心脏搏动下经右心室微创封堵婴幼儿肌部室间隔缺损

目的 探讨心脏搏动下经右心室微创封堵婴幼儿肌部室间隔缺损的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年1月兰州大学第一医院心血管外科39例肌部室间隔缺损患儿行心脏搏动下经右心室微创封堵肌部室间隔缺损的临床资料,其中男26例、女13例,年龄10个月至3岁,体重6～15kg。应用经胸超声心动图进行术后随访,观察封堵器的位置,有无移位、有无残余分流、塑型情况及毗邻瓣膜是否开闭等。观察各瓣膜反流情况、各瓣膜口血流及房室腔的变化,心脏功能、肺动脉高压恢复情况等。结果39例患儿中36例（92．3％）植入封堵器成功封堵,有3例患儿（7．7％）经食管彩色超声心动图（TEE）诊断不适宜行封堵治疗,其中1例由于右心室流出道有异常肌束,2例由于边缘过短不适宜行封堵手术,而改为体外循环下心内直视手术。36例患儿随访6个月以上,经胸超声心动图显示无封堵器脱落、移位,无溶血和房室传导阻滞,人工瓣膜表面光滑,无异物。心脏明显缩小,心功能正常,无神经系统并发症发生。其中3例术后存在轻微的残余分流,随访6个月均消失。结论心脏搏动下经右心室微创封堵肌部室间隔缺损是肌部室间隔缺损一种较优的治疗选择,在经食管彩色超声心动图引导下手术是镶嵌治疗成功的关键,超声科医生与外科医生的合作是手术成功的基础。     

镶嵌治疗肌部多发室间隔缺损患儿的术后护理

目的介绍镶嵌治疗肌部多发室间隔缺损后护理经验,以期提高术后护理质量,减少术后并发症,提高手术成功率。方法对22例肌部多发性室间隔缺损患儿予以镶嵌和封堵治疗。结果 22例手术均成功,安返监护室,因多脏器功能衰竭死亡1例（4.5%）。21例术后随访6个月至3年,14例患儿无明显影响心功能的残余分流,7例封堵器边缘残留少量左向右分流,但全组心功能基本正常。结论保持呼吸通畅,心率、血压稳定,做好胸腔引流、心内测压管、体温的监测,加强特殊用药伊诺前列素的监护,密切监测中枢神经系统症状等是镶嵌治疗肌部多发性缺损术后护理的重点。     

体外循环心内直视手术的麻醉处理

体外循环心内直视手术的麻醉处理陈桂珍本院自１９８７年至１９９２年１１月，已在体外循环下施行各类心内直视手术３２例。男１５例，女１７例，年龄５～３９岁。其中房缺修补术９例，室缺修补术１２例，肺动脉瓣狭窄切开术１例，部分房室共同通道纠治术１例，心功能Ⅰ～...     

镶嵌治疗肌部多发室间隔缺损患儿的术后护理

目的 介绍镶嵌治疗肌部多发室间隔缺损后护理经验,以期提高术后护理质量,减少术后并发症,提高手术成功率.方法 对22例肌部多发性室间隔缺损患儿予以镶嵌和封堵治疗.结果 22例手术均成功,安返监护室,因多脏器功能衰竭死亡1例(4.5%).21例术后随访6个月至3年,14例患儿无明显影响心功能的残余分流,7例封堵器边缘残留少量左向右分流,但全组心功能基本正常.结论 保持呼吸通畅,心率、血压稳定,做好胸腔引流、心内测压管、体温的监测,加强特殊用药伊诺前列素的监护,密切监测中枢神经系统症状等是镶嵌治疗肌部多发性缺损术后护理的重点.     

先心室缺心内直视术后合并支气管哮喘上消道大出血抢救成功1例

先心室缺心内直视术后合并支气管哮喘上消道大出血抢救成功１例闫增荣，张汝　，张文翔，薛洁皓病人男，１２岁。因先心病室间隔缺损，于１９８９年８月１８日在低温体外循环心内直视下行室缺修补术。体外循环３９分钟，主动脉阻断７分钟，手术顺利。术后４小时呼吸、循环...     

杂交技术治疗婴幼儿及儿童肌部室间隔缺损——华西医院经验

目的探讨应用微创经胸封堵杂交手术治疗婴幼儿肌部室间隔缺损(MVSD)的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析华西医院2009~2012年行经胸封堵杂交手术治疗MVSD 35例患者的临床资料,其中男16例、女19例,年龄1个月至7岁,中位年龄3.9岁。包括单发MVSD 10例,多发MVSD 12例,合并其他心内畸形6例,外科术后残余MVSD 7例。结果 35例患儿术后即刻MVSD封堵成功28例(80.0%),7例(20.0%)残留少量分流,植入封堵器直径中位数5 mm,其中19例患者避免了体外循环。围手术期死亡2例(5.7%),均因复杂先天性心脏病所致心功能不全导致。术后平均随访6个月,患儿全部生存,31例(93.9%)封堵器位置良好,无残余分流,仅2例(6.1%)存在少量心尖部残余分流。结论经胸封堵杂交技术治疗婴幼儿MVSD具有较高的成功率和较低的死亡率和并发症发生率,短期效果满意。     

TEE在外科微创房、室间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的探讨TEE引导下外科微创封堵治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)、室间隔缺损(VSD)的价值。方法 58例ASD和129例VSD患者接受TEE引导下外科微创封堵治疗。术中行胸壁小切口暴露心脏,于TEE监测下选择右心房或右心室穿刺点,指引动脉止血鞘通过缺口后释放封堵装置,待TEE多切面证实封堵器位置良好、无明显残余分流及瓣膜并发症后释放封堵器。结果 58例ASD均封堵成功,术后即刻TEE见8例封堵器周围微量残余分流。129例VSD中,114例VSD封堵成功,其中19例术后即刻TEE检查见残余分流,2例右心室流出道血流速度增快,1例变更右心室壁穿刺点后导丝顺利进入缺口;15例转行体外循环下心内直视修补术。结论 TEE可用于指导外科微创封堵治疗ASD和VSD,包括测量缺损大小和位置、选择封堵器型号、确定手术路径、引导封堵器释放和评估治疗效果。     

食道超声引导下小切口室间隔缺损封堵术的疗效分析

目的评估食道超声引导下小切口室间隔缺损(室缺)封堵术的疗效。方法 2008年10月～2009年6月,45例先天性室间隔缺损患儿,男27例,女18例,平均年龄3.5岁(14个月～11岁),平均体重16.8 kg(9～30 kg)。经胸心脏超声显示室间隔缺损,8例为嵴内型,36例为膜部型(其中6例伴有膜部瘤形成),1例为肌部型。缺损直径3～10 mm,平均4.5mm。气管插管全身麻醉后,经胸骨下段正中切口,长3～5 cm。在食道超声的引导下,经右室游离壁置入腰部直径5～16 mm的国产室缺封堵器。结果 45例均成功封堵,无中转体外循环病例。42例术后无残余分流,3例封堵后即刻超声示少量残余分流,术后5天复查超声示分流消失。2例术后心电图示右束支传导阻滞,无Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞发生,余43例术后心电图无异常改变。术后住院时间3～7 d,平均4.4 d。随诊3～6个月,1例术后1个月大量心包积液,经心包穿刺后痊愈,余44例均恢复良好,无Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,无残余分流,无封堵器晚期移位,无瓣膜关闭不全加重。结论食道超声引导下小切口室缺封堵术创伤小,安全性高,近期疗效满意。     

主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形的治疗进展

主动脉缩窄 (coarctation ,CoA)占先天性心脏病的 5 %～10 % ,主要合并心内畸形包括室间隔缺损 (VSD)、房间隔缺损(ASD)、房室隔缺损 (AVSD)等。其中VSD发生率最高 ,可达5 5 % 〔1,2〕。目前对其治疗原则的争论主要在于手术方法和手术时机的选择。手术时机的选择目前 ,随着手术技术、体外循环及重症监护的进步 ,主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形的治疗效果已非常满意 ,但对一期根治或者二期纠治的选择仍存在很大争论〔3〕。1.分期手术的特点和结果传统的分期手术指在第一次手术时纠治主动脉缩窄或同时行肺动脉环缩术 ,后期再行心内畸形的治疗…     

微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术的手术配合

对4例继发孔型房间隔缺损患者行微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术.结果4例患者手术过程顺利,术后恢复好,心脏彩超复查未见封堵器脱落、变形及残余分流,心功能良好.提出针对手术的特殊性做好术前访视,术中备物充分,集中精力配合是保证手术顺利进行的关键.     

Repair of isolated multiple muscular ventricular septal defects: the septal obliteration technique

BACKGROUND: Isolated multiple ventricular septal defects (mVSDs) remain a surgical challenge. The dilemma of whether to perform a complete repair ultimately rests with the surgeon, who must decide if all significant septal defects can be located. Avoidance of a pulmonary arterial band (as part of a two-stage repair) will negate the need for future pulmonary arterial reconstruction and will reduce the incidence of late right ventricular diastolic dysfunction. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of hospital and echocardiographic data of eight children who underwent a septal obliteration technique (SOT) as part of their correction of mVSDs (with and without coarctation of the aorta). RESULTS: Eight children with a mean age of 10.5 months (range 1.5 to 36 months), and weight of 6.2 kg (range 2.1 to 13.5 kg), respectively, underwent correction of mVSDs. All had a single, large, perimembranous defect, additional VSDs within the muscular trabecular septum (juxtaposed to the moderator band), and apical mVSDs. All VSDs were repaired via the right atrium, with avoidance of either a right or left ventriculotomy. The posterior and apical defects were excluded from the right ventricular cavity with a pericardial patch (SOT). The follow-up period remains limited to a mean of 20.9 months (8 to 39 months). Two children repaired with SOT had previous pulmonary artery bands (neonatal coarctation repair). All children were successfully discharged home with a mean postoperative Qp:Qs of 1.09:1. One pacemaker was required, but this child has since reverted back to normal sinus rythm. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial experience using the SOT in the treatment of apical VSDs as a component of isolated mVSDs has been rewarding. All children are currently alive, in normal sinus rhythm, and have no residual significant left-to-right shunts.     

体外循环下小儿肌部室间隔缺损的镶嵌治疗

目的 探讨镶嵌模式(hybrid procedure)治疗小儿肌部室间隔缺损(Mvsd)的手术方法及临床应用.方法 2006年1月至2010年6月,在体外循环心内直视手术下采用手术及封堵相结合的镶嵌技术矫治小儿Mvsd 45例,其中男20例,女25例;年龄52天～12岁;体重3～32 kg.7例为单个Mvsd,38例为多发性VSD.同时合并大血管错位(D-TGA)1例、法洛四联症(TOF)2例、肺动脉狭窄(PS)3例、动脉导管未闭(PDA)6例、房间隔缺损(ASD)6例、主动脉缩窄1例.均在心脏停跳后直视下将导引钢丝经三尖瓣孔自心脏右室面穿过VSD至左室面,直视下置入导引器,然后送入封堵器,完成Mvsd封堵.多发性VSD 38例,予自体心包片修补膜周部等较大的VSD,心内其他畸形同期完成矫治.结果 42例置入单枚封堵器(直径4～10 mm)、3例置入双枚封堵器(直径4～7 mm).手术经过顺利,术前左室射血分数(EF)均在正常范围,术后1天小于8月龄组EF均值低于正常,大于8月龄组EF正常,两者差异有统计学意义.术后常规每天给予5 mg/kg肠溶阿司匹林3～6个月.术后随访超声检查示封堵器位置无偏移,无残余分流,无二尖瓣、主动脉瓣反流、Ⅲ度传导阻滞及新发心律失常等.术后因重症感染放弃治疗1例,无远期死亡病例.结论 体外循环下镶嵌技术治疗小儿 Mvsd明显降低了围手术期并发症及病死率,简化了手术过程,降低了手术风险,是一种安全、有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the technique and clinical experience of hybrid procedure under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD). Methods From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedure with CPB. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in 45 cases. Of them, there were 20 males and 25 females. They ranged from 52 days to 12 years [mean (2.05 ±2.48) year] in age and from 3 to 30 kg [(11.93 ±7.70)kg] in body weight. Preoperatively, most of children were highly susceptible to respiratory tract infections. The hybrid approach was used in all patients with CPB under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The diameter of mVSDs ranged from 2 to 7 mm under TEE. Of 45 cases, 40 patients had increased rates of pulmonary blood flow. 29 patients had left axis deviation and 12 cases had sinus arrhythmia on electrocardiography (ECG). 19 had other congenital heart lesions, including transposition of great arteries in 1 case, tetralogy of Fallot in 2, pulmonary artery stenosis in 3, patent ductus arteriosus in 6, atrial septal defects in 6) and aorta coactation in 1. The quantity of VSDs were from 1 to 7 (single, in 7; two, in 24 case; three, in 8 case; four, in 5 case and seven, in lease. 37 patients were combined with pulmonary hypertension in our cohort. 38 patients with another large VSD and 19 with other congenital heart lesions were required surgical repair at sometime. Results The hybrid procedures were undertaken in all 45 cases of this cohort. All cases were successful and no deaths occurred during operation. A total of 48 devices were implanted in 45 patients, including single devices in 42 cases (device size ranged from 4 to 10 mm) and two devices in 3 cases (device size ranged from 4 -7 mm). The average time on CPB was (58.28 ±20.70) min , while aortic crossclamp time was(34. 94 ± 14.75) min. In addition, the time on mechanical ventilation postoperatively ranged from 2 hours to 6 days. Compared to the older children, 20 infante aged less than 8 monhad a significant difference in cardiac function in the early postoperative period. One infant was given up treatment because of serious infection. Anather cases recovered with the use of supportive treatment, such as using vasoactive agents, digoxin, inhaling nitric oxide, diuresis, and so on. The enteric-coated aspirin was given at dose of 5 mg ? kg -1. day -1 for a period of 3 to 6 months as usual postoperatively. All patients attended follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years post-procedure. No major complications were encountered during this period. All cases were no instance of migration of any of the devices, residual shunt, aortic regurgitation, atrioventricular valve dysfunction, Ⅲo atrial-ventricular conduction block, new arrhythmia, and so on. There are no death in long-term follow-up. Conclusion Hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.     

Delayed closure of multiple muscular ventricular septal defects in an infant after coarctation repair and a hybrid procedure--a case report

There are several strategies of surgical approach for the repair of multiple muscular ventricular septal defects (mVSDs), but none leads to a fully predictable, satisfactory therapeutic outcome in infants. We followed a concept of treating multiple mVSDs consisting of a hybrid approach based on intraoperative perventricular implantation of occluding devices. In this report, we describe a 2-step procedure consisting of a final hybrid approach for multiple mVSDs in the infant following initial coarctation repair with pulmonary artery banding in the newborn. At 7 months, sternotomy and debanding were performed, the right ventricle was punctured under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance, and the 8-mm device was implanted into the septal defect. Color Doppler echocardiography results showed complete closure of all VSDs by 11 months after surgery, probably via a mechanism of a localized inflammatory response reaction, ventricular septum growth, and implant endothelization.     

Outcomes of intraoperative device closure of muscular ventricular septal defects

BACKGROUND: The surgical management of muscular ventricular septal defects (mVSD) in the small infant is a challenge particularly when multiple and associated with complex cardiac lesions. Devices for percutaneous implantation have the advantage of ease of placement and for the double umbrella designs a wide area of coverage. We reviewed our experience and clinical outcomes of intraoperative mVSD device closure for such defects in small infants. METHODS: Since October 1989, intraoperative VSD device closure was a component of the surgical strategy in 14 consecutive patient implants (median age, 5.5 months; range, 3 to 11 kg), whose defects were thought difficult to approach using conventional techniques. Nine patients had associated complex cardiac lesions, 10 multiple mVSDs, and 4 patients had a previous pulmonary artery banding. RESULTS: There were 2 early deaths, 1 in a severely ill child who preoperatively had pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular failure and another in a patient with a hypoplastic left heart. Mean pulmonary to systemic flow ratio before device insertion was 3.5:1. Complete closure was achieved in 5 patients and clinically insignificant residual shunts persisted in 7. In 2 infants with significant residual lesions concomitant pulmonary artery banding was required. Postoperative mean pulmonary to systemic flow ratio was 1.7:1. In follow-up of the 12 surviving infants (mean, 41 months), 8 had complete closure and 3 persistent residual shunts. One patient with no residual shunting required heart transplantation for progressive ventricular failure 9 years after operation. All devices were well positioned on postoperative echocardiograms. There was 1 late death due to aspiration in a patient with a tiny residual shunt. CONCLUSIONS: Infants requiring operative intervention with mVSDs are difficult to manage and have an increased mortality and morbidity. Intraoperative VSD device placement for closure of mVSDs is feasible, can avoid ventriculotomy, division of intracardiac muscle bands, and is ideally suited for the neonate or infant.     

Vertical banded gastroplasty: assessment of efficacy

We previously demonstrated unacceptably high failure rates with horizontal gastroplasty. Shortly thereafter, vertical banded gastroplasty was introduced. Since April 1982 we have operated on 56 patients who were carefully selected and closely followed. There were 10 men and 46 women, aged 15 to 54 years (mean age 36 years) with preoperative weights of 93.5 to 198.6 kg (mean 125.9 kg). The mean weight loss at 6 to 12 months was 36 +/- 10 kg, or 30% of body weight. At 18 months, data were available for 48 of the 56 patients. Their weight losses were 44 +/- 11 kg, or 35% of body weight. Eight patients were lost to follow-up. The weight of nine additional patients plateaued before they lost 30% of their starting weights and another eight patients have started to regain weight after achieving satisfactory weight loss. Included are two patients with severe stenoses who regained all weight lost.     

Successful repair of multiple muscular ventricular septal defects using a unique hybrid procedure

The surgical management of multiple muscular ventricular septal defects (mVSDs) in the infant remains a challenging problem because of the presence of residual shunts and postoperative myocardial dysfunction. We present a case of successful repair of multiple mVSDs with a unique hybrid procedure combining both the perventricular closure and open surgical repair.     

Early results after staged hybrid repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms

BACKGROUND: The morbidity and mortality rates associated with open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair are substantial. This study was designed to review our early experience with the hybrid endovascular and, or open approach for TAAA repair. STUDY DESIGN: Patients undergoing elective hybrid repair of their TAAAs were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (mean age 69+/-15 years, male, 76%) underwent visceral and renal revascularization as the first stage of their hybrid repair. The Crawford extent included: II, 2; III, 8; and IV, 7. Perioperative mortality and complication rates after the first stage were 24% and 25%, respectively; the mean intensive care unit stay and total length of stay were 7+/-12 days (range 1 to 45 days) and 22+/-33 days (range 3 to 100 days), respectively. The endovascular aneurysm repair or second stage procedure was performed in 12 of 13 (92%) of the surviving patients, with a mean of 27+/-27 days (range 6 to 99 days) between the procedures. Two patients experienced intraoperative complications during the second stage, but there were no deaths or additional postoperative complications. Patients did not require the intensive care unit, and the overall mean length of stay after the second stage was 2+/-2 days (range 1 to 5 days). The mean postoperative followup among the 11 patients completing both stages was 8+/-12 months (range 1 to 15 months). The primary patency rate for the visceral and renal bypasses was 96% (54 of 56). CONCLUSIONS: The hybrid approach for patients with TAAAs may reduce complications in the average, low-risk patient and may extend the indications for repair to patients considered higher risk based on age, comorbidities, or anatomic considerations.     

Hemodialysis in children weighing less than 15 kg: a single-center experience

Despite significant technical improvements, hemodialysis in infants with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The files of patients weighing less than 15 kg with ESRD who were treated with hemodialysis at our institute between 1995 and 2005 were reviewed for background and treatment characteristics, morbidity and outcome. The study group included 11 patients aged 7–75 months (mean 34.2 months) weighing 7.2–14.9 kg (mean 10.9 kg). Mean duration of dialysis was 11.3 months. Vascular access posed the major problem. Ten patients were dialyzed through a central venous cuffed catheter and one through an arteriovenous fistula. An average of three different vascular accesses was required per patient (range 1–9). Mechanical difficulties were the most common cause of central-line removal (56.5%), followed by infections (15.6%). Major complications causing significant morbidity were intradialytic hemodynamic instability, hyperkalemia, coagulation within the dialysis set, anemia, hypertension, inadequate fluid removal, and recurrent hospitalizations. Analysis of outcome revealed that eight patients underwent successful transplantation, one returned for hemodialysis after 4.5 years due to graft failure, and two died. Hemodialysis is a suitable option for low-weight pediatric patients with ESRD awaiting transplantation when performed in highly qualified centers.     

Hybrid procedure with cardiopulmonary bypass for muscular ventricular septal defects in children

Objective: To summarize the technique and clinical experience of the hybrid procedure with cardiopulmonary bypass in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD). Methods: From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in the 45 cases. Fourteen patients had another lesion that required surgical repair. Large membranous VSDs were closed with a pericardial patch after the initiation of CPB in 38 cases. Results: Out of the 45 cases, 42 had only one occluder and three had two occluders. The size of the device for mVSD closure ranged from 3 to 8 mm. All cases recovered smoothly after treatment without residual shunting, aortic or mitral valve regurgitation, or restriction of surrounding structures. All the children survived the operation with no late deaths during the follow-up. Conclusion: The hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.     

Surgical treatment of thoracic disc herniations via tailored posterior approaches

We present clinical findings, radiological characteristics and surgical modalities of various posterior approaches to thoracic disc herniations and report the clinical results in 27 consecutive patients. Within an 8-year period 27 consecutive patients (17 female, 10 male) aged 30–83 years (mean 53 years.) were surgically treated for 28 symptomatic herniated thoracic discs in our department. Six of these lesions (21%) were calcified. In all cases surgery was performed via individually tailored posterior approaches. We evaluated the pre- and postoperative clinical status and the complication rate in a retrospective study. Nearly one half of the lesions (46.4%) were located at the three lowest thoracic segments. Clinical symptoms included back pain or radicular pain (77.8%), altered sensitivity (77.8%), weakness (40.7%), impaired gait (51.9%) or bladder dysfunction (22%). Costotransversectomy was performed in 8 patients, 1 lateral extracavitary approach, 2 foraminotomies, 15 transfacet and/or transpedicular approaches and 2 interlaminar approaches were used for removing the pathologies. After a mean follow-up of 38.6 months (3–100 months), complete normalization or reduction of local pain was recorded in 87% of the patients and of radicular pain in 70% of the cases, increased motor strength could be achieved in 55%, sensitivity improved in 76.2% and improvement of myelopathy was noted in 71.4%. Two patients suffered from postoperative impairment of sensory deficits, which in one case was discrete. The overall recovery rate within the modified JOA score was 39.5%. In 1 patient, two revisions were required because of instability and a persisting osteophyte, respectively. The rate of major complications was 7.1% (2/28). Surgical treatment of thoracic disc herniations via posterior approaches tailored to the individual patient produces satisfying results referring to clinical outcome. Posterior approaches remain a viable alternative for a large proportion of patients with symptomatic thoracic disc herniations.