新生儿脐血乳酸水平与血气分析、新生儿结局的相关性分析

目的通过观察阴道分娩新生儿脐动脉血乳酸水平变化，研究脐血乳酸水平与酸中毒、新生儿结局、行为神经测定（neonatal behavioral neudogioal assessment，NBNA）间的关系。方法随机选择2005年2月至2006年3月阴道分娩的291例新生儿进行研究，分为两组，对照组174例，观察组117例，测定新生儿脐动脉血乳酸、血气分析及NBNA评分。结果对照组新生儿脐动脉血乳酸95％参考值范围为1．49mmol／L～4．15mmol／L。对照组与观察组新生儿脐动脉血乳酸水平及主要血气参数比较，差异有显著意义（P〈0.01）。观察组新生儿脐血乳酸水平与pH值、BE值、生后4d～6dNBNA评分比较，差异有显著意义（r=-0．46，-0．51，-0．32；P〈0.01），以乳酸浓度〉4．15mmol／L为界值（x^- ±1．96s），诊断代谢性酸中毒（BE值〈-6mmol／L），其敏感度为58．54％，特异度为90．40％。结论脐动脉血乳酸浓度与pH值、BE值有较好的相关性及相似的预测价值，是一项判断围生儿产时宫内酸碱代谢状况，评估新生儿近期预后的生化指标。     

新生儿窒息与脐血高迁移率族蛋白-1、白介素-6及脐动脉血气指标的相关性分析

目的分析脐动脉血气指标、血清中脐血高迁移率族蛋白-1 (HMGB-1)和白介素-6 (IL-6)在新生儿窒息中的变化及相关性。方法选取2015年3月-2016年10月在普宁市人民医院确诊的70例窒息新生儿为研究对象,根据Apgar评分分为轻度组(55例)和重度组(15例),另选取同期在该院出生的66例正常新生儿为对照组。分别检测各组新生儿脐血HMGB-1、IL-6水平及脐动脉血气指标(pH、PaO_2、PaCO_2和BE)。结果重度组和轻度组脐动脉血气分析结果比较,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。重度组和轻度组脐血HMGB-1、IL-6水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。相关性分析结果显示,窒息新生儿脐血HMGB-1、IL-6和脐血PaCO_2呈显著正相关关系(P0. 05),而与脐血pH、PaO_2及BE均呈显著负相关关系(P0. 05)。结论脐血HMGB-1、IL-6水平与新生儿窒息密切相关,结合脐动脉血气分析检测有助于新生儿窒息的早期诊断和预后判断。     

脐血乳酸水平、胎心监护无应激实验不良图形和羊水过少新生儿结局关系的研究

目的探讨脐动脉血乳酸水平与胎心监护无应激试验(non-stress test,NST)异常图形及羊水过少新生儿结局之间的关系。方法 2007年2月至2010年2月在本院住院分娩的羊水过少孕妇140例为研究对象,将其纳入观察组;选取同期羊水量正常的140例孕妇纳入对照组。两组新生儿均为足月、单胎、头位分娩及未并发其他病理因素受试者(本研究遵循的程序符合本院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象本人的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书)。对所有受试者均在产前(1～2)d进行胎心监护无应激试验[监护(20～40)min]。对比分析无应激试验监护波形,检测新生儿脐动脉血乳酸水平及生后20项行为神经评分(neonatal behavioral neurological assessment,NBNA)。结果观察组孕妇无应激试验基线变异消失和一过性减速等异常常见,可致剖宫产率增加。观察组孕妇脐血乳酸水平明显高于对照组,且差异有显著意义(P0.01);脐血pH值、碱剩余(base excess,BE)显著低于对照组,且差异有显著意义(P0.01)。脐血乳酸水平与pH值、碱剩余值呈显著负相关关系(P0.01)。结论脐血乳酸水平与pH值、碱剩余值有较好的相关性。羊水过少时,无应激试验基线变异消失或一过性减速与围生儿脐血高乳酸水平、不良结局有关。     

足月妊娠羊水偏少200例临床分析

目的：探讨足月妊娠羊水偏少对新生儿结局的影响。方法选择200例足月妊娠羊水偏少患者为观察组,同期154例羊水过少患者及191例羊水量正常孕妇为对照组,比较三组不同分娩方式下新生儿异常情况的发生率。结果羊水偏少组及羊水过少组新生儿异常发生率均高于羊水正常组（χ2＝0．001,P＜0．05）,但羊水偏少组与羊水过少组新生儿异常发生率无统计学差异（χ2＝0．978,P＞0．05）;不同分娩方式羊水偏少组与羊水过少组新生儿异常发生率无统计学差异（χ2值分别为0．103、0．117,均P＞0．05）;羊水偏少组与羊水过少组发生羊水污染者不同分娩方式新生儿异常情况无统计学差异（χ2值分别为0．804、0．151,均P＞0．05）。结论足月妊娠羊水偏少不容忽视,同样易导致围产儿异常,阴道试产时应密切观察产程进展。     

动脉血乳酸监测和血气分析在羊水污染新生儿窒息中的价值

目的探讨动脉血乳酸检测和血气分析在羊水污染新生儿窒息中的价值。方法选取2014年12月-2016年12月海南省妇幼保健院产房出生的新生儿中有羊水污染者200例,按羊水污染程度分为Ⅰ度污染组(70例)、Ⅱ度污染组(83例)、Ⅲ度污染组(47例)。其中有45例窒息新生儿,按窒息程度分轻度窒息组(28例)和重度窒息组(17例);另随机选取同期出生的无污染新生儿100例为对照组。比较3组脐动脉乳酸及血气分析结果;比较羊水污染组的脐动脉乳酸及血气分析结果;比较3组新生儿的窒息发生率;在羊水污染的新生儿中,比较无窒息、轻度窒息和重度窒息新生儿的脐动脉及出生时、出生后3 h、6 h、12 h的乳酸水平;以窒息新生儿为对象,绘制脐动脉及出生后3 h血乳酸和pH值的诊断窒息ROC曲线,判断其诊断价值。结果 (1)Ⅰ、Ⅱ度羊水污染组脐动脉血乳酸、pH值、BE、HCO_3~-和TCO_2与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),Ⅲ度污染组除血乳酸和pH值差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其他指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)羊水污染程度越重,新生儿的窒息发生率越高(P0.05);(3)200例羊水污染组新生儿中,轻、重度窒息组脐动脉乳酸水平均显著高于无窒息组(P0.05),出生时与出生后3 h,轻、重度窒息组血乳酸水平显著高于无窒息组(P0.05);出生后6 h,重度窒息组血乳酸水平高于轻度窒息和无窒息组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);出生后12 h,各组之间血乳酸水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)2个监测点乳酸诊断窒息ROC曲线下面积明显超过pH值诊断窒息ROC曲线下面积;(5)生后3 h乳酸水平在诊断新生儿窒息时,敏感度和特异度均较脐动脉高。结论新生儿窒息发生率与羊水污染程度有关;羊水污染后,脐动脉及血乳酸、pH值升高,尤其是Ⅲ度污染最高;乳酸较pH值更能反映新生儿的代谢状态,在诊断新生儿窒息方面价值优于pH值,特别是出生3 h后的乳酸水平,诊断价值最大。     

围产期干预铅对新生儿神经行为发育影响

目的：探讨围产期干预铅对新生儿神经行为发育的影响。方法：采用Ebselen对围产期铅暴露进行干预流病学调查及原子吸收法测定脐血铅、双道束荧光光度计测定脐血硒和新生儿出生后第26－28天采用双盲法进行神经行为发育（NBNA）评分。结果：干预组脐血铅为0．34μmol／L,显著低于对照组（0．5μmol／L）,血硒,血锌,GSH－Px均高于对照组（P均＜0．01）,LPO含量低于对照组（P＜0．01）。干预组婴儿NBNA＞35达65．8％,显著优于对照（P＜0．01）。结论：围产期干预铅对减轻新生儿铅毒,改善微量营养素水平,提高抗氧化能力和保护新生儿智力正常发育均有明显的促进作用。     

第二产程延长与新生儿预后以及脐动脉血气分析的相关性研究

目的：探讨第二产程延长与新生儿预后以及脐动脉血气分析的相关性,为改善胎儿预后、降低新生儿发病率和致残率提供临床参考。方法：选用苍南县第三人民医院妇产科2012年6月-2013年6月收治的单胎足月头位无妊娠合并症及妊娠并发症的孕妇120例,根据第二产程时间将她们分为Ⅰ组（产程时间〈1h）50例、Ⅱ组（产程时间1～2h）50例和Ⅲ组（产程时间〉2h）20例。在3组产妇胎儿娩出后均采集胎儿脐动脉血,采用美国产i—STAT300手掌式血气分析仪进行血气分析,并统计3组Ⅱ-Ⅲ度羊水污染例数、新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿窒息例数和脐动脉血气指标情况。结果：Ⅰ组的Ⅱ-Ⅲ度羊水污染例数、新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿窒息例数分别为0例（0.000）、（9．90±0．303）分、5例（10．000）,Ⅱ组的分别为19例（38．00％）、（9．34±0．92）分、21例（42．00％）,Ⅲ组的分别为20例（100．00％）、（6．00±2．36）分、18例（90．00％）,3组的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;Ⅰ组脐动脉血气指标PH值（酸碱值）、PaO2（氧分压）、PaCO2（二氧化碳分压）和BE（剩余碱值）分别为（7．31±0．06）、（29．85±6．29）mmHg、（58．19±5．77）mmHg和（-5．00±1．74）mmol／L,Ⅱ组的分别为（7．23±0．06）、（25．86±5．56）mmHg、（63．04±7．26）mmHg和（-8．18±3．20）mmol／L,Ⅲ组的分别为（6．98±0．17）、（21．62±4．30）mmHg、（71．52±6．90）mmHg和（-14．69±2．91）mmol／L,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组的PaC02和BE存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组的PH值、PaO2、PaCO2和BE均存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组的PaO2、PaCO2和BE均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论：第二产程时间与新生儿预后及脐动脉血气密切相关,早期干预缩短第二产程,有助于提高改善新生儿预后,降低新生儿发病率与致残率。     

胎心监护对胎儿窘迫的诊断价值

目的 探讨产时持续胎心监护对胎儿窘迫的诊断价值.方法 将458例足月妊娠、单胎、无阴道分娩禁忌证的孕妇根据产时胎心宫缩图(CTG)分为三组:A组(172例)为不良图形,B组(134例)为轻度变异减速图形,C组(152例)为正常图形.在孕妇产程中持续胎心监护,新生儿出生时取脐动脉血进行血气分析及乳酸测定.结果 脐动脉血乳酸水平与pH值、剩余碱(BE)呈显著负相关(r=-0.66、-0.63,P<0.01),A组脐动脉血乳酸[(3.89±1.12)mmol//L]明显高于B组[(3.53±0.92)mmol/L]及C组[(3.52±0.68)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);A组乳酸异常的发生率(5.23%,9/172)高于B组(1.49%,2/134)及C组(0.66%,1/152),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);A组新生儿酸中毒发生率为18.02%(31/172),高于B、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 脐动脉血乳酸水平与pH值、BE具有较好的相关性;CTG不良图形与脐动脉血乳酸水平关系密切;CTG不良图形新生儿酸中毒发生率高;CTG不良图形对胎儿不良结局的预测有一定价值.     

110例新生儿脐血血脂与脂蛋白测定及临床意义

目的了解新生儿脐血血脂与脂蛋白的水平及其临床意义。方法选择本院产科足月分娩的健康新生儿110例为研究对象,将新生儿体重是否〉3．5kg分两组,体重〉3．5kg组（39例）和体重≤3．5kg组（71例）,两组新生儿娩出时即抽脐血检测血脂与脂蛋白水平,5年后随访筛查小儿体重变化。结果新生儿男、女脐血血脂各项指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;新生儿体重≤3．5kg者脐血TG水平低于新生儿体重〉3．5kg者,其差异有统计学意义（t=2．30,P〈0．05）,新生儿体重≤3．5kg者脐血TC及LDL-C水平与体重〉3．5kg者比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;不同胎龄新生儿脐血血脂各项指标比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;出生体重〉3．5kg儿童发生肥胖率[20．51％（8／39）]高于体重≤3．5kg儿童[7．04％（5／71）,）（2=4．38,P〈0．05]。结论小儿肥胖与新生儿期血脂TG偏高及母孕期体质量有关,小儿肥胖应从孕期及婴幼儿开始干预,有利于降低小儿肥胖的发生率。     

产时脐动脉血乳酸水平与新生儿20项行为神经评价的关系研究

目的探讨脐动脉血乳酸(lacticacid,LA)水平与新生儿20项行为神经测定(NBNA)的关系。方法将经阴道分娩的269例新生儿分为窘迫组95例(产时发生胎儿宫内窘迫),对照组174例(正常分娩新生儿)。窘迫组中新生儿出生无窒息为窘迫组,有窒息为窘迫组。分别测定各组脐动脉血LA水平及微量血液气体分析,并在第4~第6天和第26~第28天进行NBNA评分。结果窘迫组及窘迫组脐动脉血LA值分别为(3.57±1.17)mmol/L和(3.84±0.72)mmol/L,较对照组(2.82±0.68)mmol/L显著升高(P<0.01);pH值分别为(7.21±0.06)mmol/L,(7.19±0.11)mmol/L),较对照组(7.26±0.07)mmol/L明显降低(P<0.01);窘迫组第4~第6天及第26~第28天NBNA评分为(33.82±2.46)和(36.50±1.00),较对照组(36.71±1.18)和(38.11±1.17)及窘迫组(36.42±1.16)和(38.10±1.16)显著降低(P<0.01)。窘迫组脐血LA值与pH值及第4~第6天NBNA评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.67,r=-0.78,P<0.01)。结论胎儿宫内窘迫时,脐动脉血LA及NBNA评分存在一定相关性,联合应用有助于判断胎儿宫内窘迫的发生及改善预后。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.