effects of lipophilic extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (LESM) on catecholamine (CA) secretion, a traditional Chinese medicine used widely for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China.Materials and methods
LESM was evaluated for its effects on CA secretion using HPLC-ECD method. The effects of LESM on 22Na+ influx and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) were also investigated.Results
Our results showed that LEMS directly stimulated basal CA secretion in an extracellular Ca2+-dependent manner. And the stimulation was not affected by combination of hexamethonium (Hex), an inhibitor of nAChR. LESM also directly elevated [Ca2+]i. In addition, using selective blockers of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, such as nitrendipine (for L-type), ω-agatoxin-IVA (for P-type) and ω-conotoxin-GVIA (for N-type), it was found that nitrendipine suppressed the elevation of [Ca2+]i induced by LESM, but not ω-agatoxin-IVA or ω-conotoxin-GVIA. Compared with acetylcholine (ACh) only, however, combination of LESM with ACh inhibited the raise of CA secretion, 22Na+ influx and [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, LESM also inhibited CA secretion induced by veratridine (Ver), and 56 mM K+ at concentrations similar to those for [Ca2+]i rise. One of the lipophilic active compounds, cryptotanshione (Cryp), also had the same effects on CA secretion with LESM.Conclusions
All these findings suggest that LESM exerts dual effects on CA secretion in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. LESM exerts antagonistic effects on nAChR, voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels, whereas it is an agonist of L-type Ca2+ channel when it used alone. 相似文献10.
Jince Mary Joseph 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010,131(1):216-219
Aim of the study
This study was aimed to evaluate the antiulcer activity of the whole plants of Hedyotis puberula (G. Don) R. Br. ex Arn.Materials and methods
Gastroprotective potential of the Hedyotis puberula methanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was studied on indomethacin (IND), ethanol and pyloric ligation (PL)-induced gastric ulcer models in rats.Results
The treatment with Hedyotis puberula extract at 400 mg/kg p.o. protected the rats against the ulceration which was comparable to the reference drug omeprazole. Pretreatment with extract protected rats from gastric lesion development by way of increased pH and decreased volume, acidity and pepsin content of gastric secretion. Furthermore, total carbohydrate: protein ratio of the gastric juice were noticeably increased in pretreated rats.Conclusion
Results of our study showed that Hedyotis puberula possess significant gastroprotective activity and validate the folklore claim. 相似文献11.
In vivo inhibition of gastric acid secretion by the aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis L. in rodents
Mesía-Vela S Bielavsky M Torres LM Freire SM Lima-Landman MT Souccar C Lapa AJ 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2007,111(2):403-408
The freeze-dried aqueous extract (AE) from the aerial parts of Scoparia dulcis was tested for its effects on experimental gastric hypersecretion and ulcer in rodents. Administration of AE to animals with 4h pylorus ligature potently reduced the gastric secretion with ED(50)s of 195 mg/kg (rats) and 306 mg/kg (mice). The AE also inhibited the histamine- or bethanechol-stimulated gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated mice with similar potency suggesting inhibition of the proton pump. Bio-guided purification of the AE yielded a flavonoid-rich fraction (BuF), with a specific activity 4-8 times higher than the AE in the pylorus ligature model. BuF also inhibited the hydrolysis of ATP by H(+),K(+)-ATPase with an IC(50) of 500 microg/ml, indicating that the inhibition of gastric acid secretion of Scoparia dulcis is related to the inhibition of the proton pump. Furthermore, the AE inhibited the establishment of acute gastric lesions induced in rats by indomethacin (ED(50)=313 mg/kg, p.o.) and ethanol (ED(50)=490 mg/kg, p.o.). No influence of the AE on gastrointestinal transit allowed discarding a possible CNS or a cholinergic interaction in the inhibition of gastric secretion by the AE. Collectively, the present data pharmacologically validates the popular use of Scoparia dulcis in gastric disturbances. 相似文献
12.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk (Acanthaceae) was first found in Northern Vietnam and expanded throughout the country including the Mekong Delta region. The leaves of this plant are recommended in folk medicine of Vietnam and Thailand for promoting and treating various diseases including hypertension, diarrhea, arthritis, hemorrhoids, stomachache, tumors, colitis, bleeding, wounds, constipation, flu, colon cancer, nephritis, and diabetes.Aim of the study
The hypoglycemic effect of an 80% ethanolic leaf extract from the leaves of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (PPE) was investigated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Materials and methods
The PPE was administered daily and orally to the rats at the doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 14 days. The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin, and biochemical data such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated. The hypoglycemic effect of PPE was compared to that of the known anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg b.w.).Results
FPG and serum insulin in normal rats were not significantly different from the control and test groups in all dosages. The treated diabetic rats which had received PPE and glibenclamide showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased FPG and increased serum insulin levels at the end of the experiment. The hypoglycemic effect of PPE at the dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. was significantly (p < 0.05) more effective than that of glibenclamide. The serum insulin in PPE fed diabetic rats at the dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. was not different from those which had received glibenclamide, and this dose was significantly (p < 0.05) more effective than PPE at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. while PPE increased HDL and decreased TC, TG, LDL, BUN and ALP in the diabetic rats.Conclusions
PPE has a beneficial effect in hyperglycemic rats and may prevent the complication of diabetes. 相似文献13.
Ming-Jyh Sheu Pei-Yu Chou Hsu-Chen Cheng Chieh-Hsi Wu Guan-Jhong Huang Bor-Sen Wang Jwo-Sheng Chen Yi-Chung Chien Ming-Hsing Huang 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Aims of the study
This study investigated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of a water extract of Trachelospermum jasminoides (WET) in ICR mice.Materials and methods
In HPLC analysis, the fingerprint chromatogram of WET was established. Acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced pain were examined the analgesics effects of WET. WET on λ-Carrageenan(carr)-induced paw edema was performed. We investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of WET via studies of the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRx) in the liver and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite oxide (NO) in the edema paw. Serum NO and TNF-α were also measured.Results
The fingerprint chromatogram of WET was established through HPLC analysis, and implies that WET contains the active ingredient gallic acid, chlorgenic acid, caffeic acid, taxifolin, isoquercitrin and quercetin. WET significantly inhibited the numbers of acetic acid-induced writhing responses and the formalin-induced pain in the late phase. In the anti-inflammatory test, WET inhibited the development of paw edema induced by carr. WET decreased the paw edema at the third, fourth and fifth hour after carr administration, and increased the activities of SOD, GPx and GRx in the liver tissue and decreased the MDA level in the edema paw at the third hour after carr injection. WET decreased the level of NO in edematous paw tissue and in serum level, and diminished the level of serum TNF-α at the fifth hour after carr injection.Conclusions
These results demonstrated that WET is an effective anti-inflammatory agent in carr-induced inflammation. WET probably exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing TNF-α and NO. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of WET might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA in the edema paw via increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRx in the liver. 相似文献14.
Ethnopharmacological relervance
Pyrenacantha staudtii Engl. (Icacinaceae) is a plant which is traditionally used for the treatment of blemnorrhea, hernia, insomnia, intestinal pain and diarrhea in Nigeria. Therefore the core aim of the present study is to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of Pyrenacantha staudtii aqueous extract (PSE).Materials and methods
The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea method. The effects of Pyrenacantha staudtii aqueous extract on gastrointestinal motility, intestinal transit and enteropooling were also examined in rodents. The acute toxicity effect of the aqueous extract of Pyrenacantha staudtii was also investigated.Results
Pyrenacantha staudtii aqueous extract (PSE, 100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced dose-dependent and significant (P < 0.05-0.01) protection of rats and mice against castor oil-induced diarrhea, inhibited intestinal transit, and delayed gastric emptying. PSE, produced dose-dependent and significant (P < 0.05-0.01) antimotility effect, caused dose-related inhibition of castor-oil-induced enteropooling in animals, comparable to atropine (1 mg/kg, p.o.). Like loperamide (10 mg/kg, p.o.), PSE, dose-dependently and significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) delayed the onset of castor-oil induced diarrhea, decreased the frequency of defecation, and reduced the severity of diarrhea in the rodents. Compared with control animals, PSE, dose-dependently and significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) decreased the volume of castor oil-induced intestinal fluid secretion, and reduced the number, weight and wetness of fecal droppings.Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate that PSE possesses antidiarrheal property in rats and mice. These findings confirm the ethnomedicinal use of Pyrenacantha staudtii leaf as a valuable natural remedy for the treatment, management and/or control of diarrhea. 相似文献15.
Soncini R Santiago MB Orlandi L Moraes GO Peloso AL dos Santos MH Alves-da-Silva G Paffaro VA Bento AC Giusti-Paiva A 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,133(2):353-357
Aim of the study
Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) leaves are used in Brazilian traditional medicine to treat hypertension. This study was conducted to evaluate the hypotensive effect of the aqueous extract of Averrhoa carambola (AEAc) and its underlying mechanisms in the isolated rat aorta.Materials and methods
The effect of AEAc on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was determined in vivo in anesthetized rats. In vitro, thoracic aortic rings were isolated and suspended in organ baths, and the effects of AEAc were studied by means of isometric tension recording experiments. In HPLC analysis, the fingerprint chromatogram of AEAc was established.Results
In normotensive rats, AEAc (12.5-50.0 mg/kg, i.v.) induced dose-dependent hypotension. In vitro, AEAc caused a depression in the Emax response to phenylephrine without a change in sensibility. Also, in a depolarized Ca2+-free medium, AEAc inhibited CaCl2-induced contractions and caused a concentration-dependent rightward shift of the response curves, indicating that AEAc inhibited the contractile mechanisms involving extracellular Ca2+ influx.Conclusions
These results demonstrate the hypotensive effects of AEAc, and these effects may, in part, be due to the inhibition of Ca2+, which supports previous claims of its traditional use. 相似文献16.
Martínez-Vázquez M Estrada-Reyes R Martínez-Laurrabaquio A López-Rubalcava C Heinze G 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012,141(3):908-917
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Dracocephalum moldavica is used as a tranquilizer and as remedy for nervous conditions relief in the Mexican traditional medicine. Despite its intensive use no literature reported neuropharmacological studies on Dracocephalum moldavica as yet.Aim of the study
The sedative, anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects of the aqueous extract of aerial parts of Dracocephalum moldavica (Lamiaceae) (DM) were evaluated in behavioral models in mice. The general toxic effects of DM were evaluated as well as their chemical analysis was performed.Materials and methods
DM effects were evaluated on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time (SPT), the hole-board (HBT), and the avoidance exploratory behavior (AEBT) tests and on the forced swimming test (FST). General activity and motor coordination were evaluated in the open field (OFT) and Rota-rod tests, respectively. The acute toxicity of DM was determinate by its LD50 dose. The chemical analyses DM were performed by chromatographic and HPLC–ESI-MS techniques.Results
DM prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, induced sedation in the HBT, decreased spontaneous activity and produced motor coordination impairment in mice. However, DM did not show anxiolytic effects in the AEBT or HBT and it was not effective in FST. The DM-treatment produced mortalities with LD50 = 470 mg/kg body weight.The HPLC–ESI-MS analysis of DM revealed that (acacetin, apigenin and luteolin)-7-O-β-d-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside derivates are the main compounds of DM.Conclusions
DM induced sedative actions and a general inhibition of CNS activity observed by the decrease of animals’ general activity, motor coordination and exploration. 相似文献17.
Aim
Tabernaemontana crassa Benth. is a medicinal plant widely used in Cameroon folk medicine to treat a variety of affections. This study was aimed at evaluating its toxicological profile.Materials and methods
The 70% (v/v) hydroethanol (HE) extract from the stem bark of this plant was given to albino Wistar rats by oral gavage to study the acute and sub-acute toxicities.Results
The results of histopathological studies revealed that there was a dose-related effect in liver, lungs and kidneys and that there was no difference in tissue profile of control group and those receiving 6 weeks daily treatment of 0.5 g/kg b.w. The result of the acute toxicity indicated the medium lethal dose (LD50) of 6.75 g/kg body weight (b.w.) after 48 h of treatment and the significant variation (P < 0.05) of the relative body weight, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil) and creatinine (SCr) at the dose of 6 g/kg b.w. These results also indicated significant variation of the liver alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT, total proteins (TP), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and renal creatinine (RCr) and urea (RU) at 6 g/kg b.w. The result of the sub-acute toxicity showed significant changes in the body weight but no modification (P > 0.05) of blood and liver indices for the animal taking 6 weeks daily doses of the HE compared to the control group.Conclusions
The results showed that this extract was fairly non-toxic but that consumption of higher doses up to 6 g/kg b.w. could cause organ injuries. Moderated consumption of small doses up to 0.5 g/kg b.w. daily for 6 weeks appeared to be safe. 相似文献18.
Awodele O Oreagba IA Odoma S da Silva JA Osunkalu VO 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012,139(2):330-336
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The rapid increase in consumption of herbal remedies worldwide has been stimulated by several factors, including the notion that all herbal products are safe and effective. However, over the past decade, several news-catching episodes in developed communities indicated adverse effects, sometimes life-threatening, allegedly arising as a consequence to taking herbal products or traditional medicines from various ethnic groups. Despite the popular use of Moringa oleifera for treating various disorders, there is limited or no scientific data available regarding safety aspects of this remedy, nor are there any documented toxicological studies that can be used to ascertain the safety index of its herbal preparation. Therefore, this present study aimed to carry out extensive toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera.Materials and Methods
In an acute toxicity test, male Wistar albino mice were orally administered an aqueous extract up to 6400 mg/kg and intraperitoneally up to 2000 mg/kg. A sub-chronic toxicity test was performed by daily administration with the extract at 250, 500 and 1500 mg/kg orally for 60 days. Control rats received distilled water. Sperm quality was analyzed, haematological and biochemical (liver enzymes, urea and creatinine) parameters were determined and a histopathological examination was carried out.Results
The LD50 was estimated to be 1585 mg/kg. The extract did not elicit any significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in sperm quality, haematological and biochemical parameters in the treated rats compared to the control. Moreover, there was no significant difference in weight gain of the control and treated animals although there was a dose-dependent reduction in food consumption of the animals treated with 250 to 1500 mg/kg extract.Conclusions
Results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera is relatively safe when administered orally. 相似文献19.
Ojewole JA 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2008,117(1):130-135
Extracts of Rhus chirindensis stem-bark are used extensively in South African traditional medicines for the treatment, management and/or control of an array of human ailments, including childhood convulsions and epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the anticonvulsant activity of the plant's stem-bark aqueous extract (RCE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-, picrotoxin (PCT)- and bicuculline (BCL)-induced seizures in mice. Phenobarbitone and diazepam were used as reference anticonvulsant drugs for comparison. Single intraperitoneal injections of PTZ (90 mg/kg), PCT(10 mg/kg) or BCL (30 mg/kg) produced tonic-clonic seizures. Like the standard antiseizure drugs used, Rhus chirindensis stem-bark aqueous extract (RCE, 100-800 mg/kg i.p.) significantly delayed (p<0.05-0.001) the onset of, and antagonized pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. The plant's stem-bark aqueous extract (RCE, 100-800 mg/kg i.p.) also profoundly antagonized picrotoxin-induced seizures, but only weakly antagonized bicuculline-induced seizures. Although the data obtained in the present study do not provide conclusive evidence, it would appear that RCE produces its antiseizure effect by enhancing GABAergic neurotransmission and/or action in the brain. The results of this laboratory animal study indicate that RCE possesses anticonvulsant activity in the mammalian experimental model used, and thus suggest that the plant may be used as a natural supplementary remedy in the management, control and/or treatment of childhood convulsions and epilepsy. In conclusion, the findings of this study lend pharmacological credence to the suggested folkloric, ethnomedical uses of Rhus chirindensis in the management of childhood convulsions and epilepsy in some rural communities of South Africa. 相似文献
20.
Roland Hellinger Johannes Koehbach Halyna Fedchuk Barbara Sauer Roman Huber Christian W. Gruber Carsten Gründemann 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2014