基于不锈钢模板热压微模塑构建聚乙烯超疏水表面

采用含FeCl3的蚀刻液对不锈钢表面进行刻蚀,再以此蚀刻面为模板热压低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）,冷却剥离得到LDPE微模塑表面。研究结果表明：静、动态接触角均超过150°,滚动角约5°,LDPE表面呈“花菜状”结构,即大“包”上密集分布着微米及亚微米级的小突起。本工艺可望结合工业上生产塑料薄膜的流延技术,实现聚合物超疏水表面的规模化生产。     

应激状态下胃粘膜的粘液量、凝胶层厚度及接触角的变化

目的:探讨应激性刺激对大鼠胃壁结合粘液凝胶层的粘液量、凝胶层厚度、粘膜接触角的影响.方法:以水浸束缚方法制作大鼠应激模型,用Alcian blue染色法检测对照组及应激2、4 h组腺胃区粘膜粘液量,用厚片法检测凝胶层厚度,用光镜测定法检测粘膜接触角,并按Guth标准计数溃疡指数.结果:对照组与应激2、4 h组粘液量分别为(0.14±0.03)、(0.07±0.02)和(0.02±0.02)/g;凝胶层厚度为(71.08±5.85)、(57.63±6.45)和(51.35±2.84) μm;粘膜接触角为(38.0±2.4)°、(20.0±1.6)°和(14.4±3.3)°(P<0.01);腺胃粘膜溃疡指数积分为0、(5.2±1.3)和(10.0±0.5).对照组、应激2 h组及应激4 h组之间上述指标均有显著差异(P<0.01);凝胶层厚度与粘液量呈明显正相关;三者与胃粘膜病变程度呈显著的负相关.结论:应激状态下胃粘膜粘液量、凝胶层厚度、胃粘膜接触角均降低,提示与应激性溃疡的发生有关.     

稀土复合薄膜的制备及其微摩擦学性能

在羟基化的单晶硅片上制备了3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷-稀土（MPTS-RE）复合薄膜。利用接触角测量仪、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）分析了MPTS-RE复合薄膜接触角及其表面典型化学元素的状态;运用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了MPTS-RE复合薄膜的表面形貌并研究了其微摩擦学性能。结果表明：稀土成功组装到磺化后的MPTS薄膜表面;随着探针的滑动速率和载荷的增加,针尖与样品间摩擦力增加;硅基片和MPTS-RE复合薄膜表面的黏附力随着相对湿度的增加而增加;MPTS-RE复合薄膜具有较低的摩擦系数和黏附力。     

紫外光辐照接枝MMA改性锂离子电池PE隔膜

采用紫外光辐照接枝的方法,通过本体聚合,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）接枝至聚乙烯（PE）隔膜表面,以改善其对电解液的润湿性能。结果表明：通过紫外光辐照可实现有效的表面接枝,当引发剂质量浓度为0.10 g/mL,光照时间为150 s时,表面接枝率达到49.15%,通过扫描电镜、原子力显微镜等对膜表面形貌变化进行了观察,静态接触角测试表明,接枝改性后膜对电解液的接触角从47.8°～48.1°降至18.1°～20.4°,润湿性能提高。     

水飞蓟宾生物黏附微球的生物利用度

目的：建立兔血浆中水飞蓟宾生物黏附微球浓度的反相高效液相色谱测定方法,研究水飞蓟宾生物黏附微球的代谢动力学及相对生物利用度。方法：色谱柱,Agilent Zorbax C18（250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相A,20 mmol/L KH2PO4缓冲溶液（pH 3.0）;流动相B,甲醇（A∶B=55∶45,V/V）。12只健康大白兔进行随机交叉实验,给药剂量为20 mg/kg。结果：生物黏附微球和混悬液的主要药动学参数：峰浓度Cmax分别为（905.94±230.16） ng/ml和（321.32±86.65） ng/ml;达峰时间T（peak）分别为（4.70±1.02） h和（1.66±1.00） h;半衰期t1/2分别为（4.07±0.12） h和（1.64±0.09） h;药物曲线下面积AUC0-24分别为（11 841.35±579.58） ng·h/ml和（1 537.34±156.43） ng·h/ml。由２种制剂的AUC0-24计算,生物黏附微球的相对生物利用度为（770.2±370.5）%。结论：水飞蓟宾生物黏附微球的生物利用度是速释制剂混悬液的7.7倍,明显提高了水飞蓟宾在体内的吸收。     

二腹肌前腹-下颌骨膜瓣修复喉气管应用解剖学研究

目的 为临床上较为棘手喉气管狭窄提供新的修复方法。方法 研究23具（46侧）福尔马林固定的头颈部标本的二腹肌前腹的形态学特征并测量其相关的解剖结构。结果 二腹肌前腹以（30.4°±3.5°）的角度起于下颌骨二腹肌窝内,其长度为（4.8±0.7）,颏下动脉二腹肌血管支在距颏下动脉起始点（2.4±0.7）cm发出,下颌舌骨神经伴随血供入肌,该肌附着骨膜面积为69.6~155.4（111.6±28.2）mm2。结论 根据颏下动脉皮瓣和胸锁乳突肌锁骨骨膜瓣的制备方法和二腹肌前腹相关的解剖学数据,设计以二腹肌前腹和颏下动脉为蒂的下颌骨骨膜瓣修复喉气管,有良好的解剖学条件。     

应用25°乳突架投照颞骨茎突初探

<正> 颞骨茎突为一细长骨性突起,由乳突的前内侧伸向前下,由于它的解剖位置特殊,在 X 线投照中常与颅面骨重叠而不易显示。在实践中,我们用25°乳突架投照,收到了满意的效果,现介绍于下。     

II型肺泡上皮细胞凋亡在COPD患者肺损伤中的作用及机制研究

目的 分析Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞（AECⅡ）凋亡在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺损伤中的作用及其机制。方法 筛选2020年1月至2020年12月浙江省嘉兴市第一医院手术治疗的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者30例入组,分为NSCLC不伴COPD且无吸烟史的患者（A组）、NSCLC不伴COPD但有吸烟史的患者（B组）及NSCLC伴COPD且有吸烟史的患者（C组）,每组10例,常规测定肺功能。分别采用HE染色观察肺组织病理学变化,Real-time PCR和免疫组化检测肺泡表面活性蛋白A（SPA）和肺泡表面活性蛋白C（SPC）mRNA及蛋白表达水平,TUNEL/SPC双重免疫荧光染色检测AECⅡ凋亡情况,Western blot检测p53、p21及叉头框蛋白O3a（FoxO3a）蛋白表达变化。结果 C组患者肺功能符合COPD诊断标准,即FEV1/FVC为（64.90±3.00）%,肺组织呈现明显的肺气肿样病理学改变。分别与A、B组比较,C组MLI[（194.01±7.01） μm比（36.34±4.09） μm、（39.49±4.01） μm];MAA[（21707.72±2306.53） μm2比（3352.49±391.44） μm2、（3493.38±404.29） μm2]明显升高（P均<0.05）;MAN[（52.46±4.68） mm2比（272.50±23.42） mm2、（255.77±32.06） mm2]明显降低（P<0.05）。Real-time PCR和免疫组化结果显示,分别与A、B组比较,C组SPA mRNA[（0.71±0.08）比（1.00±0.02）、（0.94±0.04）],SPC mRNA[（0.72±0.08）比（1.00±0.02）、（0.96±0.03）]明显减少（P<0.05）。TUNEL/SPC双重免疫荧光染色结果表明,C组的AECⅡ凋亡百分比为（12.30±2.21）%,显著高于A组（5.60±1.71）%和B组（6.00±1.83）%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Western blot结果表明,分别与A组和B组比较,C组患者肺组织p53和p21蛋白表达量明显增加（P<0.05）、FoxO3a蛋白表达量显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 AECⅡ凋亡在COPD患者肺损伤中起到重要作用,其机制可能与FoxO3a蛋白表达下调及p53、p21蛋白表达上调相关。     

氮气等离子体改性壳聚糖-聚丙烯腈复合纳滤膜

以氮气低温等离子体对壳聚糖-聚丙烯腈复合纳滤膜进行表面改性。用接触角、扫描电镜、扫描探针显微镜、X射线光电子能谱观察膜表面的亲水性和形貌特征,分析膜表面化学组成;以γ-氨基丁酸为分离对象表征膜的纳滤性能。结果表明：经50 W、20 Pa的氮气等离子体作用2 min,壳聚糖膜表面的亲水性大幅改善,其接触角由102.0°下降至44.3°,平整度明显提升;膜表面中的C—C、C—O和酰胺基团均减少,而胺基和羰基相应增加;在 pH=6.15的水溶液中对w=1.0%的γ-氨基丁酸进行纳滤,液体通量由原来的1.12 L/（m2·h)提高至1.75 L/(m2·h),且对氨基酸的截留率从28%提升至83%。     

依托泊苷长循环亚微乳的制备和理化性质研究

目的 制备依托泊苷长循环亚微乳,并对其进行理化性质研究。方法 在依托泊苷亚微乳处方的基础上,通过考察乳粒表面固有水化层厚度与聚乙二醇2000–二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺（PEG 2000-DSPE）用量的关系,确定PEG 2000-DSPE用量,从而确定了依托泊苷长循环亚微乳的处方和制备工艺,并进行了理化性质研究。结果 依托泊苷长循环亚微乳的浓度为0.8 mg/mL,平均粒径为（185.4±5.7）nm,Zeta电位为（?51.6±0.8）mV,药物包封率为97.52%。结论 得到了包封率在95%以上的依托泊苷浓度为0.8 mg/mL的依托泊苷长循环亚微乳的处方和制备工艺。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.