腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗子宫内膜癌的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜癌的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析2006年4月～2011年6月我院155例子宫内膜癌手术的临床资料,其中腹腔镜手术57例（腹腔镜组）,开腹手术98例（开腹组）,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除数目、术后肛门排气时间、尿管留置时间、住院时间、术后并发症及复发率。结果腔镜组术中出血量（211．8±109．1）ml明显少于开腹组（305．8±145．1）ml（t=-4．213,P=0．000）,手术时间（236．1±50．8）min明显长于开腹组（185．2±42．3）min（t=6．669,P：0．000）。与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组术后肛门排气时间、术后尿管留置时间、住院时间均明显缩短（t=-7．800,P=0．000;t=-5．779,P=0．000;t=-2．918,P=0．004）。2组盆腔淋巴结切除数目、宫旁组织切除长度、阴道切除长度、术中和术后并发症发生率均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。术后随访至2012年10月,腹腔镜组53例随访8—66个月,平均30．2月,1例术后21个月复发,1例术后14个月、1例术后28个月死亡;开腹组90例随访10～68个月,平均40．1月,3例分别在术后12、23、32个月复发,3例分别在术后12、22、30个月后死亡。2组生存率无统计学差异（x2=0．267,P=0．605）。结论腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜癌较开腹手术具有出血少、恢复快等优点,并具有与开腹手术同样的疗效,是子宫内膜癌手术的一个很好的选择。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗肥胖妇女早期子宫内膜癌的对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜治疗肥胖妇女早期子宫内膜癌的可行性及临床效果。方法回顾分析2010年1月~2013年12月手术治疗的肥胖妇女早期子宫内膜癌患者的病历资料,均行子宫内膜癌根治术,其中腹腔镜组21例,开腹组30例。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除数量、术后排气时间、并发症及术后住院时间。结果与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组术中出血量少[(210.6±88.6)ml vs.(405.6±192.3)ml,t=-4.327,P=0.000],术后肛门排气早[(2.2±1.2)d vs.(3.1±1.4)d,t=-2.390,P=0.021],术后住院时间短[(13.3±4.4)d vs.(18.8±6.1)d,t=-3.534,P=0.001]。2组手术时间、清扫淋巴结总数、术后并发症差异无显著性。2组术后随访3~36个月,中位数29.6月,均未发现复发和死亡。结论腹腔镜手术治疗肥胖妇女子宫内膜癌的效果与开腹手术相同,且具有术中出血少、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,适合在有一定的技术条件的医院开展。     

腹腔镜子宫内膜癌分期手术的临床效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜子宫内膜癌分期手术的临床疗效及预后。方法 2005年1月～2011年3月243例子宫内膜癌行分期手术,其中腹腔镜分期手术75例,开腹分期手术168例,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间、生存情况。结果腹腔镜组清扫淋巴结总数显著多于开腹组[(27.1±11.2)枚vs.(22.6±9.7)枚(t=3.182,P=0.002)];腹腔镜组术中出血量(315.1±108.0)ml显著少于开腹组(851.6±246.9)ml(t=-18.047,P=0.000);腹腔镜组排气时间(1.8±0.7)d显著早于开腹组(2.6±0.8)d(t=-7.475,P=0.000);腹腔镜组尿管拔除时间(8.5±5.3)d明显早于开腹组(12.5±6.0)d(t=-4.971,P=0.000);腹腔镜组术后住院时间(13.7±7.1)d与开腹组(14.9±6.5)d无统计学差异(t=-1.292,P=0.198);2组生存率和无瘤生存率无统计学差异(χ2=0.351,P=0.553;χ2=0.000,P=0.998)。结论腹腔镜子宫内膜癌分期手术的疗效与开腹手术相当,但腹腔镜手术淋巴结切除数量多,出血量少,排气时间短,更具微创价值。     

达芬奇机器人手术系统在子宫内膜癌全面分期手术中的应用价值

目的探讨达芬奇机器人手术系统在子宫内膜癌全面分期手术中的应用价值。方法选取2015-01—2018-06间在郑州大学第一附属医院接受全面分期手术的200例子宫内膜癌患者。将行达芬奇机器人手术系统手术的患者作为机器人组,将行腹腔镜手术的患者作为腹腔镜组,各100例。比较2组患者的手术时间及术中出血量、并发症、淋巴结清扫数和术后肛门恢复排气时间及住院时间等指标。结果 2组患者均顺利完成手术,术后肛门恢复排气时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。机器人组的手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目及术后住院时间均优于腹腔镜组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术中发生并发症率及各随访6个月内的并发症发生率和复发率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论达芬奇机器人手术系统应用于子宫内膜癌全面分期手术,安全可行,是子宫内膜癌全面分期手术的新选择。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗子宫内膜癌的临床对比分析——前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜癌的临床效果.方法 将1998年8月～2004年12月术前确诊为子宫内膜癌的患者60例分为2组,分别施以腹腔镜下及腹式广泛子宫切除,术中根据子宫肌层受侵情况决定是否行盆腔淋巴结清扫术,前瞻性研究两组围手术期及生存情况.结果 与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组手术时间长[(247.8±77.8)min vs(196.6±63.7)min,t=2.789,P=0.007],术中出血量相近[(265.0±187.6)ml vs(350.0±210.9)ml,t=-1.649,P=0.104],切除盆腔淋巴结数量相近[(22.0±5.0)个vs(22.8±5.2)个,t=-0.607,P=0.546],术后并发症发生率差异无显著性(10/30 vs15/30,χ2=1.714,P=0.190),术后肛门排气时间早[(44.3±11.1)min vs(55.2±12.8)min,t=-3.524,P=0.000],住院时间短[(8.7±3.2)d vs(10.2±2.0)d,t=-2.177,P=0.034].腹腔镜组随访(28.6±17.4)月,均无瘤存活;开腹组随访(28.9±16.6)月,3例因转移或复发死亡.结论 腹腔镜手术可达到与开腹手术一样的效果,可以作为治疗子宫内膜癌的术式之一,但应在有条件的医院逐步开展.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗早期卵巢癌的比较

目的：比较腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗早期卵巢癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月～2013年12月我院手术治疗的早期卵巢癌48例,其中腹腔镜手术25例（腹腔镜组）,开腹手术23例（开腹组）,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、肛门排气时间、术后并发症及切口感染率等。结果腹腔镜组术中出血量（150．2±50．8）ml,明显少于开腹组（235．6±49．3）ml（t＝-5．901,P＝0．000）;腹腔镜组术后肛门排气时间（36．2±13．5）h,明显早于开腹组（48．3±13．9）h （t＝-3．058,P＝0．004）;腹腔镜组术后发热6例,显著少于开腹组12例（χ2＝4．057,P＝0．044）;腹腔镜组术后切口感染2例,与开腹组6例无统计学差异（χ2＝1．670,P＝0．196）;腹腔镜组住院时间（15．2±5．2） d,明显短于开腹组（23．3±4．2） d （t＝5．904,P＝0.000）。2组手术时间分别为（241．4±45．3）、（248．5±58．3）min,无统计学差异（t＝-0．473,P＝0．638）;2组切除淋巴结分别（21．3±2．9）、（20．5±3．0）枚,无统计学差异（t＝0．939,P＝0．353）。45例（开腹组2例失访,腹腔镜组1例失访）随访1～52个月,平均21．5月。开腹组2例分别术后10、12个月复发,腹腔镜组1例术后10个月复发,其余无瘤生存。结论腹腔镜手术治疗早期卵巢癌近期疗效好,安全可行,可作为早期卵巢癌手术治疗的新选择。     

腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除、盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤

目的探讨腹腔镜广泛子宫切除、盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤的可行性及临床效果。方法比较2007年3月～2008年3月11例腹腔镜手术与同期26例开腹手术行广泛子宫切除、盆腔淋巴结清扫治疗的子宫内膜癌、子宫颈癌的临床资料,观察2组手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除数量、术后病率、肠道排气时间、住院日等。结果腹腔镜组子宫内膜腺癌3例（ⅠB期2例,ⅡA期1例）,子宫颈鳞癌8例（ⅠA期1例,ⅠB期5例,ⅡA期2例）;开腹组子宫内膜腺癌7例（ⅠB期5例,ⅡA期2例）,子宫颈鳞癌19例（ⅠA期2例,ⅠB期14例,ⅡA期3例）。2组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组术中出血量少[（216．8±125．4）ml vs（402．1±135．2）ml,t=-3．889,P=0．000],切除淋巴结多[（19．9±6．5）个vs（14．6±5．6）个,t=2．510,P=0．017],术后排气早[（34．6±6．5）h vs（56．4±7．6）h,t=-8．300,P=0．000],住院时间短[（14．6±3．5）d vs（19．4±5．6）d,t=-2．622,P=0．013];2组手术时间、术后病率、尿潴留的发生率差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。2组分别随访（11．0±3．2）和（12．0±2．8）月,无复发证据。结论腹腔镜下治疗子宫恶性肿瘤创伤小,恢复快,是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

腹腔镜与开腹全子宫切除术的比较

目的 探讨腹腔镜全子宫切除（total laparoscopic hysterrectomy,TLH）的临床价值. 方法回顾分析我院2005年11月～2006年10月38例TLH与40例开腹全子宫切除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式手术时间、术中出血量、术后病率、肠功能恢复、住院日情况. 结果 腹腔镜组手术时间（85.8±13.8）min明显短于开腹组（99.9±9.3 ）min（t=-5.293,P=0.000）;腹腔镜组出血量（105.8±32.4）ml明显少于开腹组（166.0±67.4）ml （t=-4.930, P=0.000）;腹腔镜组术后病率3例明显少于开腹组15例（χ^2=9.270, P=0.002）;腹腔镜组术后排气时间（26.2±4.2）h明显短于开腹组（40.5±4.9）h （t=-13.601, P=0.000）;腹腔镜组术后住院时间（6.8±0.9）d明显短于开腹组（10.6±0.8）d （t=-19.612, P=0.000）.术后6个月随访开腹组2例切口愈合不良,2例阴道残端肉芽增生,腹腔镜组1例阴道残端肉芽增生,余无并发症. 结论腹腔镜全子宫切除较开腹全子宫切除的优势明显,如果腹腔镜下操作技巧熟练,腹腔镜全子宫切除是一种理想的术式.     

腹腔镜与开腹肝左外叶切除术的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜肝左外叶切除术的可行性、安全性及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年6月～2012年7月我科20例腹腔镜下肝左外叶切除术（腹腔镜组）与20例开腹肝左外叶切除术（开腹组）的临床资料,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症、住院总费用和复发率。结果 2组均顺利完成肝左外叶切除术。腹腔镜组手术时间[（99.3±20.3）min vs.（150.3±28.4）min,t=-6.533,P=0.000],术中出血量[（85.5±48.2）ml vs.（146.5±48.8）ml,t=-3.978,P=0.000],术后住院时间[（6.2±1.4）d vs.（11.1±3.8）d,t=-5.411,P=0.000]均与开腹组有统计学差异;2组住院总费用、术后并发症发生率均无统计学差异[（2.15±0.17）万元vs.（2.13±0.22）万元,t=0.322,P=0.749;0 vs.5.0%（1/20）,P=0.500]。22例肝癌（腹腔镜组12例,开腹组10例）随访时间3～24个月,平均18个月,4例（腔镜组和开腹组各2例）术后14～23个月经CT检查证实为肿瘤复发,腹腔镜组和开腹组的复发率分别为16.7%（2/12）、20.0%（2/10）,2组复发率无统计学差异（P=0.632）。结论腹腔镜肝左外叶切除术是可行、安全的,与开腹肝左外叶切除术比较,具有微创、术后恢复快等优势。     

老年患者腹腔镜子宫内膜癌分期手术的临床分析

目的：探讨为老年子宫内膜癌患者行腹腔镜分期手术的安全性与可行性。方法：回顾分析2006年6月至2012年6月为64例患者行腹腔镜子宫内膜癌分期手术的临床资料,将其分为两组,大于或等于65岁的患者纳入研究组（n=32）,小于65岁的患者纳入对照组（n=32）。对比分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中清扫淋巴结数量、术后排气时间、术后住院时间。结果：研究组患者年龄明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）,研究组合并糖尿病及高血压患者多于对照组（P〈0.05）,两组术中出血量、手术时间、术中清扫淋巴结数量、术后排气时间及住院时间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：老年子宫内膜癌患者行腹腔镜子宫内膜癌分期手术安全、可行,值得临床推广应用。     

The oncofetal protein IMP3: a novel biomarker for endometrial serous carcinoma

Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an oncofetal protein highly expressed in fetal tissue and malignant tumors but rarely found in adult benign tissues. The aim of this study is to determine the expression of IMP3 in benign endometrium, endometrial cancer, and its precursor lesions, trying to see whether IMP3 has any diagnostic usage. Two hundred ninety-eight endometrial samples were examined for IMP3 expression by immunohistochemistry. These included benign endometrium (n=68), atypical hyperplasia or endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (n=35), endometrial glandular dysplasia (n=21), endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (n=18), endometrioid carcinoma (n=70), mucinous carcinoma (n=8), serous carcinoma (n=51), clear cell carcinoma (n=12), and other malignancies (n=15). Maturational patterns in the 68 benign endometrial samples included atrophic (n=12), proliferative (n=18), secretory (n=14), menstrual (n=8), and gestational (n=16). Most of the carcinomas were histologically pure; where mixed, the second component constituted <10% of the total tumor volume. The extent and intensity of IMP3 expression was semiquantitatively determined and scored for all samples. A renal cell carcinoma with known IMP3 expression was used as positive control for each immunohistochemistry run. Among the malignant cases, IMP3 expression was predominantly found in endometrial serous carcinoma and its putative precursor lesions, with 3 (14%) of 21 endometrial glandular dysplasia, 16 (89%) of 18 serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma, and 48 (94%) of 51 serous carcinomas (P<0.001). In contrast, the frequency of IMP3 expression was significantly lesser in nonserous malignancies with 0 (0%) of 35, 5 (7%) of 70, 0 (0%) of 8, 3 (25%) of 12, and 5 (33%) of 15 positive expression rates in atypical hyperplasia or endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell carcinomas, and other malignancies, respectively. The IMP3 staining was universally cytoplasmic, with diffuse staining of strong intensity in serous carcinomas, whereas staining was typically patchy and of moderate or weak intensity in nonserous malignancies. Among the benign endometrial samples, decidualized endometrial stroma showed 100% positivity for IMP3. The remaining samples were negative, with the exception of a few weakly proliferative glands in 3 (5%) of 68 cases that showed focal weak immunoreactivity of IMP3. The trophoblasts in the first trimester chorionic villi were also diffusely positive, which was consistent with previously reported findings. We conclude that expression of IMP3, a newly identified cytoplasmic marker, is closely associated with type II endometrial cancer. It seems that IMP3 expression is associated with an aggressive histologic phenotype among endometrial neoplastic lesions. Strong and diffuse IMP3 expression is highly sensitive for endometrial serous and clear cell carcinomas including their putative precursor lesions. Therefore, IMP3 may be a useful diagnostic marker in the assessment of endometrial cancers and their precursor lesions, particularly when the amount of available tissue material is limited and a concern of type II cancer arises. High frequency of IMP3 expression is present in decidualized endometrial stroma of gestational endometrium and chorionic villi in early pregnancy. Although the significance of the latter finding remains unclear, the differential diagnosis between decidual changes and endometrial serous carcinoma is rarely problematic.     

Endometrial Lesions After Tamoxifen Therapy in Breast Cancer Women

Abstract: Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen with a partial estrogen-antagonist activity, is widely used as a hormonal adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in women with positive receptors for estrogens. Its prolonged administration has been associated with a series of collateral effects, among which the endometrial carcinoma is the most important. The aim of our study was to investigate an eventual correlation between a therapy with tamoxifen and the onset of endometrial lesions. We recruited 228 postmenopausal patients who had been operated on for breast cancer. They were divided into two groups according to the presence of positive or negative estrogen receptors. The group with positive receptors was subjected to hormonal adjuvant therapy by tamoxifen (20 mg/day for 5 years), while the group with negative receptors was not treated. All the patients underwent a hysteroscopic evaluation of the uterine cavity before and after treatment. The follow-up carried out 5 years later showed the presence of a statistically higher risk ( p < 0.00001) of endometrial lesions, such as low glandular hyperplasia and polyps, than in the treated patients compared with untreated patients. On the other hand, because there was no onset of endometrial carcinoma, the risk of this kind of lesion turned out to be practically absent. In all the treated patients who did not evidence any endometrial lesions ( n = 90) and in all those with negative receptors ( n = 104) the endometrium seemed to have an atrophic aspect. In conclusion, according to these data, we believe that hormonal adjuvant therapy by tamoxifen (20 mg/day), associated with a periodic hysteroscopic evaluation, and eventually a directed biopsy of the endometrium in order to keep under control the frequent onset of benign endometrial lesions, does not absolutely seem to increase the risk of endometrial carcinoma.     

RUNX3与Survivin在子宫内膜癌中的表达

目的探讨RUNX3和Survivin在子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma,EC)组织中的表达。方法采用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶连结法(streptavidin-peroxidase,SP)检测20例正常增生期子宫内膜、20例非典型增生子宫内膜、60例EC组织中RUNX3和Survivin蛋白的表达,比较其差异。结果在EC中,RUNX3和Survivin蛋白的阳性表达率分别是25.0%(15/60)和91.7%(55/60),随着组织学分级升高及分期进展,RUNX3阳性表达率逐渐降低(χ2=16.275,P=0.000),而Survivin蛋白表达逐渐升高(χ2=6.251,P=0.044),两者阳性表达率均与肌层浸润深度、淋巴结转移及有无脉管浸润无关(P均>0.05)。Survivin蛋白在EC中的阳性表达率91.7%(55/60)明显高于正常增生期15.0%(3/20)和非典型增生子宫内膜65.0%(13/20)(χ2=44.221,P=0.000;χ2=8.848,P=0.000),其中正常增生期与非典型增生子宫内膜Survivin蛋白表达阳性率有统计学差异(χ2=8.640,P=0.003)。RUNX3蛋白在EC中的阳性表达率25.0%(15/60)明显低于正常增生期90.0%(18/20)和非典型增生子宫内膜60.0%(12/20)(χ2=26.151,P=0.000;χ2=8.218,P=0.004),正常增生期与非典型增生子宫内膜RUNX3蛋白阳性表达率无统计学差异(χ2=3.333,P=0.068)。结论 EC中RUNX3蛋白表达较低或缺失,Survivin蛋白表达较高。     

More differences between HNPCC-related and sporadic carcinomas from the endometrium as compared to the colon

PURPOSE: Recognition of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)-related endometrial carcinoma from sporadic carcinoma by histologic features as compared with colonic cases. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From the files of the Nijmegen Hereditary Cancer Clinic, HNPCC-related (n = 6) endometrial and colorectal (n = 18) carcinomas were selected. For every HNPCC-related tumor, 2 sporadic control cases were included. The tumors were evaluated for the following 7 pathologic features: tumor differentiation, T-stage, growth pattern, presence of Crohn-like lymphoid reaction, mucinous differentiation, presence of lymphangioinvasive growth, and the amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. RESULTS: HNPCC-related endometrial carcinomas were significantly more often poorly differentiated (83% versus 27%), more often showed the presence of a Crohn-like lymphoid reaction (100% versus 13%) and lymphangioinvasive growth (67% versus 0%), and high number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were more often present (100% versus 36%) compared with sporadic endometrial carcinomas. The differences between HNPCC and sporadic colorectal cancer specimens were less discriminating. CONCLUSIONS: HNPCC-related endometrial carcinomas are characterized by poor differentiation, more frequent Crohn-like lymphoid reaction, lymphangioinvasive growth and more tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. These features therefore might form the basis for selecting patients for counseling in a hereditary cancer clinic or testing for microsatellite instability or mutation analysis of mismatch repair genes, especially when they are of relatively young age.     

TP在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的检测子宫内膜癌中胸苷磷酸化酶(TP)的表达情况,探讨它与子宫内膜癌预后的相关性及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测15例正常内膜,10例不典型增生内膜,48例子宫内膜癌石蜡标本中的TP蛋白表达情况。结果子宫内膜癌TP表达显著高于正常内膜(PTP=0.029)。TP表达与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床病理分期无相关性(P>0.05)。结论 TP的过度表达可能与子宫内膜癌的预后有关。     

Study on the relationship between endometrial carcinoma and serum levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase

Objective:To study the relationship of human endometrial carcinoma and the serum levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase.Methods:The serum levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),CuZn-superox-ide dismutase(CuZn-SOD),Mn-superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD)were measured in 37 women with endometrlal carcinoma(study group)and 40 healthy women(control group).The relationship between surgical-pathological smiling of the tumor and these parameters was analyzed.Results:(1)The serum levels of MDA were significantly higher in study group than in control group(P<0.01);(2)The levels of T-SOD,CuZn-SOD were significantly lower in study group than in control group(P<0.01,P<0.01,respectively),while the levels of Mn-SOD were slightly lower in study group but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05);(3)There was a positive correlation between surgical-patholological staging and the level of MDA(r=0.9206,P<0.01),and a negative correlation between surgical-pethological staging and the level of T-SOD(r=-0.9210,P<0.01)or CuZn-SOD(r=-0.9130,P<0.01)But there was no correlation between surgical-pathological staging and the level of Mn-SOD(r=-0.3970,P>0.05).Conclusion:The psthogenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma may be associated with the imbalance of oxidation and antioxidetion.     

A comparison of fentanyl-propofol with a ketamine-propofol combination for sedation during endometrial biopsy

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical activities of ketamine and fentanyl when used in combination with propofol for outpatients undergoing endometrial biopsy. The investigated parameters were respiration, sedation, recovery rate, side effects, time to discharge, and patient satisfaction. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients (age range 38-61 years) scheduled for elective endometrial biopsy. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received intravenous bolus doses of either fentanyl 1 microg/kg and propofol 1 mg/kg in (group 1 n = 20) or ketamine 0.5 mg/kg and propofol 1 mg/kg in (group 2 n = 20). MEASUREMENTS: Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and peripheral O(2) saturation were monitored in all patients. Depth of sedation was assessed by the Ramsay sedation score. The Aldrete score was used for postoperative recovery evaluation. The time to Aldrete score >/=8, side effects, and time to discharge were recorded. MAIN RESULTS: Respiratory depression was observed in 5 patients from group 1 and 1 patient from group 2, but the difference was not significant (P > .05). Nausea, vertigo, and visual disturbances were more frequent in group 2 (P < .05). The time to Aldrete score >/=8 was similar in the 2 groups (6.2 +/- 3.5 minutes in group 1 and 7.0 +/- 3.1 minutes in group 2); the time to discharge was significantly longer in group 2 (71.2 +/- 9.7 minutes in group 1 and 115.2 +/- 25.6 minutes in group 2). Frequency of patient satisfaction was 95% in group 1 and 60% in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamic change and degrees of sedation showed that fentanyl-propofol and ketamine-fentanyl combinations can be used safely in patients undergoing endometrial biopsy. However, with regard to side effects and patient satisfaction, the fentanyl-propofol was superior.     

达芬奇机器人系统与腹腔镜在子宫内膜癌手术治疗中的对比分析

目的:对比并探讨达芬奇机器人手术系统与传统腹腔镜手术在子宫内膜癌手术治疗中的安全性、有效性,并进行自我效能分析.方法:回顾性分析2015年9月～2020年1月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院妇产科收治的同一术者进行初始手术治疗的137例子宫内膜恶性肿瘤患者,其中达芬奇机器人组64例,腹腔镜组73例.统计分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除数目、术后肛门排气时间、术后引流放置时间、住院时间、术后自我效能评价.结果:达芬奇机器人组和腹腔镜组比较,患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后引流放置时间、住院时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);清扫淋巴结数量无差异(P>0.05).且达芬奇机器人组较腹腔镜组患者术后自我效能感评估更佳(P=0.001).结论:对于子宫内膜癌的手术治疗,达芬奇机器人手术系统较传统腹腔镜手术能够缩短患者恢复时间,在保证手术安全性下可以提高有效性.且达芬奇机器人较腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜恶性肿瘤患者术后自我效能感更佳,更利于子宫内膜癌患者术后心理康复.     

179例老年妇女绝经后子宫出血或超声宫腔异常的子宫内膜病变特点

目的探讨绝经后老年妇女子宫内膜良恶性病变的特点。方法1999年1月-2008年12月,179例60-89岁的老年妇女因绝经后子宫出血或B超提示宫腔异常人院子宫内膜病变的特点,根据子宫内膜病变性质分为良性组108例、恶性组34例,并对两组间的年龄、绝经年龄、绝经时间,经官腔镜检查与病理诊断,142例患有子宫内膜良恶性病变,37例子宫内膜正常。本文回顾性分析142例、孕产次、子宫大小与子宫内膜厚度进行比较。结果子宫内膜良性病变108例,包括子宫内膜息肉59例（41．5％）、萎缩性子宫内膜炎29例（20．4％）、子宫黏膜下肌瘤10例（7．0％）、子宫内膜增殖症6例（4．2％）、子宫内膜息肉样腺肌瘤4例（2．8％）;子宫内膜恶性病变34例,包括子宫内膜癌32例（22．5％）、子宫肉瘤1例（0．7％）、子宫内膜间质肿瘤1例（0．7％）。良性组与恶性组之间的比较：2组年龄、绝经年龄、绝经时间和孕产次无统计学差异;恶性组子宫大小及子宫内膜厚度明显大于良性组[（74．0±6．2）Cm^3 Vs．（44．2±6．8）em’,t=22．742,P=0．000;（15．2±7．3）mmVS．（11．3±5．7）mm,t=3．228,P=0．001]。结论绝经后老年妇女的子宫内膜病变主要是子宫内膜息肉、子宫内膜癌、萎缩性子宫内膜炎。恶性子宫内膜病变患者的子宫大小、子宫内膜厚度明显大于良性子宫内膜病变患者,是诊断老年妇女恶性子宫内膜病变的重要依据。