原发性睾丸淋巴瘤的研究进展

原发性睾丸淋巴瘤(PTL)是一种罕见的结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL),占NHL的1％～2％.最常见的病理学类型为弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL),少见类型为套细胞淋巴瘤、NK/T细胞淋巴瘤及其他T细胞淋巴瘤等.最典型的症状表现为无痛性单侧睾丸肿胀,可持续数周至数个月.PTL的预后极差,常出现中枢神经系统(CNS)及对侧睾丸复发.联合治疗方案包括腹股沟睾丸切除术、蒽环类药物为基础的化疗、对侧睾丸及受累野放疗和CNS预防治疗.目前临床上对PTL的预后指标、是否加用利妥昔单抗、放疗的价值及预防CNS复发的最佳策略等尚存在争议.文章针对这些问题进行综述.     

睾丸原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤伴转移(附2例报告)

睾丸原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)少见,多发生于60岁以上的老年男性[1～4],临床进展迅速,治疗效果差,即使是临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者复发率也达82%[2].本文回顾性分析2例伴有鼻咽、胸膜等转移的原发性睾丸NHL,对其临床特点、治疗效果及预后进行分析,就本组经验结合文献复习试图分析睾丸NHL的临床特征及影响预后的相关因素.     

原发睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤26例临床分析

目的：探讨原发睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgidn’s lymphoma,NHL)的临床特点、治疗方法。方法：收集我院1980年10月至2002年2月收治的睾丸NHL26例,Ann Arbor分期ⅠE期17例,ⅡE期6例,ⅣE期3例。全部手术治疗。首程术后化疗24例,以CHOP方案为主,3～6周期,化疗加放疗9例,其中对盆腔／腹主动脉旁／阴囊等区域进行预防性放疗7例,针对病灶区放疗2例。阴囊区用9～12M eV电子线,其余用6～8MV-X线照射。照射剂量范围在36～50Gy,预防照射的平均剂量为40Gy。单纯手术和手术加放疗各1例。结果：全组一、三、五年总体生存率和无进展生存率分别为96．0％、78．1％、52．0％和70．2％、55．3％、49．2％。总失败率为53．8％,其中对侧睾丸、中枢神经系统受侵率分别为15．4％、11．5％,腹膜后淋巴转移率19．2％。结论：睾丸NHL一般为中-高度恶性,结外器官和淋巴结受侵率高,睾丸和腹膜后区分别占结外器官和淋巴结受侵的首位。所有期别的睾丸NHL都应化疗。ⅠE、ⅡE期病例应常规行腹主动脉旁、同侧髂血管旁和阴囊区预防性照射。ⅢE、ⅣE期以化疗为主,残留病灶辅以局部放疗。     

原发性睾丸淋巴瘤及原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤研究进展：第19届欧洲血液学会年会报道

原发性睾丸淋巴瘤（PTL）是一类少见的结外淋巴瘤,进展迅速,预后不良.对于早期局限性病变,可联合应用以蒽环类为基础的化疗、利妥昔单抗、鞘内注射甲氨蝶呤后行对侧睾丸放疗等.中枢神经系统复发风险极高,鞘内注射甲氨蝶呤可能是最好的防治方法.原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）是一种侵袭性淋巴瘤,预后较差,对现有非霍奇金淋巴瘤标准治疗方案均不敏感,甲氨蝶呤联合阿糖胞苷是目前的标准诱导方案.抗CD20单克隆抗体虽然脑脊液含量低,但仍有治疗效果.高剂量化疗联合自体造血干细胞移植缓解率高,3年总生存率可达87％.     

1例原发睾丸淋巴瘤的临床特点与诊治分析

睾丸淋巴瘤发病率占睾丸肿瘤1%~9%, 全部非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的1%~2%。病理以弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤最常见。临床主要表现为单侧睾丸无痛性肿大, 呈进行性加重, 有发热、盗汗、体重减轻的B症状者占25%~41%。局部阴囊部位多受累, 中枢神经系统复发常见。治疗多采用以R-CHOP联合预防性鞘注化疗及对侧睾丸放疗治疗为主的综合治疗模式, 可明显改善患者的无进展生存期及总生存期。现介绍天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院淋巴瘤科收治的1例睾丸原发的恶性淋巴瘤及其诊治的多学科综合讨论供大家参考。      

非霍奇金淋巴瘤1125例临床病理分析

目的 探讨修订的欧美/世界卫生组织非霍奇金淋巴瘤新分类方案的临床意义.方法 按REAL/WHO淋巴瘤分类方案,对1996年1月至2003年6月间有计划地应用含蒽环类药物为基础的联合化疗方案加或不加放射治疗所治疗的1125例NHL的临床病理特点、疗后完全缓解(CR)率、长期生存率、预后因素及其临床相关性进行了分析;同时对NHL主要病理类型的临床特点和长期生存率进行了总结.结果 本组NHL主要病理类型包括弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤368例(32.7%);非特异性外周T细胞淋巴瘤137例(12.2%);鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤110例(9.8%);滤泡淋巴瘤98例(8.7%);结外黏膜相关淋巴瘤69例(6.1%);原发纵隔大B细胞淋巴瘤59例(5.2%);B细胞小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤52例(4.6%);T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤51例(4.5%);间变大细胞淋巴瘤32例(2.8%).全组疗后完全缓解(CR)率为62.0%,5年无病生存率和总生存率分别为46.8%与52.3%.临床分析显示,临床分期晚(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期),行为状态评分为ECOG 2～4,有全身症状,高龄(＞60岁),巨块病变(≥10.0cm),血清乳酸脱氢酶增高,结外器官受侵＞1个部位以及骨髓、胃肠道、肝、肺、中枢神经系统受侵为不良预后因素(P＜0.001).不同NHL亚型具有独特的临床特征和长期生存率.结论 结果提示NHL新病理分类方案对NHL的分类、指导治疗和了解预后有意义,尤其是为NHL的个体化治疗提供了依据.     

99例结外弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的治疗结果

目的 探讨结外弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征和治疗结果.方法 回顾性分析2000--2006年期间收治的99例结外弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL),所有病例经过病理和免疫组化确诊.胃肠道原发32例,原发中枢神经系统和睾丸共14例,其余部位53例.结果 结外DLBCL的临床特点主要表现为高龄、男性略多见、全身症状少见、Ⅰ～Ⅱ期多见、一般状态较好、国际预后指数评分多为中低分.全组5年总生存率为78.9%,原发胃肠道、原发中枢神经系统和睾丸、其他原发部位的5年总生存率分别为82.5%、37.0%、74.6%.全组病例单因素预后分析显示PS评分、结外受侵>1个及国际预后指数评分对5年总生存率有影响.结论 结外DLBCL为一组异质性疾病,预后良好,但原发于中枢神经系统和睾丸部位的病例预后可能较差.     

原发性睾丸淋巴瘤诊断及治疗现状

原发性睾丸淋巴瘤（PTL）是60岁以上男性常见的睾丸恶性肿瘤,常见的病理类型是弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤。PTL有明显的结外侵犯趋势,常侵犯中枢神经系统、对侧睾丸、皮肤、韦氏环、肺、胸膜及软组织。PTL患者初始治疗应选择手术治疗。对于ⅠE的P1匝采用术后全身化疗、预防性鞘内注射及对侧睾丸的预防性照射,对于ⅡE的患者加用区域淋巴结照射。Ⅲ～Ⅳ期的PTL术后以全身化疗为主,对于全身治疗达到完全缓解的再行对侧睾丸的预防性照射及预防性鞘注。PTL在复发方式及预后等方面与其他非霍奇金淋巴瘤有很大区别,应将其看作一种独特的临床疾病。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤1012例临床病理分析

目的:了解我院近10年来非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的发病特点,分析影响NHL预后的相关因素.方法:回顾性分析了近10年来我院收治的1012例NHL患者的临床病理特点,对影响新疆地区NHL生存率及预后的临床病理因素进行分析.结果:1012例NHL中以40～60岁汉族男性发病多见,最主要病理类型依次为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)346例(34.1%),外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL)185例(18.3%),滤泡淋巴瘤(FL)97例(9.6%),黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤(MALT)94例(9.3%),NK/T细胞淋巴瘤62例(6.1%),T-淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤(T-LBL)47例(4.6%).结性起病的淋巴瘤619例(61.2%),结外起病的淋巴瘤393例(38.8%).本组维吾尔族女性FL淋巴瘤患者人数比例较汉族女性患者高(P=0.002),汉族男性PTCL患者人数比例高于维吾尔族男性患者(P=0.015).5年总生存率为45.8%.单因素分析显示临床分期,行为状态评分(PS),B症状,年龄,肿块大小,血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),结外器官受侵数目及IPI是NHL的预后因素(P＜0.05).多因素分析提示T细胞来源,Ⅲ～Ⅳ临床分期,IPI评分3～5分及LDH增高是NHL独立的预后不良因素(P＜0.05).结论:新疆地区NHL发病以中年多见,结性起病者多于结外起病,B细胞淋巴瘤多于T细胞淋巴瘤.免疫分型、临床分期、IPI、血清LDH水平与NHL预后相关.     

原发性睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤11例临床分析

目的:探讨原发性睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗方法及预后.方法:对11例睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析.结果:睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤占同期恶性淋巴瘤的2.34%,占结外淋巴瘤的8.33%,第1年死亡3例(高度恶性2例,中度恶性1例;T细胞3例;ⅣE 1例,ⅢE 2例,),3年存活8例,3年生存率为72.7%(8/11),5年存活4例(其中3例为术后化、放疗的病例,ⅠE 3例,ⅡE 1例),5年生存率为36.4%(4/11).结论:高度恶性、T细胞者预后较差,分期越早预后越好,术后化疗加局部放射治疗预后较好.     

Central nervous system occurrence in elderly patients with aggressive lymphoma and a long-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Secondary central nervous system (CNS) involvement by aggressive lymphoma is a well-known and dreadful clinical complication. The incidence and risk factors for CNS manifestation were studied in a large cohort of elderly (>60 years) patients with aggressive lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 444 previously untreated patients were randomized to receive 3-weekly combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone or cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine and prednisone (CNOP) (doxorubicin substituted by mitoxantrone) chemotherapy with or without filgrastim. Prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate was given to patients with lymphoma involvement of bone marrow, testis and CNS near sites. RESULTS: In all 29 of 444 (6.5%) developed CNS disease after a median observation time of 115 months. CNS was the only site of progression/relapse in 13 patients while part of a systemic disease manifestation in 16 patients. In univariate risk factor analysis, CNS occurrence was associated with extranodal involvement of testis (P = 0.002), advanced clinical stage (P = 0.005) and increased age-adjusted International Prognostic Index score (aaIPI; P = 0.035). In multivariate analysis, initial involvement of testis remained significant and clinical stage was of borderline significance. The median survival time was 2 months after presentation of CNS disease. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of elderly patients with advanced aggressive lymphoma will develop CNS disease. CNS occurrence is related to testis involvement, advanced clinical stage and high aaIPI and the prognosis is dismal.     

Prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate and hydrocortisone reduces central nervous system recurrence and improves survival in aggressive non-hodgkin lymphoma

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system (CNS) recurrence is almost invariably fatal in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Although some protocols are intended to prevent CNS disease, the value of CNS prophylaxis in patients with aggressive NHL remains to be determined. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 68 adults with NHL who had been treated uniformly with systemic chemotherapy and had attained complete remission (CR) of disease. Patients ranged in age from 15 to 77 years (median, 56 years). Median follow-up after CR was 40 months. After CR was attained, 29 patients (Group A) received CNS prophylaxis consisting of four doses of intrathecal methotrexate 10 mg/m(2) and hydrocortisone 15 mg/m(2) as soon as they could tolerate it. The other 39 patients (Group B) did not receive CNS prophylaxis. RESULTS: Although bulky mass (45% vs. 21%, P = 0.03) was more frequent in Group A than in Group B, none of the patients in Group A experienced CNS recurrence (0%), whereas CNS recurrence occurred in six patients in Group B (15%). This difference was significant (P = 0.03). Multivariate logistic regression analysis for CNS recurrence identified no CNS prophylaxis (P = 0.01) and bone marrow involvement (P = 0.02) as independent predictors. Among patients without CNS disease, systemic recurrence occurred in 5 patients in Group A and in 11 patients in Group B (P = 0.12). The 5-year overall survival rate from CR was 80% in Group A and 58% in Group B (P = 0.05). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate from CR was 85% in Group A and 51% in Group B (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate and hydrocortisone injection reduces the incidence of CNS recurrence following CR in patients with aggressive NHL and improves the chance of long-term survival.     

Diffuse large-cell lymphoma of the testis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical outcome of patients with testicular diffuse large-cell lymphoma treated with conventional-dose systemic chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of adult patients with testicular diffuse large-cell lymphoma who were treated with a doxorubicin-based chemotherapy regimen at our institution, the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. Twenty-nine assessable patients, with a median age of 61 years, were identified. Sixteen patients had limited stage (Ann Arbor stage I/II) disease, whereas 13 patients had a testicular mass and distant organ involvement (Ann Arbor stage IV). Patients were retrospectively classified according to the International Prognostic Index. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 82 months, 22 patients presented disease progression and 22 patients had died. Actuarial median time to treatment failure and overall survival were 44 and 41 months for patients with limited stage and 9 and 16 months for patients with advanced stage, respectively. Eight patients failed initial treatment, and 14 patients relapsed from clinical remission after a median disease-free time of 17 months (range, 6 to 98 months). Median survival time after progression of lymphoma was 5 months (range, 0 to 22 months). In nine (41%) of the 22 failing patients, the initial site of relapse was either the CNS or the contralateral testis; the remaining patients experienced relapse in multiple extranodal sites. CONCLUSION: Poor prognosis of patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma calls for more effective treatment strategies, such as high-dose chemotherapy programs for younger patients or specifically designed chemotherapy regimens for patients not suitable for high-dose treatment, with the purpose to provide control of both systemic disease and disease of the CNS and contralateral testis. The potential benefit of contralateral testicular irradiation has to be taken into account in the treatment planning.     

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the brain after Hodgkin's disease. An immunohistochemical study

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rarely reported complication of Hodgkin's disease (HD). Two patients with NHL of the brain after HD were studied by histologic and immunohistochemical methods. Both patients were in the second decade, had been treated with radiation and chemotherapy, had experienced a relapse of HD before development of NHL, had no evidence of HD at the time of diagnosis of NHL, and died within 1 year of diagnosis. Both brain neoplasms were large cell immunoblastic lymphomas of B-cell lineage. Patients with HD appear to be at increased risk for NHL of the CNS, which may have a poor prognosis.     

Lymphoma of the testis as primary location: tumour review

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma as a primary testicular neoplasm accounts approximately 9% of all testicular malignant tumours and about 1–2% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This neoplasm is the most common malignant tumour of the testis in the elderly. The most common histotype in primary forms is the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, whereas more aggressive histologies such as Burkitt’s lymphoma are principal founded in cases of secondary involvement of the testis. Regarding clinical presentation, the most common sign is a unilateral painless scrotal swelling, sometimes with sharp scrotal pain or hydrocele. In patients with advanced stage, the systematic B symptoms are present in 25–41% of all cases. In 35% of patients, bilateral testicular involvement is detected. In more advanced stages with para-aortic lymph-node involvement, ascites and abdominal pain is evident. Despite the fact that responses to doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy, especially in early stages, show good results, relapses are often seen, and the prognosis of this tumour is very poor. Testicular lymphoma often disseminates to other extranodal organs, such as contralateral testis, central nervous system (CNS), lung, pleura, Waldeyer’s ring and soft tissue. For patients with limited disease, the recommended first-line treatment is orchiectomy followed by rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) combination chemotherapy, with central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis and prophylactic irradiation of the contralateral testis. In more advanced or relapsed disease, management should follow the worldwide recommendations for nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here we present a review of this tumour.     

Treatment of primary progressive Hodgkin's and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: is there a chance for cure?

PURPOSE: To determine differences in prognosis between primary progressive Hodgkin's disease (HD) and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), we retrospectively analyzed patients with progressive lymphoma who were treated with different salvage chemotherapy regimens including high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous stem-cell support (ASCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-one patients with primary progressive lymphoma (HD, n = 67; NHL, n = 64) were enrolled. Primary progressive disease was defined as disease progression during first-line chemotherapy or only transient response (complete or partial response lasting 相似文献   

Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

The diagnosis of lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) has been facilitated by advances in neuroimaging and laboratory analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. The most common form of central nervous system CNS involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is leptomeningeal disease. After a diagnosis is established, the use of intrathecal or systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy can improve survival and palliate symptoms. High-dose systemic chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an important treatment option at central nervous system relapse of NHL and for primary CNS lymphoma. The prognosis for disease-free survival and cure is better for patients who have treatment of CNS disease before transplantation than for patients who have active central nervous system disease at the time of transplant.     

30例睾丸原发非霍奇金淋巴瘤回顾性临床分析

目的：睾丸淋巴瘤是睾丸肿瘤中较少见的类型，而原发睾丸的淋巴瘤在淋巴瘤中也较罕见。本文旨在对我院睾丸原发恶性淋巴瘤的临床病理特征和治疗情况进行分析，同时对最近的相关报道进行文献复习。方法：分析1990年到2005年就诊并有完整随访的睾丸原发淋巴瘤患者共30例。结果：30例患者中位年龄57．5（3～79）岁，原发单侧者25例，原发双侧者5例，ⅠE期及ⅡE期的患者占86．7％，弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤23例（76．7％），外周T细胞性淋巴瘤4例（13.3％）。所有患者均接受睾丸切除术，23例患者术后接受了CHOP或类似方案化疗。8例患者在化疗后接受了放射治疗，其中5例患者行阴囊和对侧睾丸放疗，21例患者在首次治疗后取得CR／CRu．3例患者PR。中位随访27．9个月，全组患者的5年OS和PFS分别是42.3％和30.3％。单因素分析显示病理类型和IPI评分对预后有影响：结论：睾丸原发非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤应采取综合治疗，术后给予蒽环类药物为主的全身化疗．中枢预防和对侧睾丸的放射治疗有助于减少复发。     

非霍金淋巴瘤935例临床分析

目的 研究提高非零奇金淋巴瘤（ＮＨＬ）的治疗水平。方法 对９３５例有计划治疗且事病例进行分析。结果 （１）病理分类与远期生存，以中度恶性偏优，与其他类型比，Ｐ〈０．０５。（２）临床分期与远期生存，表现为分期早、预后好的规律Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期相比，Ｐ均〈０．００１。（３）近期疗效一远期生存；ＣＲ者预后最佳ＣＲ与ＰＲ、Ｓ、Ｐ相比，Ｐ〈０．００１。（４）按不同治疗手段比较；化疗＋放疗（综合治疗）比单一放疗