分析评价四川省340家公立医院的技术效率

目的探讨四川省县级及县级以上公立医院的技术效率,为进一步合理配置医院资源提供科学依据。方法采用文献复习、问卷调查等方法了解公立医院2003～2007年的投入产出情况,应用数据包络分析方法(DEA)评价各医院技术效率。结果全省340家公立医院平均总技术效率值为0.758,纯技术效率值为0.800,73.03%的三级医院规模收益递减;县级和二级医院的技术效率均低于同类其他医院;中医院的平均住院日较长。结论四川省县级及县级以上公立医院的整体投入产出水平较高;建议规模收益递减的三级医院适当控制医院规模;缩短县级和二级医院的平均住院日;建议中医院加强民族医药技术进步。     

Data Envelopment Analysis Comparison of Hospital Efficiency and Quality

Using a sample of Virginia hospitals, performance measures of quality were examined as they related to technical efficiency. Efficiency scores for the study hospitals were computed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The study found that the technically efficient hospitals were performing well as far as quality measures were concerned. Some of the technically inefficient hospitals were also performing well with respect to quality. DEA can be used to benchmark both dimensions of hospital performance: technical efficiency and quality. The results have policy implications in view of growing concern that hospitals may be improving their efficiency at the expense of quality.     

北京市三级公立医院效率及其影响因素

目的：评价北京市2006-2015年间三级公立医院的综合技术效率,探讨其影响因素,并提出相应的政策建议。方法：使用数据包络分析测算北京市三级公立医院的综合技术效率、单纯技术效率和规模效率,利用Malmquist指数模型分析其动态效率情况,最后运用随机效应面板Tobit模型分析综合技术效率影响因素。结果：北京市三级公立医院的平均综合技术效率和单纯技术效率水平较高,分别由2006年的0.44和0.51升至2015年的0.62和0.68,两种效率值在0.5～0.8之间所占比例最高;规模效率值绝大部分分布于0.8～1.0之间,大部分医院处于规模报酬递减状态;医院全要素生产率平均每年以5.78%的速度进步,得益于技术效率和生产技术分别以年3.77%和1.94%的速度在进步,进一步分解技术效率进步,单纯技术效率在以年3.21%的平均速度进步,规模效率仅有0.53%的年平均进步速度。综合技术效率与床位周转率、医师年均担负诊疗人次、医护比呈正相关,与床位数、门诊住院人次比、卫生技术人员占比和药占比呈负相关。结论：严格控制三级公立医院规模,注重医院生产技术的创新和应用,转变医院内部管理水平和管理模式,推进精细化管理,以实现可持续发展。     

武汉市医院投入产出效率分析

目的探讨武汉市医院资源投入产出效率,了解武汉市医院资源规划情况,为武汉市进一步合理规划医院资源,科学进行医院资源配置提供科学依据。方法共收集58家二级以上医院投入产出资料,采用描述性分析、聚类分析及数据包络分析进行分析研究。结果武汉市58家二级以上医院的DEA分析结果显示:总体有效医院12家(占20·69%),非总体有效医院46家(占79·13%);技术有效医院17家(占29·31%),规模有效医院12家(20·69%),技术有效而非规模有效的医院5家(占10·87%);46家非规模有效的医院中,规模收益递增14家(30·43%),规模收益递减32家(69·57%)。三级甲等医院平均效率得分最高(0·726),以后依次是二级乙等医院(0·702)、二级甲等医院(0·667)和三级乙等医院(0·535)。结论武汉市二级以上医院普遍存在规模偏大、技术规模效率低等特点,重视医院内涵建设,提高管理水平,发展医院特色,合理资源配置及利用,搞好医疗服务,是提高武汉市医院投入产出效率的重要手段。     

The Association between Hospital Ownership and Technical Efficiency in a Managed Care Environment

This study assessed the association between hospital ownership and technical efficiency in a managed care environment. Hospital technical efficiency scores were calculated via the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method, employing four input variables and three output variables from the American Hospital Association Hospital Survey Data for acute care general hospitals in Florida. By utilizing the hospital technical efficiency scores as a dependent variable, we determined that non-profit hospitals were more efficient than for-profit hospitals for all 4 years examined in this study. In particular, for-profit hospitals with between 100 and 249 beds and those with more than 400 beds had lower technical efficiency scores as compared to their nonprofit peers. Another finding was that teaching hospitals were more efficient than non-teaching hospitals in 2001–2003, but not in 2004. Those variables associated with managed care, namely “number of HMO contracts” and “contracted with HMO”, however, were not shown to be statistically significant.     

不同管理系统下的医院运营效率比较

目的：评价并比较北京地区国家卫生和计划生育委员会直属（委属）与北京市医院管理局直属（市属）综合公立医院的运营效率,为提升公立医院整体效率、完善公立医院改革的相关政策提供依据。方法：从2011-2014年北京市卫生统计直报数据中,获取得到8家委属和8家市属大型综合医院的投入与产出数据。以数据包络分析作为医院运营效率的测量工具;采用CCR和BCC模型计算16家医院在2011年度和2014年度的综合技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率及规模报酬情况;采用Malmquist指数模型对16家医院进行跨期分析,求解2011-2014年间两类医院全要素生产率变化、技术变动、综合技术效率变化、纯技术效率变化及规模效率变化情况。结果：2011年委属医院的综合技术效率、规模效率和纯技术效率均高于市属医院,其中委属医院综合技术效率均值为0.918,市属医院为0.873;到了2014年,委属医院的各效率指标则均低于市属医院,其中委属医院综合技术效率均值为0.906,市属医院为0.951。Malmquist指数模型结果显示,市属医院全要素生产率变化大于委属医院,前者平均每年增长5.9%,后者平均每年增长2.8%;技术变动方面,委属、市属医院均为技术进步状态,委属医院平均每年增长3.2%,市属医院为2.9%;委属医院纯技术效率的增长幅度远低于市属医院;委属医院规模效率的下降幅度大于市属医院。结论：不同管理体系下两类医院的运营效率及变化有很大差异,其中技术进步和管理水平是影响医院效率的最重要因素;结合规模报酬情况及北京地区宏观卫生政策,委属和市属医院仍需进一步推进优质资源向市中心区以外转移,同时应注重医院技术水平和管理水平的提升。     

四川省340家公立医院技术效率的随机前沿生产函数分析

目的 探讨公立医院的技术效率,为充分利用医疗卫生资源和提高效率提供参考依据.方法 将医院的技术效率值划分为低效率(0～0.50]、中等效率(>0.50～0.80]、高效率(>0.80～1.00],采用随机前沿生产函数评价医院的技术效率,采用方差分析、秩和检验方法对技术效率的影响因素进行分层分析.结果 每年低效率者占0....     

基于数据包络分析的军队医院药学部门效率评价

目的:评价军队医院药学部门的相对效率,为医院合理配置药学资源提供决策参考。方法:运用数据包络分析方法（DEA）,以药学人员、设施设备、实际使用面积、发展建设经费为投入要素,以药品收费、临床药学服务、药学信息服务、学术成果、科研活动等为产出要素,评价71家军队医院药学部门的生产效率,对不同经济条件假设下的评价结果进行效率分解,以评估各部门的规模效率、要素处置效率和纯技术效率;结果:数据包络分析表明28家医院的药学部门相对效率值为1,DEA有效,43家医院药学部门相对效率<1,投入要素存在效率损失;多元线性回归分析表明,医院编制等级、医院病床展开数、临床药师下临床的时间、人员新进率、本科以上学历的药学专业技术人员比例、病床使用率等因素与5项产出要素值相关,并建立5个多元线性回归方程;Pearson χ2检验表明规模效率、要素处置效率和纯技术效率相对无效的药学部门在不同的医院编制等级中的分布差异有统计学意义,要素处置效率、纯技术效率相对无效的药学部门在不同地区的分布差异有统计学意义;Pearson 两两相关分析结果表明药学部门DEA相对效率值与医院等级相关,与医院所属地区和所在城市无关。结论:军队医院的编制等级以及由此引起的资源和技术力量的有效配置可能是药学部门提高效率的关键因素。     

广西乡镇卫生院运营效率评价

目的 对广西乡镇卫生院运营效率进行调查与分析,为合理配置与利用卫生资源提供决策依据.方法 采用数据包络分析(DEA)模型评价广西1 165所乡镇卫生院运营效率.结果 在251所中心卫生院中,总体有效为42所,占16.70%;纯技术有效为58所,占23.10%.在914所一般卫生院中,总体有效为43所,占4.70%;纯技...     

Efficiency Measurement for Hospitals Owned by the Iranian Social Security Organisation

This study used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to examine the relative efficiency of hospitals owned by the Iranian Social Security Organization, which is the second largest institutional source of hospital care in that country. Using data for the year 2002, 26 of the 53 hospitals were deemed to be efficient. Inefficient hospitals had an average score of 90%, implying a potential reduction in all inputs on average by about 10% with no impact on output levels. In addition to the conventional DEA measurement, efficient hospitals were ranked by calculating super-efficiency scores, by identifying weak efficient hospitals, and by determining the frequency of peers. The study provides useful information for improving hospital management, rationalizing resource allocation, and improving services provided by hospitals.     

Benchmarking mechanical ventilation services in teaching hospitals

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the technical efficiency of mechanical ventilation nonsurgery (DRG 475) among University Hospital Consortium (UHC) hospitals that consists of volunteer, teaching hospitals across the nation. The data for this study was retrieved from the 1997 UHC database that includes charge and discharge information for 69 hospitals. Data on 7961 patients classified with mechanical ventilation were aggregated to the hospital level. We retained data from a total of 62 hospitals, the other seven hospitals had missing data. The research questions were (1) Do UHC hospitals differ significantly in their efficiencies in the treatment of mechanically ventilated patients? (2) What inputs and outputs contribute most to the inefficiencies associated with mechanical ventilation? Of the 62 hospitals analyzed using data envelopment analysis technique, 10 were considered efficient and 52 were inefficient as compared to their benchmark peers. Efficient and inefficient hospitals did significantly differ between the transferred output variable and between the respiratory, laboratory, and radiology input variables. All inputs demonstrated excessive resource utilization among inefficient hospitals as compared to efficient hospitals. A total reduction of about $19 million dollars in ancillary services would need to occur for inefficient hospitals to approach the frontier of efficient hospitals. This study demonstrates that mechanical ventilation is costly, yet the specified ancillary services are capable of being reduced yielding technical efficiency as demonstrated by 10 efficient hospitals.     

Efficiency of Federal Hospitals in the United States

This study evaluates the technical efficiency of federal hospitals in the United States using a variable returns to scale, input-oriented, data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology. Hospital executives, health care policy-makers, taxpayers, and other stakeholders, benefit from studies that improve the efficiency of federal hospitals. Data for 280 federal hospitals in 1998 and 245 in 2001 were analyzed using DEA to measure hospital efficiency. Results indicate overall efficiency in federal hospitals improved from 68% in 1998 to 79% in 2001. However, based upon 2001 spending of 42.5 billion for federal hospitals potential savings of42.5 billion for federal hospitals potential savings of 2.0 billion annually are possible through more efficient management of resources. From a policy perspective, this study highlights the importance of establishing more specific policies to address inefficiency in the federal health care industry.     

数据包络分析在评价医院技术效率及质量中的应用

目的将数据包络分析方法（Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA）应用于医院的技术效率和质量的评价,来比较纳入质量指标作为产出变量后医院绩效的变化。方法利用2003年弗吉尼亚州53家非联邦急诊医院的相关信息及肺炎治疗质量数据,以技术指标为产出指标和以技术指标结合质量指标为产出指标建立2个DEA模型。结果在模型I中,DEA有效的医院数为16所;在模型1的基础上加上质量指标作为产出变量（模型2）进行分析后,DEA有效的医院数为21所,模型2有效性高于模型1（P〈0．05）。结论医院要注重同时提高技术效率和医疗质量,以优化资源的利用,提高医疗机构绩效。     

基于数据包络分析的广西乡镇卫生院精神卫生服务效率评价研究

背景　乡镇卫生院是开展农村精神卫生防治工作的主要力量,研究其精神卫生服务效率是否达到最佳状态对推进精神卫生事业发展有重要意义,但目前罕有相关文献。目的　采用数据包络分析（DEA）评价广西乡镇卫生院的精神卫生服务效率,为基层精神卫生事业的发展提供参考,为DEA在精神卫生领域的应用提供参考。方法　2018年1-6月,按广西的地理分布和经济发展水平,随机抽取15个样本县;在每个样本县,以人口作为标识,采用系统抽样的方法抽取3个乡镇卫生院;最终共抽取45个乡镇卫生院（分别为A1~A45）为调查对象。采用自制“乡镇卫生院社区精神卫生服务绩效评估问卷”进行调查,调查内容包括2017年广西乡镇卫生院的基本情况、精神卫生经费投入、精神卫生服务人力资源,以及严重精神障碍患者建档、规范管理、规律服药、病情稳定情况。通过政策研究和文献研究选取精神卫生经费投入和精神卫生人员（含兼职人员）为投入指标,严重精神障碍患者建档率、规范管理率、规律服药率和病情稳定率为产出指标,运用产出导向的BCC模型分析精神卫生服务效率的相对有效性,并计算各项指标的目标值。结果　共发放问卷45份,回收有效问卷45份,有效回收率为100.0%。45个乡镇卫生院精神卫生服务的平均技术效率（综合效率）为0.450,其中A7最低（0.109）;平均纯技术效率为0.956,其中A8最低（0.710）;平均规模效率为0.462,其中A38最低（0.125）。只有6个乡镇卫生院（A3、A21、A22、A28、A34、A36）技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率同时为1.000,即精神卫生服务效率相对有效,占13.3%。有23个乡镇卫生院的纯技术效率达到相对有效（纯技术效率=1.000）,占58.97%。从规模报酬来看,有39个乡镇卫生院规模报酬处于递减状态,占86.7%。39个非DEA有效乡镇卫生院的严重精神障碍患者建档率还可以平均再提高0.29‰,严重精神障碍患者规范管理率还可以平均再提高8.63%,严重精神障碍患者规律服药率还可以平均再提升8.02%,严重精神障碍患者病情稳定率还可以平均再提升6.06%。结论　广西乡镇卫生院的精神卫生服务效率整体较低,存在当前精神卫生资源利用不足、结构和配置不合理、规模效率低下、精神卫生服务产出的增长速度低于投入的增长速度等问题,且严重精神障碍患者的管理不到位,乡镇卫生院的内部管理和质量控制存在不足,精神卫生服务的产出还有较大的提升空间。建议有效利用当前精神卫生资源,并优化结构,改善配置,加强乡镇卫生院内涵建设,建立健全工作机制,以提升精神卫生服务效率。     

Trends in Department of Defense hospital efficiency

This study employs a simple cross sectional design using longitudinal data to explore the underlying factors associated with differences in hospital technical efficiency using data envelopment analysis (DEA) in the Department of Defense (DOD) sector across three service components, the Army, Air Force and Navy. The results suggest that the services do not differ significantly in hospital efficiency. Nor does hospital efficiency appear to differ over time. With respect to the efficient use of input resources, the services experienced a general decline in excessive usage of various inputs over the three years. Analysis of the returns to scale captures opportunities for planners of changing the relative mix of output to input slacks for increasing a hospital's efficiency. That is, policy makers would get more immediate “bang per buck” with emphasis on improving the efficiencies of hospitals with higher returns to scale than other hospitals. Findings also suggest a significant degree of comparability between the DEA measure and these measures often used to indicate efficiency.     

Medicare reimbursement accuracy under the prospective payment system, 1985 to 1988.

BACKGROUND--Hospital reimbursement by Medicare's prospective payment system depends on accurate identification and coding of inpatients' diagnoses and procedures using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). A previous study showed that 20.8% +/- 0.5% (mean +/- SE) of hospital bills for 1985 contained errors that changed their diagnosis related group (DRG) and that a significant 61.6% +/- 1.3% of errors overreimbursed the hospitals. This DRG "creep" improperly increased net reimbursement by 1.9%, +308 million when projected nationally. The present study updated our previous study with 1988 data. METHODS--The Office of Inspector General, US Department of Health and Human Services, obtained a simple random sample of 2451 hospital charts for Medicare discharges from 1988. The American Medical Record Association reabstracted the ICD-9-CM codes on a blinded basis, grouped them to DRGs, and determined the reasons for discrepancies. RESULTS--Coding errors declined to 14.7% +/- 0.7% in 1988, and a nonsignificant 50.7% +/- 2.6% of DRG errors overreimbursed the hospitals. Projected nationally, hospitals did not receive a significant overreimbursement. Physician misspecification of the narrative diagnoses underreimbursed the hospitals, while billing department resequencing overreimbursed them. CONCLUSIONS--The attestation requirement may have deterred DRG creep due to attending physician upcoding, but the peer review organizations' sentinel effect and educational activities have not eliminated hospital resequencing.     

Variation in length of stay as a measure of efficiency in Manitoba hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficiency of Manitoba hospitals by analysing variations in length of stay for patients with similar characteristics. DESIGN: Retrospective study. Multiple regression analyses were used to adjust for patient (case-mix) characteristics and to identify differences in length of stay attributable to the hospital of admission for 14 specific, frequently encountered diagnostic categories and for all acute admissions. SETTING: The eight major acute care hospitals in Manitoba. PARTICIPANTS: Manitoba residents admitted to any one of the eight hospitals during the fiscal year 1989-90, 1990-91 or 1991-92. Patients transferred to or from another institution, those with atypically long stays and those who died in hospital were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURE: Length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The length of stay was strongly influenced by hospital of admission, even after adjustment for key patient characteristics. Excluding the most seriously ill patients and those with the longest stays, approximately 186 beds could potentially have been saved if each hospital had discharged its patients as efficiently as the hospital with the shortest overall length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of days currently invested in treating acute care patients could be eliminated. At least some bed closures in Manitoba hospitals could be accommodated simply through more efficient treatment of patients in the remaining beds, without decreasing access to hospital care.     

多维度精细化管理提高床位运营效果的实践

目的:探索三级医院多维度精细化管理提高住院床位运营效率和效益的方法。方法:某院通过成立"一站式住院服务中心",针对住院床位统一调配中遇到的问题,从优化入院流程、明确各科室的床位配置及属性,制定绩效考核方案等多维度,探索管理办法;通过病床使用率、床位周转率、平均住院日、病例组合指数(CMI)均值、单位床位的医疗收入占比等指标,对床位进行精细化管理。结果:患者只跑一次即可完成住院全部手续;2016-2018年3项指标趋好:(1)床位周转次数同比提高0.39%;(2)CMI(平均权重)由1.01增至1.07,表明收治患者的疾病复杂程度和治疗难度逐年提高;(3)单位床位医疗收入结构比从34.59%增至34.80%,增长幅度0.6%,表明住院床位的经济效益结构稳步改善。结论:多维度精细化床位管理办法可以提高床位周转率、提升危重疑难患者收治、提高医护人员的技术能力,从而使医院的经济运行结构更加趋于合理、高效。     

基于数据包络法和TOPSIS法的广西乡镇卫生院医疗服务效率综合评价

目的 分析2008~2015年广西乡镇卫生院的医疗服务情况,评价广西乡镇卫生院医疗服务效率.方法 收集广西2008~2015年广西乡镇卫生院医疗服务数据,运用数据包络法和TOPSIS法进行综合评价.结果 从2008年到2015年广西乡镇卫生院机构的数量增长幅度逐渐变小,2013年开始逐年减少,床位数逐年升高,卫生技术人员总人数呈上升趋势,但其中的医生数呈下降趋势.2010年乡镇卫生院医疗服务效率规模无效,规模报酬递减,2013年广西乡镇卫生院医疗服务效率最高.结论 从2013年到2015年广西乡镇卫生院存在医生流失的现象,广西乡镇卫生院依然存在人力资源匮乏的问题,过度的医疗资源投入并不能收获更高效的回报.