应用护理程序对糖尿病病人实施系统健康教育

目的　为提高糖尿病病人自我护理能力 ,增强其自我保健意识 ,提高病人生活质量。方法　对 30例糖尿病病人进行系统的健康教育并与未接受过系统健康教育的 30例糖尿病病人在有关疾病知识掌握程度、对护理工作满意度及平均住院日方面进行对比研究。结果　应用护理程序实施系统健康教育组病人有关糖尿病知识掌握程度较对照组明显提高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,对护理工作满意度明显提高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,平均住院日缩短。结论　实施系统健康教育有利于提高病人对糖尿病的认知水平 ,增强自我护理能力 ,对防止并发症的发生起到了有益的作用     

健康教育在糖尿病病人中的应用

对30例糖尿病病人进行糖尿病健康教育;增加了病人对糖尿病知识的认识,自觉改变原有不良的生活方式,建立合理的饮食和运动习惯,从而有效降低了病人血糖水平,对缓解病人病情起到了重要作用。认为正确、合理的健康教育可帮助病人建立良好的生活方式,提高病人对自身健康的维护能力,稳定糖尿病病人的病情,减少并发症的发生,提高其生活质量。     

建立糖尿病管理中心对社区糖尿病病人实施综合干预

目的:探讨社区糖尿病病人有序和科学的管理方式,更好地普及糖尿病的防治知识,提高社区糖尿病病人的生活质量。方法:建立糖尿病管理中心,采用多种形式对所在辖区糖尿病病人实施综合干预,干预前后对病人进行糖尿病相关知识的测评,同时测量干预前后病人的生化指标。结果:经过护理干预后,社区糖尿病病人对相关知识的了解、各项生化指标、知识掌握率、行为改变、技能合格率指标优于干预前,分别经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:通过建立糖尿病管理中心对社区糖尿病病人实施综合干预,推进糖尿病社区教育工作发展,提高病人对糖尿病相关知识的了解,有效控制糖尿病病人血糖及并发症发生,提高其生活质量,提高全民族健康水平。     

信息支持对老年高血压病人生活方式的影响

目的　了解老年高血压病人的信息支持和生活方式及二者之间关系 ,评估信息支持对老年高血压病人的生活方式的影响。方法　符合纳入标准的 10 0名老年高血压病人随机分为实验组和对照组各 5 0例 ,实验组接受信息支持 ,对照组不给予干预。用调查问卷收集资料 ,SPSS10 .0统计分析。结果　实验前实验组和对照组的信息支持得分为中等偏差水平 ,生活方式得分为中等水平。干预后两组生活方式得分有显著差异 ,P <0 .0 0 1;,干预前后实验组的生活方式比较 ,P <0 .0 0 1。老年高血压病人的信息支持与生活方式之间存在着高度相关 (r=0 .84 0 )。结论　本组老年高血压病人的信息支持属于中等偏差水平 ,生活方式属于中等水平 ,信息支持和生活方式存在正相关 ,提供适当的信息支持能促进老年高血压病人建立健康生活方式。医务人员应根据不同服务对象采取多种形式的信息支持 ,促进其健康生活方式 ,从而有效防治高血压及其并发症 ,提高其生活质量。     

糖尿病患者对低糖饮食的认知及行为调查

目的:通过了解糖尿病患者对低糖饮食的认知,针对性的做好健康教育,提高患者生活质量.方法:对新入院糖尿病患者通过自行设计的问卷调查表,采用面对面的访谈方式进行调查,内容包括一般资料、低糖饮食知识水平及执行情况、低糖饮食相关知识来源等,所得数据进行相关性分析.结果:年龄、文化程度、在职与否、家庭成员支持情况及经济收入与其对低糖饮食的认识水平及执行情况呈显著相关(P＜0.05).结论:糖尿病患者低糖饮食知识水平及执行情况处于一般水平的低值,需要强化健康教育,提高其生活质量.     

糖尿病健康教育的研究现状

随着我国人民生活水平的提高、劳动强度的减少及生活方式的改变,糖尿病病人也日趋增加。很多病人因为缺乏对糖尿病的正确认识,使糖尿病的控制受到了极大的影响。而如果能够对病人实施正确的健康教育,将对减轻或避免糖尿病并发症、提高病人生活质量具有重要意义。现将最新的糖尿病健康教育研究现状综述如下。     

评价健康教育对糖尿病患者生活方式的改变及效果

目的：评价糖尿病患者对糖尿病知识的了解状况，探讨健康教育对糖尿病患者的生活方式的影响及效果。方法：收集患者的信息，分别在饮食、运动、作息、心理状态方面给予有计划的健康教育，结果：对56例糖尿病患者健康前后的生活方式进行评价，进行健康教育后患者的生活方式有显著改变P〈0．01。结论：健康教育有利于提高病人对糖尿病的认识水平，同时使患者认识到良好生活方式对健康的重要性。     

实施家属健康教育对糖尿病病人生活质量及治疗效果的影响

[目的]探讨对糖尿病病人家属同步实施健康教育对病人生活质量和治疗效果的影响。[方法]选择门诊的80例糖尿病病人按首次门诊的先后顺序分为两组，单号为观察组，双号为对照组，两组病人在常规治疗的同时接受健康教育，观察在此基础上同步实施家属健康教育。在病人首诊和治疗第8周，采用生活质量指数评定量表，分别对两组病人生活质量进行评分并记录。同时测定两组病人血糖水平。[结果]第8周时，观察组总体生活质量明显高于初次就诊时（P〈0．01），对照组与初次就诊时比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。观察组总体生活质量明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）；观察组血糖控制明显好于对照纽（P〈0．05）。[结论]在糖尿病治疗中，对糖尿病病人家属同步实施健康教育，可提高家属的照料水平及配合程度，从而提高病人生活质量，有利于病人的康复。     

强化式健康教育对肝源性糖尿病病人生活质量的影响

目的探讨强化或健康教育对肝源性糖尿病病人生活质量的影响。方法将56例肝源性糖尿病病人随机分为两组各28例,观察组采用强化的PDCA循环健康教育方式,对照组实施说教式健康教育,持续进行3个月,并于入院时及第3个月对病人进行生活质量指数测试和肝源性糖尿病临床指标检查。结果 3个月后观察组病人生活质量指数、肝功能指标、肝病特有症状均显著高于对照组,空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白均低于对照组(均P<0．05或P<0．01)。结论对肝源性糖尿病病人实施PDCA循环强化健康教育方式较说教式教育好,能提高病人的生活质量。     

建立社区糖尿病病友俱乐部实施健康教育

为寻求适合社区糖尿病病人的健康教育方式,更好地普及糖尿病防治知识,提高糖尿病病人的生活质量,笔者拟在杭州市下城区朝晖街道建立糖尿病病友俱乐部,对糖尿病病人实施健康教育.通过建立糖尿病病友俱乐部,定期开展各项活动,提高社区糖尿病病人遵医行为、用药依从性及改变病人和社区居民不良的行为生活方式,从而降低社区居民糖尿病的发病率,延缓糖尿病病人慢性并发症的发生和发展.     

支气管哮喘病人疾病知识和生活方式的相关性研究

目的:确定哮喘病人的疾病知识掌握情况和生活方式水平,探究两者之间的关系.方法:应用描述相关性研究方法,对95例哮喘门诊病人进行问卷调查.结果: ①57.9%病人掌握的哮喘知识处于好的水平,只有2.1%病人的哮喘知识水平较差;②哮喘病人的生活方式处于一般水平;③疾病知识与生活方式呈显著正相关.结论:哮喘病人如果具有较好与疾病相关的知识水平,就会采纳有利于其健康的生活方式.     

Hyperhomocysteinemia and elevated ox-LDL in Tunisian type 2 diabetic patients: role of genetic and dietary factors

INTRODUCTION: Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) is an emerging risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. However, its relationship with diabetes is still unclear. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association between tHcy levels and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C-->T genotype in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) population and their relationship with oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) according to dietary habits and vascular complications. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighty-six DM patients were compared to 120 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Associated higher tHcy levels and significantly higher ox-LDL levels (p<0.001) were found in DM patients compared to healthy subjects. Homozygosity for the T allele of MTHFR was more frequent in diabetics than in healthy subjects (12.8% vs. 7.2%) and it was associated with higher tHcy levels. Moreover, this elevated level was associated with significantly higher ox-LDL levels in DM patients with hypertension (p<0.05). Improving folate and vitamin C intakes could have beneficial effects on lowering the tHcy and ox-LDL levels. CONCLUSIONS: The interplay of genetic and dietary factors modulates the effect of homocysteine on cardiovascular risk factors.     

Health care and patient-reported outcomes: results of the cross-national Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN) study

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of patients' self-reported well-being, self-management, and diabetes control with factors related to the patient's health care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of national samples of patients with diabetes (n = 5,104) from the multinational study of Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN). Patients from 13 countries in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America reported their level of well-being, self-management, and diabetes control. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis (blocks are countries, respondent characteristics, and health care features) was used to examine predictors of diabetes-related distress and general well-being, adherence to lifestyle and medical treatment recommendations, and perceived diabetes control and hyperglycemic symptoms. RESULTS: Country, respondent demographic and disease characteristics, and health care features were all associated with patient-reported outcomes. Better patient-provider collaboration was associated with more favorable ratings on all outcomes, and better access to the provider and availability of team care were associated with some positive outcomes. Country differences were only partly accounted for by patient and health care factors. Relationships between health care factors and outcomes varied across countries. CONCLUSIONS: Patients' reports of well-being, self-management, and diabetes control were related to the countries in which they live, their demographic and disease characteristics, and features of their health care. Opportunities to enhance patient-provider collaboration, access to care, and availability of team care should be pursued.     

急性心肌梗死患者的自我护理能力与机体功能状态的相关性分析

目的 :明确急性心肌梗死患者的自我护理能力和机体功能状态及其关系 ,探讨有效的护理干预 ,以提高自我护理能力 ,改善机体功能。方法 :采用问卷调查法收集资料 ,应用SPSS 10 .0处理所有数据资料。结果 :① 73 .44 %的患者自我护理能力在高等水平。② 5 1.5 6%患者的机体功能状态在高等水平。③急性心肌梗死患者的自我护理能力与机体功能状态之间的相关系数r=0 .45 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :急性心肌梗死患者的自我护理能力与机体功能状态之间存在中等程度的正相关 ,临床护士可通过健康教育增加患者的自我护理知识和技能 ,提高自我护理能力 ,改善机体功能 ,进而提高患者的生活质量     

2型糖尿病患者积极度及影响因素分析

目的了解2型糖尿病患者积极度现状,探讨影响积极度的相关因素。方法采用自行设计的一般资料调查表和患者积极度量表,对102例住院及门诊就诊的2型糖尿病患者进行问卷调查。采用统计描述和以积极度得分为应变量、以一般资料的各项目为自变量进行多元线性逐步回归分析。结果2型糖尿病患者积极度得分为（54．56±11．54）分,其中第1水平占25．5％,第2水平占26．5％,第3水平占31．4％,第4水平占16．7％。影响患者积极度的因素有血糖控制的感知、个人月收入情况及是否参加糖尿病教育（P〈0．05）。结论2型糖尿病患者积极水平有待进一步提高,护理人员应注重血糖控制较差的及收入低的患者积极度的提高,同时加强糖尿病患者的自我管理教育,并且在进行糖尿病自我管理教育时评估患者所处的积极水平,根据其所处的积极水平来制定针对性的健康教育计划。     

干眼症患者健康促进生活方式及影响因素研究

目的 通过调查了解干眼症患者健康促进生活方式现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 选取2021年8月至2022年2月就诊于东莞光明眼科医院门诊的240例干眼症患者作为调查对象,使用一般资料调查表、健康促进生活方式量表及眼表疾病指数量表进行调查。结果 240例干眼症患者的健康促进生活方式总分为（104.43±14.45）分,处于中等水平,各维度得分由高到低依次是营养、人际关系、精神成长、压力管理、健康责任及躯体运动。多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、文化程度、工作及休闲时电子产品使用时长及眼表疾病指数对干眼症患者的健康促进生活方式存在一定影响（P<0.05）。结论 临床医护人员应重点关注<20岁及30～39岁、长期使用电子产品的人群,使其了解更多健康用眼知识,指导其通过改善生活方式促进眼部及全身健康。     

Community health-care staff's experiences of support to prevent type 2 diabetes among people with psychosis: An interview study with health staff

The aim of the study was to describe mental health staff experiences of giving support to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among people with psychosis in community psychiatry. A qualitative interview study with a purposeful sample of 12 community health staff was conducted. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results show how staff reported continuously supporting people with psychosis to adapt to healthy lifestyles, but stated that support is not given until after a person becomes overweight or is diagnosed with type 2 DM. Support was described as a never-ending process of motivation facing many reverses. Individually-adapted support given in practical situations was perceived as most successful. Cooperation between health-care organizations was seen as essential, but inadequate. Limitations in income and social network, and easy access to fast food and alcohol, were seen as obstacles to support. The results indicate that community health staff are in a position to make a considerable impact in motivating and supporting healthy lifestyle changes in practical situations in daily life among people with psychosis. This study raises awareness of how community health staff's support can be useful when developing nursing skills and health-care plans for people with psychosis.     

Do nurses’ personal health behaviours impact on their health promotion practice? A systematic review

BackgroundThere is a growing expectation in national and international policy and from professional bodies that nurses be role models for healthy behaviours, the rationale being that there is a relationship between nurses’ personal health and the adoption of healthier behaviours by patients. This may be from patients being motivated by, and modelling, the visible healthy lifestyle of the nurse or that nurses are more willing to promote the health of their patients by offering public health or health promotion advice and referring the patient to support services.MethodsAn integrated systematic review was conducted to determine if nurses’ personal health behaviour impacted on (1) their health promotion practices, and (2) patient responses to a health promotion message. Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO databases were searched. A narrative synthesis was conducted.Results31 studies were included in the review. No consistent associations were noted between nurses’ weight, alcohol use, or physical activity level and their health promotion practice, although smoking appeared to negatively impact on the likelihood of discussing and engaging in cessation counselling. Nurses who reported confidence and skills around health promotion practice were more likely to raise lifestyle issues with patients, irrespective of their own personal health behaviours. The two studies included in the review that examined patient responses noted that the perceived credibility of a public health message was not enhanced by being delivered by a nurse who reported adopting healthy behaviours.ConclusionsAlthough it is assumed that nurses’ personal health behaviour influences their health promotion practice, there is little evidence to support this. The assertion in health care policy that nurses should be role models for healthy behaviours assumes a causal relationship between their health behaviours and the patient response and adoption of public health messages that is not borne out by the research evidence.     

老年患者健康价值、生活方式和自评健康状况的相关性研究

目的 了解老年患者的健康价值、生活方式和自评健康状况的相关性,指导护理人员有针对性地对老年患者进行健康教育,以提高其健康价值,改善生活方式,提高健康状况.方法 采用Wallston健康价值量表、生活方式量表和自评健康状况调查对128例老年患者进行问卷调查,并对调查结果进行相关性分析.结果 老年患者健康价值量表评分为（7.03±1.21）分,其中87.5%的患者有高水平的健康价值;生活方式量表得分为（143.96±18.17）分,其中40.62%的老年患者有优或好的生活方式;老年患者自评健康的调查结果显示自评健康状况受年龄因素影响.老年患者的健康价值与生活方式呈正相关（r=1.960,P〈0.05）;老年患者生活方式与自评健康状况呈正相关（rs=1.031,P〈0.05）.结论 老年患者生活方式与自评健康状况正相关,而老年健康价值水平与生活方式呈正相关.应加强健康教育,促使其自觉采纳健康的生活方式,预防和延缓疾病的发生.     

Impact of satisfaction, nurse-patient interactions and perceived benefits on health behaviors following a cardiac event.

AIMS: To describe patient perceptions of quality and satisfaction with nursing care, nurse-patient interactions and barriers to and benefits of implementing a healthy lifestyle. METHODS: A pretest-posttest cross-sectional correlational research design was used. Subjects were randomly selected between November 2001 and January 2002 from patients admitted to the National Institute of Cardiology in Budapest, Hungary. Participants completed 3 self-reported measures and a demographic survey, which assessed individual lifestyle behaviors (e.g. frequency of smoking, physical activity, stress and unhealthy dieting). RESULTS: Satisfaction with nursing care and nurse-patient interactions influenced both perceived benefits and barriers. Patient satisfaction and perceived benefits at discharge were associated with more frequent exercising and less smoking. Among other factors, perceived benefits at discharge were predicted by attentive nurse behaviors toward patients and by patients' ability to initiate discussion with nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support effects of patient satisfaction and nurse-patient relationships on perceived benefits/barriers. Compared to barriers, perceived benefits more importantly determined health behaviors. Attentive nursing care and the patient's ability to discuss health concerns with nurses appear more influential in modifying patient perceptions. Exploring nursing interventions to maximize perceived benefits during hospitalization is suggested.