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1.
Ruiz L Ruiz L Maco M Cobos M Gutierrez-Choquevilca AL Roumy V 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,133(2):917-921
Aim of the study
In order to evaluate the antimalarial potential of traditional remedies used in Peru, Indigenous and Mestizo populations from the river Nanay in Loreto were interviewed about traditional medication for the treatment of malaria.Materials and methods
The survey took place on six villages and led to the collection of 59 plants. 35 hydro-alcoholic extractions were performed on the 21 most cited plants. The extracts were then tested for antiplasmodial activity in vitro on Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant strain (FCR-3), and ferriprotoporphyrin inhibition test was also performed in order to assume pharmacological properties.Results
Extracts from 9 plants on twenty-one tested (Abuta rufescens, Ayapana lanceolata, Capsiandra angustifolia, Citrus limon, Citrus paradise, Minquartia guianensis, Potalia resinífera, Scoparia dulcis, and Physalis angulata) displayed an interesting antiplasmodial activity (IC50 < 10 μg/ml) and 16 remedies were active on the ferriprotoporphyrin inhibition test.Conclusions
The results give scientific validation to the traditional medical knowledge of the Amerindian and Mestizo populations from Loreto and exhibit a source of potentially active plants. 相似文献2.
Mbeunkui F Grace MH Lategan C Smith PJ Raskin I Lila MA 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012,139(2):471-477
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The stem bark of Geissospermum vellosii has been traditionally used by the native population of northern South America to treat malaria. Indole alkaloids have been previously isolated from this plant, but the antiplasmodial constituents have not yet been described. As part of our ongoing investigations of new bioactive compounds with activity against malaria parasites, we tested the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of isolated fractions and purified alkaloids from Geissospermum vellosii.Materials and methods
Indole alkaloids were isolated and identified from a methanolic crude extract of Geissospermum vellosii bark using a combination of high performance counter current chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance technologies. The methanolic extract, the crude alkaloid fractions and the purified compounds were tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum (D10).Results
An indole alkaloid (4) along with four known indole alkaloids, geissolosimine (1), geissospermine (2), geissoschizoline (3), and vellosiminol (5) were isolated and structure elucidated. The antiplasmodial activity (IC50) of the methanolic crude extract was 2.22 μg/mL, while for the isolated compounds it ranged from 0.96 μM to 13.96 μM except for (5) which showed a low activity (157 μM). Geissolosimine (1) showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (0.96 μM).Conclusions
This study provides evidence to support the use of Geissospermum vellosii as an antimalarial agent, as used by the native populations. Geissolosimine (1) is a lead molecular structure for possible antimalarial drug development. 相似文献3.
Background
From antiquity up into the 20th century tertian and quartan malaria which are caused by the parasites Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae were widespread in Central Europe. Hundreds of different remedies against malaria can be found in herbals from the Renaissance.Aim of the study
To document and discuss from a modern pharmacological viewpoint the old remedies described in eight 16th and 17th century herbals written in German.Materials and methods
Eight of the most important herbals of the 16th and17th century including Bock (1577), Fuchs (1543), Matthiolus (1590), Lonicerus (1560), Brunfels (1532), Zwinger (1696), and Tabernaemontanus (1591 and 1678) were searched for terms related to malaria, and documented plants and recipes described for its treatment. Additionally the overlapping of these remedies with those in De Materia Medica by the Greek physician Dioscorides was studied.Results
Three hundred and fourteen taxa were identified in the herbals for this indication. Recent pharmacological data was found for just 5% of them. The influence of De Materia Medica was shown to be negligible with only 3.5% of the remedies in common.Conclusions
European Renaissance herbals may be a valuable source of information for the selection of plants for focussed antiplasmodial screening programmes, but have received only little scientific attention. Antimalarial remedies from these herbals must be viewed as independent sources of knowledge separate from Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica. 相似文献4.
Adams M Gschwind S Zimmermann S Kaiser M Hamburger M 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,135(1):43-47
Aim of the study
In a preliminary screen of extracts from plants used as antimalarial remedies used in Europe in the 16th and 17th, the ethyl acetate extract of Alisma plantago-aquatica L. (Alismataceae) was active against Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain with 77% growth inhibition at 4.9 μg/ml. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the substances responsible for this antiplasmodial activity.Materials and methods
With HPLC-based activity profiling in combination with HPLC hyphenated methods (HPLC-PDA, -MSn, HR-MS, and off-line microprobe NMR) the activity was assigned to time windows, and the substances contained therein were characterised chemically. The active compounds were isolated with semi-preparative HPLC and structures were elucidated with high resolution mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.Results
Four compounds were isolated and identified as protostane triterpenoids alisol A, alisol B 11-monoacetate, alisol B 23-monoacetate, and alisol G. Their IC50s against Plasmodium falciparum ranged from 5.4 to 13.8 μM.Conclusions
This is the first report of antiplasmodial activity from protostanes triterpenoids, and the first result of our ongoing project of screening for antiprotozoal natural products from remedies used in European renaissance medicine. 相似文献5.
Lekana-Douki JB Bongui JB Oyegue Liabagui SL Zang Edou SE Zatra R Bisvigou U Druilhe P Lebibi J Toure Ndouo FS Kombila M 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,133(3):1103-1108
Aim of the study
As part of a project to identify new compounds active on malarial parasites, we tested the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of nine plants traditionally used to treat malaria symptoms in Haut-Ogooué Province, South-East Gabon.Materials and methods
Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of each plant were tested for their antiplasmodial activity on two chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (FCB and W2), based on lactate dehydrogenase activity. Cytotoxicity was assessed with the MTT test on MRC-5 human diploid embryonic lung cells.Results
The methanolic extract of Staudtia gabonensis and the dichloromethane extract of Adhatoda latibracteata showed high antiplasmodial activity (IC50 < 1 μg/ml) and low cytotoxicity, with selectivity indexes of about 58.25 and 16.43, respectively. The methanolic extract of Monodora myristica and the dichloromethane extract of Afromomum giganteum also showed promising activity (1 < IC50 < 10 μg/ml) and low cytotoxicity, with selectivity indexes about 15.70 and 12.48, respectively. Dichloromethane extracts of Monodora myristica and Leonotis Africana showed moderate activity (10 < IC50 < 40 μg/ml), with selectivity indexes about 6.07 and 28.89, respectively. Both extracts of Culcasia lancifolia had IC50 values of 10-40 μg/ml but high cytotoxicity (selectivity indexes <2.77). The methanolic extract of Dorstenia klaineana had moderate antiplasmodial activity (IC50 around 17 μg/ml) but strong cytotoxicity (0.43 μg/ml), giving a selectivity index of about 0.03.Conclusions
Most extracts of nine selected plants traditionally used to treat malaria in Gabon had interesting antiplasmodial activity in vitro. This supports continued investigations of traditional medicines in the search for new antimalarial agents. The compounds responsible for the observed antiplasmodial effects are under investigation. 相似文献6.
Rocky Graziose Thirumurugan Rathinasabapathy Carmen LateganAlexander Poulev Peter J. SmithMary Grace Mary Ann LilaIlya Raskin 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,133(1):26-30
Aim of the study
The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the active constituents of the traditionally used antimalarial plant Liriodendron tulipifera by antiplasmodial-assay guided fractionation.Materials and methods
Bark and leaves were extracted with solvents of increasing polarity. Fractions were generated using flash chromatography, counter current chromatography and preparative HPLC and subjected to in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity assays. Active fractions were subjected to further fractionation until pure compounds were isolated, for which the IC50 values were calculated.Results and discussion
Six known aporphine alkaloids, asimilobine (1), norushinsunine (2), norglaucine (3), liriodenine (4), anonaine (5) and oxoglaucine (6) were found to be responsible for the antiplasmodial activity of the bark. Leaves yielded two known sesquiterpene lactones, peroxyferolide (7) and lipiferolide (8) with antiplasmodial activity. The antiplasmodial activity of (2) (IC50 = 29.6 μg/mL), (3) (IC50 = 22.0 μg/mL), (6) (IC50 = 9.1 μg/mL), (7) (IC50 = 6.2 μg/mL) and (8) (IC50 = 1.8 μg/mL) are reported for the first time.Conclusion
This work supports the historical use of Liriodendron tulipifera as an antimalarial remedy of the United States and characterizes its antiplasmodial constituents. 相似文献7.
Wangchuk P Keller PA Pyne SG Taweechotipatr M Tonsomboon A Rattanajak R Kamchonwongpaisan S 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,137(1):730-742
Ethnopharmacological relevance
As many as 229 medicinal plants have been currently used in the Bhutanese Traditional Medicine (BTM) as a chief ingredient of polyherbal formulations and these plants have been individually indicated for treating various types of infections including malaria, tumor, and microbial. We have focused our study only on seven species of these plants.Aim of the study
We aim to evaluate the antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, anti-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and cytotoxicity activities of the seven medicinal plants of Bhutan selected using an ethno-directed bio-rational approach. This study creates a scientific basis for their use in the BTM and gives foundation for further phytochemical and biological evaluations which can result in the discovery of new drug lead compounds.Materials and methods
A three stage process was conducted which consisted of: (1) an assessment of a pharmacopoeia and a formulary book of the BTM for their mode of plant uses; (2) selecting 25 anti-infective medicinal plants based on the five established criteria, collecting them, and screening for their major classes of phytochemicals using appropriate test protocols; and (3) finally analyzing the crude extracts of the seven medicinal plants, using the standard test protocols, for their antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, anti-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and cytotoxicity activities as directed by the ethnopharmacological uses of each plant.Results
Out of 25 medicinal plants screened for their major classes of phytochemicals, the majority contained tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Out of the seven plant species investigated for their biological activities, all seven of them exhibited mild antimicrobial properties, five plants gave significant in vitro antiplasmodial activities, two plants gave moderate anti-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense activity, and one plant showed mild cytotoxicity. Meconopsis simplicifolia showed the highest antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 0.40 μg/ml against TM4/8.2 strain (a wild type chloroquine and antifolate sensitive strain) and 6.39 μg/ml against K1CB1 (multidrug resistant strain) strain. Significantly the extracts from this plant did not show any cytotoxicity.Conclusions
These findings provide the scientific basis for the use of seven medicinal plants in the BTM for the treatment of malaria, microbial infections, infectious fevers, and the Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection. The results also form a good preliminary basis for the prioritization of candidate plant species for further in-depth phytochemical and pharmacological investigations toward our quest to unearth lead antiparasitic, anticancer and antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献8.
Trentin Dda S Giordani RB Zimmer KR da Silva AG da Silva MV Correia MT Baumvol IJ Macedo AJ 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,137(1):327-335
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Medicinal plants from the Caatinga, a Brazilian xeric shrubland, are used in folk medicine to treat infections. These ethnopharmacological data can contribute to obtaining new antimicrobial/antibiofilm extracts and natural product prototypes for the development of new drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiofilm and antibacterial activities of 45 aqueous extracts from 24 Caatinga plant species.Materials and methods
The effect of aqueous extracts on planktonic cells and on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis was studied by the OD600 absorbance and by the crystal violet assay, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to generate comparative images of extract-treated and untreated biofilms. Chromatographic analyses were performed to characterize the active extracts.Results
The in vitro screening, at 0.4 mg/mL and 4.0 mg/mL, showed 20 plants effective in preventing biofilm formation and 13 plants able to inhibit planktonic bacterial growth. SEM images demonstrated distinct profiles of bacterial adhesion, matrix production and cell morphology according to different treatments and surfaces. The phytochemical analysis of the selected active extracts indicates the polyphenols, coumarins, steroids and terpenes as possible active compounds.Conclusion
This study describes the first antibiofilm and antibacterial screening of Caatinga plants against S. epidermidis. The evaluation presented in this study confirms several ethnopharmacological reports and can be utilized to identify new antibiofilm and antibacterial products against S. epidermidis from traditional Brazilian medicine. 相似文献9.
Aim of study
We performed an ethnobotanical study of plants used to treat malaria in Nyakayojo sub-county in south western Uganda because malaria in this region, and in Uganda at large, is still the single most important reason for ill health and mortality. Two of the most vulnerable groups affected by malaria are young children and pregnant women and plants are commonly used in their treatment.Materials and methods
Twenty-eight traditional birth attendants were interviewed about how they used plants to treat malaria. Review of the literature available on all species identified was undertaken.Results
Altogether 56 plant species were used by the informants, 48 of which have been identified to species level. Thirty-two (67%) of the species used by the respondents are documented for antimalarial use in other studies, and nearly half (44%) have documented anti-plasmodial activity. Fifty-five percent of the species were used by 2 or more of the respondents. The most commonly used species were Vernonia amygdalina, the indigenous Aloe species, Justicia betonica, Vernonia adoensis and Tithonia diversifolia. It was common to use more than one plant in a recipe (43%). The respondents had good knowledge of the symptom of malaria, and fairly good understanding of the causes.Conclusion
The interviews show that the group of traditional birth attendants has an extensive and diverse knowledge on plants used in the treatment of malaria. The literature survey may indicate a possible explanation for the use of several plants. 相似文献10.
Zakaria ZA Abdul Hisam EE Rofiee MS Norhafizah M Somchit MN Teh LK Salleh MZ 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,137(2):1047-1054
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Bauhinia purpurea (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various ailments, including ulcers. In order to establish pharmacological properties of the leaf of Bauhinia purpurea, studies were performed on antiulcer activity of the plant's aqueous extract.Materials and methods
The Bauhinia purpurea aqueous extract (BPAE) was prepared in the doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Antiulcer activity of BPAE was evaluated by absolute ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer, and pyloric ligation models. Acute toxicity was also carried out.Results
BPAE, at the dose of 5000 mg/kg, did not cause any signs of toxicity to rats when given orally. Oral administration of BPAE exhibited antiulcer activity (p < 0.05) in all models used. However, the dose-dependent activity was observed only in the absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Histological studies supported the observed antiulcer activity of BPAE. In pyloric ligation assay, BPAE increased the gastric wall mucus secretion.Conclusions
The BPAE exhibits antiulcer activity, which could be due to the presence of saponins or sugar-free polyphenols, and, thus, confirmed the traditional uses of Bauhinia purpurea in the treatment of ulcers. 相似文献11.
Boyom FF Fokou PV Yamthe LR Mfopa AN Kemgne EM Mbacham WF Tsamo E Zollo PH Gut J Rosenthal PJ 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,134(3):717-724
Aim of the study
In a search for new antimalarial leads, we have carried out a preliminary ethnopharmacological study with the aim of evaluating the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of extracts from thirteen Annonaceae species growing in Cameroon, and of assessing the acute toxicity of promising fractions in Swiss albino mice.Materials and methods
Plants were selected on the basis of an ethnobotanical survey carried out in four sites in centre and south regions of Cameroon (Yaoundé neighbourhoods, Kon-Yambetta, Ngobayang and Mbalmayo) on Annonaceae plants locally used to treat malaria and related symptoms. The choice of the sites was mainly based on environmental factors enabling mosquito breeding, cosmopolitan areas regrouping people from different cultural origins, areas with limited access to health centers, and areas with people relying exclusively on traditional medical practices. Collected materials were extracted by maceration in 95% ethanol. The crude extract was partitioned using organic solvents and the fractions afforded were evaluated for antiplasmodial activity in culture against the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Promising fractions (methanol fractions) were assessed for their acute toxicity in Swiss albino mice.Results
From the results achieved, 37 (31.3%) out of 118 extracts tested exhibited antiplasmodial activity, with IC50 values ranging from 1.07 μg/ml to 9.03 μg/ml. Of the active extracts, 29 (78.4%) were methanol fractions, 21 (72.4%) of which inhibited the parasites with IC50 < 5 μg/ml. The promising fractions proved to be safe through oral administration in mice.Conclusions
The activities and toxicity profiles of methanol fractions indicate that they deserve to be further investigated in detail for antimalarial lead discovery. 相似文献12.
Aim of the study
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Scutellariae radix (SR) and Aloe vera gel (AV), alone or in combination, on levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory cytokines in spontaneous atopic dermatitis(AD)-like skin lesions.Materials and methods
After spontaneous AD-like skin lesion was developed by adaptation to conventional conditions, mice were randomly assigned to control, SR (50 mg/kg, p.o.), AV (0.8 mg/kg, p.o.) and SRAV (50 mg of SR and 0.8 mg of AV/kg, p.o.) groups, and were treated for 6 weeks.Results
SR and SRAV suppressed IL-5 levels compared with control, but had no effects on IgE levels (P < 0.05). AV increased IgE levels, but decreased both IL-5 and IL-10 compared with control (P < 0.05).Conclusion
These results suggest that SR and AV modulate immunological responses in AD, mainly through influencing IL-5 or IL-10 levels. 相似文献13.
Lidia A. Nistor Baldea Louis C. Martineau Ali Benhaddou-Andaloussi John T. Arnason Émile Lévy 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010,132(2):473-482
Background
Type II diabetes and obesity are major health problems worldwide and aboriginal peoples are particularly at risk. To address this problem in Canadian native populations who find modern pharmaceuticals culturally inappropriate, our team is testing the traditional pharmacopeia of the James Bay Cree for anti-diabetic and anti-obesity activities. More specifically, the aim of the present study was to define the effects of traditional plants on intestinal glucose absorption, an under-appreciated anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-obesity activity.Methods
Crude ethanol extracts of 17 Boreal forest medicinal plants were tested in vitro using the Caco-2 human enterocytic cell line and in vivo using an oral glucose tolerance test.Results
Thirteen of seventeen extracts were observed to significantly inhibit uptake when administered simultaneously with 3H-deoxyglucose. Inhibition was dose-dependent and, in a few cases, even surpassed that induced by a combination of the positive controls. To validate these effects in vivo, four plant extracts were administered by intragastric gavage at 250 mg/kg to normal rats simultaneously with a 3 g/kg bolus of glucose. This resulted in a decrease in peak glycaemia by approximately 40% for two of them. Similarly, only 2 extracts reduced glucose transport after long term incubation and this could be related to reductions in the expression of SGLT-1 or GLUT-2 proteins.Conclusions
These findings indicate that competitive inhibition of intestinal glucose uptake can be achieved by crude extracts of medicinal plants. Such extracts could be taken with meals to control postprandial glycaemia and reduce caloric intake in high risk populations that are positively inclined towards traditional medicine. 相似文献14.
Tepongning RN Lucantoni L Nasuti CC Dori GU Yerbanga SR Lupidi G Marini C Rossi G Esposito F Habluetzel A 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,137(1):743-751
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The decoction of the combined stem barks of Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. (Meliaceae) and Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocynaceae) has a history of use in traditional medicine of central Cameroon for malaria treatment but also for the prevention of the disease.Aim of the study
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the antiplasmodial activity of Khaya ivorensis (K) and Alstonia boonei (A) preparations in the murine malaria model Plasmodium berghei/Anopheles stephensi, to estimate their prophylactic potential and to assess acute and sub-acute toxicity of the formulations prepared according to the traditional recipes.Materials and methods
Aqueous extracts from the stem-bark of the two plants were prepared and tested separately and in combination. BALB/c mice were treated for 9 days and challenged on day 3 by exposure to mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium berghei. Treatment doses ranged between 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, corresponding approximately to the dosage applied by traditional healers to cure malaria patients or prevent the disease. Parasitemia reduction in treated animals was calculated from Giemsa smear counts, of two replicate experiments. To estimate acute toxicity in terms of median lethal dose (LD50), geometrically increasing doses were administered to mice. Sub-acute toxicity of the herbal combination (KA) was investigated by administering the same doses as in the antiplasmodial activity test for a period of 14 days, followed by 14 days of recovery observation. Locomotor activity (Open Field Test), body weight, liver and kidney morphology were monitored.Results
The combination KA was found to exhibit antiplasmodial activity in the murine malaria model. In mice treated with the combination remedy at a dosage of 200 mg/kg/day, parasitemia values of 6.2% ± 1.7 and 6.5% ± 0.8 were recorded, compared to 10.8% ± 1.3 and 12.0% ± 4.0 in controls (p < 0.01). Doubling the dosage of the extracts did not significantly increase parasite suppression. When extracts of K and A were administered separately at a dosage of 400 mg/kg, a reduction in parasitemia was still obtained, but it did not reach statistical significance. Toxicity studies yielded comforting results: the LD50 was estimated to be greater than 2779.5 mg/kg. Moreover, mice exposed to the fourteen-day repeated-dose toxicity test (sub-acute toxicity test) did not display weight loss, liver or kidney morphological modifications, significant alterations in locomotor activity or any other sign of illness.Conclusion
The antiplasmodial activity and the wide dose interval between the therapeutic dosage and the toxic dosage exhibited by the KA herbal combination in the murine malaria model argue in favor of its use as an antimalarial prophylactic remedy. It remains to be demonstrated by human clinical trials whether the combination remedy, when taken by inhabitants during malaria transmission season, can reduce parasite density and lead to a reduction of malaria episodes in the community. 相似文献15.
Pan Y Abd-Rashid BA Ismail Z Ismail R Mak JW Pook PC Er HM Ong CE 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,133(2):881-887
Ethno pharmacological relevance
Andrographis paniculata (AP), Centella asiatica (CA) and Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) are three popular herbs traditionally used worldwide. AP is known for the treatment of infections and diabetes and CA is good for wound healing and healthy skin while OS is usually consumed as tea to treat kidney and urinary disorders. Interaction of these herbs with human cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19), a major hepatic CYP isoform involved in metabolism of many clinical drugs has not been investigated to date.Aim of the study
In this study, the modulatory effects of various extracts and major active constituents of AP, CA and OS on CYP2C19 activities were evaluated.Materials and methods
S-Mephenytoin, the CYP2C19 substrate probe, was incubated in the presence or absence of AP, CA and OS components. The changes in the rate of metabolite (hydroxymephenytoin) formation were subsequently determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based enzyme assay to characterize the modulatory effects.Results
Among the herbal extracts studied, AP ethanol extract and CA dichloromethane extract exhibited mixed type inhibition towards CYP2C19 with Ki values of 67.1 and 16.4 μg/ml respectively; CA ethanol extract and OS petroleum ether extract competitively inhibited CYP2C19 activity (Ki = 39.6 and 41.5 μg/ml respectively). Eupatorin (a major active constituent of OS) was found to significantly inhibit CYP2C19 by mixed type inhibition (Ki = 7.1 μg/ml or 20.6 μM).Conclusions
It was observed that AP, CA and OS inhibited CYP2C19 activity with varying potency. While weak inhibitory effect was observed with AP, moderate to strong inhibition was observed with CA dichloromethane extract and eupatorin, the major OS constituent. Therefore care should be taken when these CA and OS components are co-administered with CYP2C19 substrates (such as omeprazole, proguanil, barbiturates, citalopram, and diazepam). 相似文献16.
Jince Mary Joseph 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010,131(1):216-219
Aim of the study
This study was aimed to evaluate the antiulcer activity of the whole plants of Hedyotis puberula (G. Don) R. Br. ex Arn.Materials and methods
Gastroprotective potential of the Hedyotis puberula methanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was studied on indomethacin (IND), ethanol and pyloric ligation (PL)-induced gastric ulcer models in rats.Results
The treatment with Hedyotis puberula extract at 400 mg/kg p.o. protected the rats against the ulceration which was comparable to the reference drug omeprazole. Pretreatment with extract protected rats from gastric lesion development by way of increased pH and decreased volume, acidity and pepsin content of gastric secretion. Furthermore, total carbohydrate: protein ratio of the gastric juice were noticeably increased in pretreated rats.Conclusion
Results of our study showed that Hedyotis puberula possess significant gastroprotective activity and validate the folklore claim. 相似文献17.
Gathirwa JW Rukunga GM Mwitari PG Mwikwabe NM Kimani CW Muthaura CN Kiboi DM Nyangacha RM Omar SA 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,134(2):434-442
Aim of study
To identify plant species used by the traditional health practitioners (THPs) in treatment of malaria, carry out cytotoxicity and efficacy evaluation of the identified plants and to evaluate combination effects.Materials and methods
Thirteen plants were selected through interviews with traditional healers. In vitro antiplasmodial testing was done by measuring ability of the test sample to inhibit the incorporation of radio-labelled hypoxanthine into the malaria parasite. The extracts were tested singly and then in combination using the standard fixed ratio analysis to evaluate synergism. In vivo bioassay was done in mice using Peter's 4-days suppressive test and cytotoxicity evaluated in vitro using Vero E6 cells.Results
Of the plants tested in vitro, 25% were highly active (IC50 < 10 μg/ml), 46% moderately active (IC50 10-50 μg/ml), 16% had weak activity of 50-100 μg/ml while 13% were not active IC50 >100 μg/ml. Methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica, Premna chrysoclada and Uvaria acuminata were the most active (IC50 < 10 μg/ml) against both the chloroquine (CQ) sensitive (D6) and the CQ resistant (W2) Plasmodium falciparum clones. When tested in vivo in a mouse model, Azadirachta indica, Rhus natalensis and Grewia plagiophylla depicted the highest percent parasite clearance and chemo suppression of 89%, 82% and 78%, respectively. Evaluating effect of combining some of these extracts with one another against a multi-drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum (W2) clone revealed synergism among some combinations. The highest synergy was between Uvaria acuminata and Premna chrysoclada. The interaction between Grewia plagiophylla and Combretum illairii was largely antagonistic. Impressive cytotoxicity results were obtained with most of the plants tested revealing high selectivity indices an indication of enabling achievement of therapeutic doses at safe concentrations. Uvaria acuminata was, however, toxic to the cultured cells. Mild cytotoxicity was also observed in Hoslundia opposita and Lannea schweinfurthii (CC50 37 and 76 μg/ml, respectively).Conclusions
This study identified plants with low IC50 values, high percent chemo suppression and low cytotoxicity thus potential sources for novel antiplasmodial agents. The findings remotely justify use of combined medicinal plants in traditional medicine practices as synergy among some plant species was demonstrated. 相似文献18.
Namukobe J Kasenene JM Kiremire BT Byamukama R Kamatenesi-Mugisha M Krief S Dumontet V Kabasa JD 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,136(1):236-245
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The study was done to establish medicinal plants used in the treatment of various diseases by the people in the Northern sector of Kibale National Park in western Uganda. It was also aimed at establishing the plant parts used and the mode of preparation of remedies. These plants create a basis for phytochemical evaluation which can lead to the discovery of biologically active compounds that can be used as starting materials in the development of new drugs targeting selected diseases such as malaria.Materials and methods
The required information was obtained using open interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and transect walks.Results
Different medicinal plants (131 species) distributed over 55 families were observed to be used by the local communities around the Northern sector of Kibale National Park. The plants as reported in this paper are used to treat 43 physical illnesses/diseases. The most used parts of the plants are the leaves. Water is the main medium used for the preparation of the remedies which are mostly administered orally.Conclusion
The people in the study area have a rich heritage of traditional plants that are used in the health care system to treat diseases. These medicinal plants have contributed significantly to several disease therapies. The most common diseases treated are malaria and cough, which are mostly treated by Vernonia amygdalina Del. and Albizia coriaria Welw. respectively. The main sources of medicinal plants include bush land, home gardens, grasslands, and the forest. 相似文献19.
Gründemann C Gruber CW Hertrampf A Zehl M Kopp B Huber R 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,136(3):444-451
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Leaf extracts of Betula pendula have been traditionally used for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis.Aim of the study
We investigated the anti-proliferative capacity of an aqueous leaf extract of Betula pendula (BPE) on human primary lymphocytes in vitro, because activated lymphocytes play a major role in the initiation and maintenance of RA.Materials and methods
Lymphocyte proliferation and cell division was measured by the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases and by using the membrane-permeable dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE), respectively. Apoptosis was analyzed by surface staining of phosphatidylserine and intracellular activation of effector caspases 3 and 7 in comparison to the drug methotrexate using flow cytometric and photometrical analysis. In addition, the impact of the extract on cell cycle distribution was investigated by propidium iodide staining of DNA. For the bioassays BPE concentrations of 10-160 μg/mL were investigated. A phytochemical analysis, using LC-MS and HPLC, was conducted to identify the polyphenolic constituents of the birch leaf extract.Results
Leaf extracts of Betula pendula inhibited the growth and cell division (CD8+: 40 μg/mL: 45%; 80 μg/mL: 60%; 160 μg/mL: 87%) (CD4+: 40 μg/mL: 33%; 80 μg/mL: 54%; 160 μg/mL: 79%) of activated, but not of resting T lymphocytes in a significant dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation due to apoptosis induction (compared to untreated control: 40 μg/mL: 163%; 80 μg/mL: 240%; 160 μg/mL: 348%) and cell cycle arrest was comparable to that of methotrexate. LC-MS analyses showed that the extract contains different quercetin-glycosides.Conclusion
Our results give a rational basis for the use of Betula pendula leaf extract for the treatment of immune disorders, like rheumatoid arthritis, by diminishing proliferating inflammatory lymphocytes. 相似文献20.
Lee DH Seo BR Kim HY Gum GC Yu HH You HK Kang TH You YO 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,137(2):979-984