高通量血液透析和血液透析滤过的临床观察

目的研究高通量血液透析(HPD)和血液透析滤过(HDF)对维持性血液透析患者溶质清除效果及治疗平稳性。方法将26例维持性血液透析患者随机分为2组:HPD组和HDF组,HPD组用金宝AK-95行HPD,HDF组用AK-200US on-line行HDF,两组均采用碳酸氢盐透析液,透析液流量500ml/min,F-60血滤器,时间均为4h/次,3~5次/2周,血流量250~300ml/min;每组随机抽取10份透析前后Bun、Cr、β2-MG、P及3个月后β2-MG,计算溶质清除率;同时观察每组治疗期间及间期症状及体征。结果两组在清除小分子方面疗效相似,在清除中分子上两者明显优于普通血液透析。结论HPD和HDF对中分子及小分子物质的清除率高,治疗过程平稳,是理想的净化方式。     

不同透析液流量对联机血液透析滤过效率的影响

目的 比较不同透析液流量对透析患者血清肌酐(creatinine,CREA)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG)清除率的影响.方法 选择我科维持性血液透析并且行联机血液透析滤过(Hemodiafiltration,HDF)治疗的患者32例,分别给予550ml/min、650ml/min、750ml/min三种不同透析液流量进行透析,检测不同透析液流量下透析前后CREA、BUN、PTH、β2-MG水平,评估透析效率.结果与透析液流量为550ml/min时比较,透析液流量为650ml/min时,血清CREA、BUN、PTH清除率及尿素清除率(KT/V)均呈增加趋势,但无统计学差异(t分别为0.97,0.95,0.130和1.64,P＞0.05),血清β2-MG清除率明显增加,差异具有统计学意义(t=3.45,P＜0.05).与透析液流量为550ml/min时比较,透析液流量为750ml/min时CREA、BUN、PTH、β2-MG清除率及KT/V均显著增加(t分别为3.45,2.79,3.32,4.73和3.04,P＜0.05).但与透析液流量为650ml/min比较,透析液流量为750ml/min时CREA、BUN、PTH、β2-MG清除率及KT/V清除率比较差异无统计学意义(t分别为1.32,1.87,2.01,0.49和1.63,P＞0.05).结论 联机HDF治疗时,提高透析液流量对尿毒症患者CREA、BUN、PTH、β2-MG的清除更为有效.     

间断On-line血液透析滤过的临床观察与护理

目的:采用正确的护理措施确保On-line血液透析滤过顺利地进行,观察间断On-line血液透析滤过治疗尿毒症的临床疗效。方法:HDF组采用费森尤斯4008S+On-line透析机,聚砜膜F60滤器,面积1.4㎡,每周HD2次,HDF1次。HD组采用费森尤斯4008B、2008A、AK200,每周HD3次,两组透析时间均为4h,血流量为200￣250ml/min,透析液流量为500￣800ml/min。在联机HDF或HD治疗期间分别观察治疗前后尿毒症毒素清除率,每月第1次HDF或HD前后测BUN、SCr、Ca、β-M、Sp连续观察6个月。同时加强护理,严密观察生命体征及病情变化,严格把好安全过滤器和细菌过滤器的安全使用,严格遵守消毒隔离制度及无菌技术操作规程,保证充足的血流量,密切观察出血倾向及凝血情况,加强对病人的饮食护理。结果:HD通过扩散作用能有效地清除小分子毒素,但对大中分子物质的清除有限,而HDF则是利用扩散、滤过两种清除原理,能有效清除BUN、SCr、Sp等中小分子物质,对β-M的清除明显优于HD组(P﹤0.01)。结论:应用费森尤斯4008S+On-line透析机进行HDF,由于透析机自产置换液可直接使用,降低了病人的医疗费用,具有操作简便、出入量平衡、控制准确、置换液温度适宜等优点,值得推广使用。同时有效的护理是保证治疗顺利进行的关键。     

高通量血液透析和血液透析滤过的临床观察

目的观察高通量透析(HPD)和血液透析滤过(HDF)对维持性血液透析患者溶质清除效果.方法选取15例慢性肾衰维持性血液透析患者,随机选择8例为HPD组,7例为HDF组.均采用碳酸氢盐透析液、Fresenius聚砜膜F60血滤器(第一次)及4008s(on-line plus)透析机,透析时间4h/次,透析次数3～5次/2周,血流量均为250ml/h,HPD组透析液流量为500ml/h,HDF组透析流量800ml/h.透析前后分别采血测BUN、Cr、磷、血β2-MG以及3个月后透析前血β2-MG,并计算溶质下降率.观察记录患者透析中和透析间期体征和并发症.结果HPD组溶质下降率BUN(74.23±5.20)%、Cr(70.2±8.55)%、磷(51.54±18.70)%、血β2-MG(57.42±16.28)%、3个月β2-MG(2.14±1.15)%.HDF组溶质下降率BUN(78.11±2.30)%、Cr(74.30±7.88)%、磷(57.14±13.20)%、血β2-MG(66.32±15.72)%、3个月β2-MG(13.10±2.34)%.HPD组和HDF组透析充分性差异无显著性意义(P＞0.20).透析前后BUN、Cr、磷下降率两组无显著性意义(P＞0.10).血β2-MG下降率HDF组优于HPD组,3个月后,HDF组血β2-MG下降率明显优于HPD组(P＜0.001).结论HDF和HPD两种透析方式对小分子物质清除率相似,对中大分子溶质的清除同样有效,但随着透析时间的延长,HDF对中大分子的清除(血β2-MG)效果更好,它能否缓解透析相关性淀粉样变有待进一步肯定,因其对血流动力学的稳定性、高清除率,对改善顽固性高血压、搔痒的效果优于HPD,从长远看HDF是一种很好的透析方式.     

简易测定血透废弃透析液中尿素氮浓度的方法

直接测定废弃血液透析液中尿氯氮的浓度及透析液体积并以此求得每次血透所清除的尿素氮数量是衡量透析清除尿素氮效能的标准。但其操作繁琐 ,不易在临床上普遍开展。在此我们介绍一种简单的测定废弃透析液中尿素氮浓度的方法 ,并同时与直接测定法做一比较。1　资料与方法　　 2 5例血液透析患者 ,每周透析 2～ 3次 ,透析时间 4～ 6 hr,血流量 2 0 0～ 30 0 ml/min,采用费森尤斯 40 0 8B型血液透析机行碳酸盐透析 ,透析液流量 5 0 0 ml/min。在透析开始后 5min及透析结束时 ,从透析器外膜的透析液流出口留取每例患者的透析液标本 (分别定为 …     

维持性血液透析患者间断进行血液透析滤过的临床评价

目的探讨不同血液净化方式对透析充分性的影响。方法常规血液透析（HD）8周中进行2次血液透析滤过（HDF），分取常规血液透析与血液透析滤过中Kt／V、URR及β2-MG下降率2次算平均值进行自身对照比较。结果HDF时Kt／V、URR均较HD时稍有升高，但两者比较无显著性差异；在清除β2-MG比较中，HDF明显优于HD，且两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论HDF与HD比较两者对小分子尿毒症毒素清除无显著差别，但HDF较HD能有效清除β2-MG。     

高通量血液透析对尿毒症患者透析质量的临床观察

目的 探讨高通量血液透析对尿毒症患者中、小分子毒素的清除及营养状况的评估.方法 将27饲维持性血液透析患者随机分为高通量血液透析(HPD)组与常规血液透析(CHD)组,HPD组使用F60高通量透析器,CHD组使用低通量F6透析器,均每周透析2-3次,每次4-5小时,对两组患者进行6个月临床观察.结果 HPD组与CHD组比较,尿素氮(BUN),肌酐(Scr)清除无显著性差异;β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG),血清白蛋白(ALB)差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论 HPD能有效清除中分子毒素,并能改善维持性透析患者的营养状况.     

血液透析滤过和高通量血液透析对β_2-微球蛋白清除效果的比较

目的:β2-微球蛋白在体内的蓄积在透析相关性淀粉样病变(DRA)的发病中起了重要的作用。血液透析滤过(HDF)和高通量血液透析(HFHD)均可有效清除β2-微球蛋白。本研究的目的是比较HDF和HFHD对于β2-微球蛋白的清除效果。方法:将30例患者随机分为HFHD组、HDF组,每组15例,治疗4 h/次,血流量260 ml/min,透析液流量500 ml/min。分别测定各组治疗前后对血尿素、血肌酐、血β2-微球蛋白及治疗6个月透析治疗结束后血β2-微球蛋白。结果:两组治疗方式治疗后血尿素、血肌酐、血β2-微球蛋白均明显下降(P<0.05),长期治疗(>6个月)HDF组对血β2-微球蛋白的清除优于HFHD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:治疗方式均可有效清除血尿素、血肌酐、血β2-微球蛋白,长期治疗(>6个月)HDF组对血β2-微球蛋白的清除更为有效。     

高通量透析器对β2-微球蛋白的清除

目的研究高通量血液透析器(HPD)对尿毒症病人β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)的清除作用,为预防透析相关性淀粉样变性寻求新的治疗途径提供临床依据。方法维持性血液透析病人38例随机分为2组,全部进行常规血液透析:一组采用FreseniusF60高通透性透析器(HPD),另一组采用FreseniusF6低通透性透析器(CHD)。透析时间均为4h,透析前后抽血检测血清β2-MG。结果HPD组透析后血β2-MG明显下降(P<0·01),CHD组透析前后血β2-MG无明显变化(P>0·05),组间比较透析后HPD组血β2-MG明显低于CHD组(P<0·01)。结论HPD对β2-MG具有明显的清除作用。     

血液透析滤过在维持性血透患者中的应用

目的 探讨联机血液透析滤过(HDF)治疗尿毒症患者不同分子量毒素清除效果及长期并发症、不适应证的临床疗效.方法 选择100例常规透析2年以上的尿毒症患者,根据经济状况分血液透析滤过组(HDF)和常规血液透析组(HD),每组50例.HDF 组每周做HDF1次,每次4h,用后稀释法,血流量230～280mL/min透析液流量700mL/min,置换液量(12±1)L,流量50mL/min,做HD每周1～2次,方法与常规透析相同;HD组每周透析2～3次,每次4h,血流量200～250mL/min,透析液流量500mL/min,两组均治疗8周.观察两组治疗前后BUN、Cr、P3-浓度、β 2-MG生化指标的变化,比较两组治疗后平均下降率及长期透析患者并发症及不适应证治疗的有效率.结果 HDF组在治疗前后4项生化指标均有显著差异(P<0.05),HD组中BUN、Cr治疗前后差异显著( P<0.05)、P3-浓度、β2-MG、无显著差异( P＞0.05)比较两组治疗后BUN、Cr平均下降率无统计学意义( P＞0.05),P3-浓度、β2-MG有显著差异(P<0.01);长期并发症及不适应证治疗的有效率,HDF组明显低于HD组,两组对照( P<0.01)有统计学意义.结论 后稀释法联机HDF能有效清除尿毒症患者血中大、中、小分子物质,透析效果明显提高,长期透析并发症症状得到改善,不适应证的发生率下降.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.