胰头癌姑息性手术的手术方式选择

目的探讨中晚期胰头癌姑息性手术的术式选择。方法对1995年1月-2003年6月期间收治的142例中晚期胰头癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果单纯胆囊空肠吻合术30天内死亡率为14．2％，术后黄疸或胆管炎复发率为61．9％，生存期为7．1个月；肝(胆)总管空肠吻合术死亡率为5．7％，黄疸和胆管炎复发率仅为6．8％，生存期10．3个月，但31．8％的病人术后半年内出现十二指肠梗阻；胆肠吻合加胃空肠吻合术生存期比前两组均高(13．9个月)，术后未出现十二指肠梗阻。结论胰头癌姑息性手术术式应尽量选择Roux-en-Y式的HDJS，同时应作预防性胃空肠吻合术。     

胰头癌的外科治疗：附142例报告

目的：探讨胰腺癌的外科治疗方法对其生活质量、生存时间的影响,以总结胰头癌的外科治疗经验。方法：回顾性分析1997年1月—2007年12月142例经手术治疗的胰头癌患者的临床及随访资料,142例分为根治性切除（RR）组(38例),姑息性切除(PR)组(15例),胆肠内引流(BJ)组(89例)。BJ组根据吻合方式再分为胆囊空肠吻合组(56例),胆管空肠吻合组(33例);是否附加胃空肠吻合又分为BJ+胃空肠吻合组(32例),BJ未附加胃空肠吻合组(57例)。观察各组生存时间及BJ组黄疸复发率、十二指肠梗阻发生率。结果：(1)RR,PR,BJ组的中位生存时间分别为13.6,10.7,7.8个月,RR组生存时间较PR,BJ组有明显延长（P<0.01）,但PR组与BJ组生存率相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。(2)BJ组中胆管空肠吻合组生存率显著高于胆囊空肠吻合组（P<0.05）;胆囊空肠吻合组、胆管空肠吻合组黄疸复发率分别为55.4%,9.1%（P<0.01）。附加胃空肠吻合组、未附加胃空肠吻合组十二指肠梗阻发生率分别为6.2%,22.8%（P<0.05）。结论：胰腺癌患者应首选根治性切除;对不能行根治性切除者宜选择胆管空肠、胃空肠双吻合手术,以期提高其生活质量、延长生存期。     

腹腔镜、内镜联合治疗晚期胰头癌的临床研究(附193例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜、内镜联合治疗晚期胰头癌,延长患者生存期并改善生活质量的方法与效果。方法:2000年12月至2008年12月我院为193例不能根治性切除的晚期胰头癌患者施行内镜金属支架和腹腔镜胆囊空肠、胃空肠内引流手术。结果:内镜治疗成功率达84.5%(163/193),内镜治疗失败或伴有十二指肠排空障碍者行腹腔镜内引流术成功率达100%(52/52)。术后患者黄疸消退,肝功能好转,能经口进食,提高了生活质量。内镜术后8例(4.9%)发生相关并发症,其中胆道感染5例(3.1%),急性水肿性胰腺炎3例(1.8%)。内镜治疗术后生存期最短3个月,最长37个月,平均(13.1±2.7)个月。腹腔镜内引流术后5例(9.6%)发生相关并发症,其中切口感染3例(5.8%),胃肠排空障碍2例(3.8%)。术后生存期最短2个月,最长21个月,平均(12.3±2.2)个月。结论:对于失去根治切除机会的晚期胰头癌患者,有针对性地选择内镜金属支架和腹腔镜胆肠、胃空肠吻合术,可达到微创、有效的姑息治疗效果,能较好地提高患者的生活质量,延长生存时间。     

保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术37例疗效分析

目的探讨保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术的手术疗效和手术并发症的发生率。方法回顾性总结解放军第401医院肝胆外科自2004年4月至2010年6月期间所行的37例保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术的手术体会,术后并发症发生情况,以及术后生存率。结果本组患者总并发症发生率为18.9%(7/37),其中胃排空障碍1例,胰瘘3例,肺部感染2例,切口感染1例。无胆瘘、十二指肠空肠吻合口漏、消化道应激性出血等并发症发生。37例患者全部获随访,随访时间为6～54个月,平均31.4个月。1年生存率为75.7%(28/37),2年生存率为56.3%(18/32),3年生存率为34.6%(9/26)。结论保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术不影响胰头癌、壶腹周围癌根治的彻底性,手术并发症低,术后恢复快,是一种安全有效的手术方式。     

胰十二指肠切除技术的改进与发展

1898年意大利Codivilla首次为病人实施了胰头和十二指肠的整块切除，切除范围包括了胃幽门部、十二指肠和胰头，术中结扎胆总管，关闭远端十二指肠，并用Roux-en-Y胃空肠吻合及胆囊空肠吻合重建了消化道，残留胰腺是如何处理的并不清楚，但术后病人生存了24天，开创了手术治疗胰腺癌的历史。     

胰、十二指肠切除方法

1898年意大利的Codivilla首次为病人实施了胰头和十二指肠的整块切除,切除范围包括了胃幽门部、十二指肠和胰头,术中结扎胆总管,关闭远端十二指肠,并用Roux-Y胃空肠吻合及胆囊空肠吻合重建了消化道,残留胰腺是如何处理的并不清楚,但术后病人生存了24d,开创了手术治疗胰腺癌的历史。1935年美国的Whipple为1例壶腹癌患者分两期(一期减黄,二期切除)成功实施了胰、十二指肠切除术之后,吸引了众多医师参与该术式的改进和推广。     

胰头癌姑息性手术加作胃空肠吻合必要性探讨

目的：探讨更好地解决胰头癌姑息性手术的问题。方法：对近12年收治的73例胰头癌患者，在不同时期，采取不同手术方式实施姑息性手术治疗进行回顾分析。结果：单纯胆囊空肠吻合术引流减黄效果不佳；肝（胆）总管空肠Roux-Y吻合减黄效果肯定，但缓解不了十二指肠梗阻；肝（胆）总管空肠Roux-Y吻合加作胃空肠吻合，减黄效果好，肝功能恢复快，且中位生存期明显较前两种术式组长（P＜0．01）。结论：在胰头癌姑息性手术治疗方法的选择上，应考虑到双重梗阻因素，即便尚未明确伴有十二指肠梗阻，预防性加作胃空肠吻合也是必要的。     

胰头十二指肠切除术

胰头十二指肠切除术的切除范围,包括胆总管下端、胰头、胃幽门区、十二指肠和空肠上段,以及这些脏器附近的淋巴结一并切除,然后将胰腺、胆管、胃与空肠之间做吻合,重建消化管通道。适应证:Vater壶腹、胆总管下端、胰头癌     

保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术和胰胃吻合术

本文的目的在于复习保留幽门式胰十二指肠切除 (ｐｙｌｏｒｕｓ ｐｒｅｓｅｒｖｉｎｇｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｏｄｅｎｅｃｔｏｍｙ ,ＰＰＰＤ)和胰胃吻合 (ｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｃｏｇａｓｔｒｏｓｔｏｍｙ ,ＰＧ)应用以来在胰腺外科的作用。1　保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术1 1　历史发展[1]1935年 ,Ｗｉｐｐｌｅ等报道第 1例二期胰十二指肠切除根治术获得成功。在第一期手术 ,作胃空肠吻合、胆总管远端结扎和胆囊胃吻合术减黄 ;第二期则切除了十二指肠第二部、Ｖａｔｅｒ壶腹和邻近的胰头及胆总管远端 ,残端胰腺予以缝闭。由于使幽门和胃窦形成盲端…     

胰头癌姑息性手术术式选择探讨

目的　探讨胰头癌姑息性手术的术式选择。方法　对近 2 0年来 187例姑息性手术治疗的胰头癌患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　手术死亡率 8 6 % ;肝 (胆 )总管空肠吻合术 (HDJS)手术死亡率并不高于胆囊空肠吻合术 (CJS) (P >0 .0 5 ) ,HDJS术后复发性黄疸和胆管炎发生率显著低于CJS(P <0 .0 2 5 ) ,术后生存期显著长于CJS(P <0 .0 1) ;胆肠吻合加胃空肠吻合术 (GJS)手术死亡率并不显著高于单纯胆肠吻合术 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,术后生存期却显著长于胆肠吻合术 (P <0 .0 1)。单纯胆肠吻合术十二指肠梗阻发生率为2 9 3%。结论　胰头癌姑息性手术术式应尽量选择Roux en Y式HDJS ,同时作预防性胃空肠吻合术。     

胃癌侵及胰腺的外科治疗

目的：探讨胃癌侵及胰腺外科治疗的手术适应证和术式选择。方法：回顾性分析我院1984年6月至2001年6月对58例胃癌怀疑侵及胰腺的患进行手术治疗的临床资料。结果：扩大根治切除组（联合胰腺切除）36例，经病理证实胰腺有癌细胞浸润24例（66．7％），淋巴结转移30例（83．3％），姑息切除组22例，术后并发症发生率15．5％，其中扩大根治切除组为16．7％，姑息切除组为13．6％，两差异无显性意义（P＞0．05），两组无手术死亡，随访48例，术后1、3、5年生存率扩大根治切除组分别为75．0％，38．9％，19．4％，姑息切除组分别为22．7％，9．1％，4．5％，扩大根治切除组术后1、3年生存率明显高于姑息切除组（P＜0．005），结论：对胃癌侵及胰腺的患，扩大根治切除可提高1、3年生存率，但选择适应证甚为重要。     

胃癌累及胰腺的外科治疗与预后(附120例报告)

目的探讨胃癌累及胰腺的外科治疗方法与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析我院1984年6月～2003年10月手术治疗累及胰腺的胃癌120例。结果本组120例中,根治切除组41例,姑息切除组23例,未切除组56例。根治组41例中经病理证实胰腺有癌细胞浸润者30例,占73.2%,淋巴结转移率为85.4%。其中No10、11淋巴结转移率为73.1%。术后102例得到随访,随访率为85%,1、3、5年的生存率分别为:根治切除组为73%、37%、17%,姑息切除组为22%、9%、4%,未切除组为9%、2%、0%。根治切除组1,3年生存率明显高于姑息性切除组和未切除组(P<0.05),5年生存率明显高于未切除组(P<0.01),但与姑息性切除组无显著性差异。姑息性切除组和未切除组1、3年生存率无显著性差异,但5年生存率明显高于未切除组(P<0.01)。结论胃癌累及胰腺的根治切除可提高1,3年生存率,选择合适的适应征是关键。姑息切除有助于改善生存质量,对改善预后意义不大。     

胃癌侵及胰头、十二指肠的根治性手术治疗

目的探讨胃癌侵犯胰头十二指肠进行根治切除术的治疗效果。方法应用胃癌根治术联合胰十二脂肠切除术治疗胃窦癌侵及胰头、十二指肠病人6例。胃窦癌侵及胰头、十二指肠为本手术的适应证,第1,2站淋巴结转移者临床疗效满意,手术安全性高;第3站淋巴结转移应视为本手术的禁忌证。结果本组无手术并发症发生,无手术死亡。术后半年随访,6例病人均存活。术后1年随访,生存5例,术后2年随访,生存4例。结论严格选择病例,联合胰十二指肠切除适用于胃癌侵犯胰头、十二指肠的根治性切除。     

胃癌侵犯胰头的根治性手术治疗(附13例报告)

目的探讨胃癌侵犯胰头的根治性手术方式及远期生存效果。方法对13例病人临床资料,手术方法及治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果8例行根治性胃大部分切除加部分胰腺组织切除,5例行联合胰十二指肠切除,两组病人术后生存率无明显差异,均明显高于姑息手术病人。8例行部分胰腺组织切除病人无胰瘘发生。结论严格选择病例,部分胰腺组织切除或联合胰十二指肠切除均适用于胃癌侵犯胰头的根治性切除。     

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas: a single-institution experience comparing resection and palliative care

BACKGROUND: Adenosquamous carcinoma is a rare malignancy of the exocrine pancreas. Previous literature has reported dismal survival for these patients. We examined our single-institution experience with this tumor to compare survival for sugical resection and palliative therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Records were reviewed for patients with adenosquamous pancreatic cancer evaluated during the years 1985 to 2003. Pathology specimens were reviewed. Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and categorical variables were compared with Chi-square analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were identified with adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas. Twelve patients underwent curative resection and 11 patients had either no surgery or a palliative bypass procedure. For the resection group the mean age was 69 years (7 men). In the nonoperative group the mean age was 65 years (6 men). Operative procedures included standard pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), 4 patients; pyloruspreserving PD, 3 patients; and distal pancreatectomy, 5 patients. Median length of stay was 13.5 days (7-30 d). Morbidity included delayed gastric emptying (4 patients), leak (2 patients), superficial skin infection, abscess, and GI bleed (1 patient each). There was no operative or inhospital mortality in the resection group. For R0 resection median survival was 14.4 months compared to 8 months for R1 and 4.8 months for patients undergoing palliative therapies. CONCLUSIONS: The retrospective review of our single-institution experience with resection and palliative care for adenosquamous cancer of the pancreas has demonstrated a longer survival for patients that can undergo an R0 resection. Although this is a small series we continue to recommend resection for these patients.     

Effect of curative versus palliative surgical treatment for stage III pancreatic cancer patients.

During the last decade, significant progress has been made in pancreaticoduodenectomy for patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Pancreatic resection performed by surgeons in tertiary referral centres is therefore justified, while the indications for pancreatic resection could be extended in patients with advance stages of disease. The aim of our study is to compare the effect of curative (pancreaticoduodenectomy) versus palliative surgery in patients with stage III pancreatic cancer, during a 20-years period. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 58 consecutive patients with stage III ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas. 23 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with curative intent while the remaining 35 patients had surgery for palliative purposes (combined biliary and gastric bypass was performed in 83%). The hospital mortality rate was similar in both groups (4% vs 6%). 43% of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy had an uncomplicated post-operative course compared with 49% of patients undergoing palliative bypass. The length of surgical procedure and post-operative hospital stay in pancreaticoduodenectomy group were significant longer compared to those patients undergoing palliative bypass (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02 respectively). The overall actuarial survival was significantly (p < 0.01) longer in the group of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy compared with the group with palliative intent surgery. CONCLUSION: Pancreaticoduodenectomy with curative intent for stage III pancreatic cancer patients, could improve prognosis with similar peri-operative morbidity and mortality when compared with palliative bypass.     

联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除的胰十二指肠术治疗胰头癌的疗效

目的:分析联合门静脉(PV)/肠系膜上静脉(SMV)切除的胰十二指肠切除术(PD)治疗胰头癌的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月—2013年7月手术治疗的72例胰头癌患者的临床及术后随访资料,其中40例肿瘤未累及肝总动脉、SMV、PV也无转移的患者行单纯PD术(PD组),32例单纯性累及PV/SVM的患者行联合PV/SMV切除的PD术(PV/SMV组),比较两组患者的围手术期指标及术后情况。结果:与PD组比较,PV/SMV组的手术时间(357.4min vs.289.3min)、术中出血量(851.2m L vs.641.5m L)均明显增加(均P0.05),但输血量(700.0m L vs.650.5m L),手术并发症发生率(18.75%vs.20.00%),1、2、3年生存率(50.00%vs.57.50%、31.25%vs.37.50%、21.86%vs.25.00%)以及中位生存时间(15个月vs.18个月)差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:对于胰头癌患者应根据患者的实际情况选择适宜的手术方式,联合PV/SMV切除的PD治疗单纯性累及PV/SVM的胰头癌临床效果可靠,术后远期预后与PD手术适应证者相当。     

The surgical results of pancreatoduodenectomy and total pancreatogastrectomy combined with autotransplantation of the distal half of the pancreas for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer located in the lower half of the stomach

In the last 16 years we employed pancreaticodudenectomy (PD) on 27 patients with cancers of the distal third of the stomach, associated with duodenal invasion, invasion to pancreatic head, or n3 metastasis. More recently, total gastrectomy and total pancreatectomy combined with heterotopic autotransplantation of the distal pancreas (TGTP) was performed in 7 patients with n4 metastases. These cases were compared with 56 patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy (SG) in the same period. When the survival rates were compared, PD provided better long-term results than SG, especially on the patients with tumors infiltrating into the pancreas head. On the contrary, there was no significant survival advantage in patients with duodenal invasion or n3 metastasis between PD group and SG group. TGPT showed the longest survival for the patients with n4 metastasis. These results indicate that PD is a rational and safe method for the treatment of gastric cancer infiltrating into the pancreas head. In addition, TGTP may be the most radical procedure for the treatment of gastric cancer with n4 metastases.     

提高胰腺癌的手术疗效关键在于根治切除

目的 总结胰腺癌各种治疗方法的效果。方法 回顾分析本院1990年1月-2003年3月收治的545例胰腺癌病例的治疗经过,比较各种治疗方法的生存率。结果 本组手术385例,其中根治切除130例,姑息性切除34例,姑息性短路183例,单纯探查38例,单纯化疗26例,无特殊处理134例。根治切除组生存时间和其他各组的差异有显著意义,根治切除组1、3、5年生存率分别为61.19％、21.79％、10.63。结论 根治切除可提高胰腺癌病人的长期生存率。     

Surgery for recurrent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the outcome of patients who underwent surgery for recurrent pancreatic cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma occurs in up to 80% of pancreatic cancer patients within 2 years of a potential curative resection because, in most cases, occult (local and/or distant) micrometastases are present at the time of the initial resection. METHODS: Thirty patients were operated for recurrent pancreatic cancer between October 2001 and April 2005. Median time between the initial resection and recurrence was 12.0 months. While 15 patients were resected, 15 patients either underwent palliative bypass or only exploration. Prospectively recorded data were analyzed retrospectively. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimation and log-rank test. RESULTS: The overall median survival of patients with recurrent disease was 29.0 months. After the first reresection/exploration for recurrent disease, the median survival was 11.4 months. There was a tendency of increased median survival in the group of patients undergoing resection (17.0 months) compared with the bypass/exploration group (9.4 months), although this difference was not significant (P = 0.084). In addition, patients with a prolonged interval (>9 months) from resection to recurrence were more likely to benefit from reresection compared with patients with recurrence within 9 months (median survival 17.0 vs. 7.4 months; P = 0.004). The in-hospital morbidity and mortality rate of resected patients was 20% and 6.7% compared with 13.3% and 0% of patients who underwent only exploration/palliative bypass. CONCLUSION: Resection for recurrent pancreatic cancer can be carried out safely. Further studies are required to address the question whether a subgroup of patients might actually benefit from this procedure.