关于血糖仪质量控制中测量偏倚统计方法的研究

目的 :探讨便携式血糖仪质量控制的可行、科学检测方法,提高便携式血糖仪的应用质量,降低相关风险。方法:该研究共纳入8种常用血糖仪,并以生化仪作为对照仪器,采用等效性试验及测量偏倚方法评估血糖仪的准确性。结果:233例患者自愿受试,并签署知情同意书。根据95%置信区间及测量偏倚在±20%范围内的比例结果分析,共有3种血糖仪测量偏倚没有统计学差异,而且满足临床等效性要求。结论:该方法可用于医院开展便携式血糖仪的质量控制,保证临床安全使用便携式血糖仪。     

糖尿病患者自持POCT血糖仪使用现状调查分析

目的了解糖尿病患者自持血糖仪使用现状,为提高自测血糖检验质量及相关管理规范提供现实依据。方法制定糖尿病患者自持POCT血糖仪使用现状调查问卷表,对糖尿病患者进行问卷调查,收集患者持有POCT血糖仪,与日立LABOSPECT008全自动生化分析仪做比对试验。结果患者自持POCT血糖仪存在品牌杂乱且质量参差不齐的现象;患者未接受规范培训,导致使用不规范、检测结果不准确、与生化仪结果可比性差等现象;患者自持血糖仪缺乏使用指导及规范管理。结论医院与政府管理部门应加大对糖尿病患者自持血糖仪的管理,制定相关的管理规定,规范厂家血糖仪的销售及售后服务,积极为患者提供相应的技术指导及售后支持,以提高糖尿病患者使用POCT血糖仪自测的质量。     

便携式血糖仪的规范化管理实践

目的：规范便携式血糖仪在临床中的应用,提高血糖检测质量和检测水平。方法：成立统一的便携式血糖仪管理小组,同一医疗单元的便携式血糖仪统一型号,并进行全面的生化比对分析,使用中制定统一的标准操作规程,加强使用人员的培训,定期进行室内及室间质控。结果：医院人员的便携式血糖仪知识掌握率、操作使用合格率及结果检查合格率均大幅上升。结论：规范的管理体系为便携式血糖仪检测结果的可靠性提供了保障。     

品管圈运用于便携式血糖仪质量管理中的应用分析

目的：分析品管圈运用于便携式血糖仪质量管理中的应用效果。方法：入组40名内科护士,均于2018年3月～2020年2月在职。根据实施品管圈管理时间前后将其分为对照组（2018年3月～2019年2月）和观察组（2019年3月～2020年2月）。对照组内科护士严格按照卫生部制定的便携式血糖仪使用标准进行血糖检测,观察组则实施品管圈管理。观察两组质量管理效果。结果：便携式血糖仪管理质量比较,观察组规范操作率、操作知识知晓率和综合技能提升率均高于对照组（P<0.05）;与对照组沟通协调、解决问题能力、自信心和幸福感评分相比,观察组均明显偏高（P<0.05）;与对照组便携式血糖仪管理满意度相比,观察组明显偏高（P<0.05）。结论：对内科护士使用便携式血糖仪进行品管圈管理,可提升内科护士对血糖仪使用知识的知晓率及护理技能,提高血糖仪使用的规范性。     

基于PDCA循环的床旁血糖质量管理体系构建

目的利用PDCA循环原理,建立便携式血糖仪质量管理体系,保证床旁血糖检测的准确性。方法成立POCT管理委员会,制定便携式血糖仪管理制度和质量管理标准,每日开展室内质控,每月检查室内质控落实情况,每半年进行1次血糖仪与生化分析仪的比对。组织操作人员的定期培训与考核,实现人员操作标准化、规范化、同质化。结果质量管理体系建立后,每日室内质控开展率达100%,每日室内质控合格率达到99.3%,比对合格率达98%。结论建设血糖仪质量管理体系可以提高临床工作效率和检测结果的准确性,充分发挥便携式血糖仪在临床使用中便捷、快速的优越性,提高医疗质量,保障患者安全。     

品管圈在便携式血糖仪质量管理中的应用效果观察

目的：研究品管圈在便携式血糖仪质量管理中的应用效果观察。方法：选取本院2018年1月～2019年12月的40例护士作为本次研究主要对象,分别对品管圈活动前后的血糖仪相关知识知晓情况进行分析。结果：和活动前相比,品管圈活动后,其能够使护士的知识知晓率获得进一步提高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对活动前沟通协调、幸福感、解决问题能力和自信心评分相比,活动后均明显偏高(P<0.05);与活动前便携式血糖仪规范使用率和管理满意度相比,活动后均明显偏高(P<0.05)。结论：在实行便携式血糖仪质量管理的过程中,品管圈的应用能够进一步强化护士对血糖仪质量管理相关知识的了解和掌握,可以更好地对患者血糖水平进行检测,进而实现对患者血糖水平的评估。     

糖尿病患者自持POCT血糖仪的管理探讨

正宁波市鄞州区第二医院(三级乙等)POCT质量管理小组对糖尿病患者自持POCT血糖仪使用现状进行了详细调查分析,发现患者自持POCT血糖仪存在品牌杂乱且质量参差不齐的现象;患者未接受规范培训,导致使用不规范、检测结果不准确、与生化仪结果可比性差;患者自持POCT血糖仪缺乏使用指导及规范。为此,质量管理小组制定了针对性管理措施,实施半年来,取得了良好的效果。     

血糖仪那么多, 哪款才是你的菜

血糖仪主要用于糖友了解居家时的血糖控制情况,是糖尿病自我血糖管理的重要工具.面对市场上琳琅满目、功能多样、价格不一的血糖仪,如何挑选一款物美价廉的血糖仪?在使用过程中应该注意什么?这些是广大糖友非常关心的问题.     

便携式血糖仪的质量控制研究

目的：对便携式血糖仪的性能指标进行质量控制检测,判断其测试数值是否可被接受.方法：利用NCCLS的评价体系为检测指导,利用全自动生化分析仪、己糖激酶法测得数据为对照,对血糖仪测得结果进行分析.结果：经过对便携式血糖仪进行质量控制检测分析,其精密度、准确性、抗干扰性均符合相关要求,表明该种方法可以被接受.结论：经过质量控制检测,便携式血糖仪可以较好地用于血糖测试.     

POCT血糖仪临床应用及管理

便携式血糖仪由于具有便携、操作简单、结果快速、用血量少等突出特点,被临床和家庭大量应用,特别是对糖尿病人在治疗过程中的血糖随机监测。目前,我院各科室使用的血糖仪品牌和型号众多,检测原理不尽相同,测定范围受限,过高或过低,均不能显示其测定值。同时血糖检测试纸易受环境因素影响,况且目前由医生、护士等进行血糖仪操作,血糖检测结果的质量控制     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.